The Co2P nanoparticles strongly coupled with P-modified NiMoO4 nanorods are designed by a novel carbon encapsulated strategy, representing the highly-active pH-universal electrodes for HER. The ...superior catalytic performance of C-Co2P@P-NiMoO4/NF electrode is mainly deriving from the synergistic coupled effects of multiple metal centers, oxygen vacancies, carbon encapsulated and heterostructure.
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The development of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) technology that operates stably in a wide potential of hydrogen (pH) range of electrolytes is particular important for large-scale hydrogen production. However, the rational design of low-cost and pH-universal electrocatalyst with high catalytic performance remains a huge challenge. Herein, Co2P nanoparticles strongly coupled with P-modified NiMoO4 nanorods are directly grown on nickel foam (NF) substrates through carbon layer encapsulation (denoted as C-Co2P@P-NiMoO4/NF) by hydrothermal, deposition, and phosphating processes. This novel kind of hierarchical heterojunction has abundant heterogeneous interfaces, strong electronic interactions, and optimized reaction kinetics, representing the highly-active pH-universal electrodes for HER. Remarkably, the C-Co2P@P-NiMoO4/NF catalyst shows excellent HER properties in acidic and basic electrolytes, where the overpotentials of 105 mV and 107 mV are applied to drive the current density of 100 mA cm−2. In addition, a low overpotential of 177 mV at 100 mA cm−2 along with high stability is realized in 1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS), which is close to the state-of-the-art non-precious metal electrocatalysts. Our work not only provides a class of robust pH-universal electrocatalyst but also offers a novel way for the rational design of other heterogeneous materials bythe interface regulation strategy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To obtain supercapacitors for wearable electronic devices, highly conductive stretchable electrode substrates with excellent tensile recovery are required. However, the simultaneous realization of ...the above mentioned characteristics is difficult. In this study, tough stainless‐steel fibers (SSFs) are employed as the substrates for knitting into stainless‐steel meshes (SSMs), for the fabrication of textile electrodes with typical 2D‐interconnected networks. The obtained knitted networks can transform the angular elasticity of SSFs into the stretchability of the textile electrodes. The electrodes based on the SSM substrates can be obtained via the in situ growth of NiCo2S4 nanosheets covered by CoS2 nanowires, which exhibit a high specific capacity, high rate capability, and excellent cycling stability. Moreover, the first stretchable solid‐state hybrid supercapacitors based on SSM display excellent performances with respect to a high energy density (60.2 Wh kg−1 at 800 W kg−1), remarkable tensile recovery (≤40% elongation), and high stability (≈76.4% capacity retention at 30% strain for 1000 stretching cycles). The highly stretchable supercapacitor is sewn on the elbow of a garment to drive a light‐emitting diode, and it maintains a high performance with respect to the repetitive process of bending and straightening, thus demonstrating the high applicability of the designed SSMs to wearable electronics.
Knitted textile electrodes of typical 2D interconnected networks with special patterns from stainless‐steel fibers are applied in stretchable solid‐state hybrid supercapacitors. The supercapacitors retain 76.4% of the initial capacitance at 30% strain after 1000 stretching cycles, and display excellent electrochemical and mechanical stability, demonstrating high applicability in wearable electronics.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A unique strategy of mesoscopic functionalization starting from silk fibroin (SF) materials to the fabrication of meso flexible SF electronic skin (e‐skin) is presented. Notably, SF materials of ...novel and enhanced properties of the materials can be achieved by mesoscopically reconstructing the hierarchical structures of SF materials, based on rerouting the refolding process of SF molecules by meso‐nucleation templating. Mesoscopic hybridization/reconstruction endows cocoon silk with a robust mechanical and electric performance by incorporating wool keratin (WK) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the mesostructures of SF via intermolecular templated nucleation. Furthermore, the asymmetrical meso‐functional films with biocompatibility and insulation on one side and conductivity on the other (square resistance = 130 Ω sq−1) endow the passive wireless e‐skin exhibited a tunable sensitivity from −1.05 to −6.35 kPa−1 with a lossless measurement range of ≈2 kPa. The pulses of human subjects are monitored using the e‐skin to evaluate blood vessel hardening and real‐time dynamic systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
A unique mesoscopic functionalization strategy from silk fibroin (SF) material for the preparation of mesoscopic flexible SF electronic‐skin is proposed. These revolutionary steps enable meso‐hybrid SF to be adopted to fabricate flexible, biocompatible, and highly sensitive stress sensors for continuous physiological conditions monitoring.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
There is epidemiological evidence showing that drinking green tea can lower the risk of esophageal cancer (EC). The effect is mainly attributed to tea polyphenols and their most abundant component, ...(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). The possible mechanisms of tumorigenesis inhibition of EGCG include its suppressive effects on cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, DNA methylation, metastasis and oxidant stress. EGCG modulates multiple signal transduction and metabolic signaling pathways involving in EC. A synergistic effect was also observed when EGCG was used in combination with other treatment methods.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Electron-ion collider in China Anderle, Daniele P.; Bertone, Valerio; Cao, Xu ...
Frontiers of physics,
12/2021, Volume:
16, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Lepton scattering is an established ideal tool for studying inner structure of small particles such as nucleons as well as nuclei. As a future high energy nuclear physics project, an Electron-ion ...collider in China (EicC) has been proposed. It will be constructed based on an upgraded heavy-ion accelerator, High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) which is currently under construction, together with a new electron ring. The proposed collider will provide highly polarized electrons (with a po- larization of 80%) and protons (with a polarization of 70%) with variable center of mass energies from 15 to 20 GeV and the luminosity of (2-3)×10 33 cm −2*s −1. Polarized deuterons and Helium-3, as well as unpolarized ion beams from Carbon to Uranium, will be also available at the EicC.
The main foci of the EicC will be precision measurements of the structure of the nucleon in the sea quark region, including 3D tomography of nucleon; the partonic structure of nuclei and the parton interaction with the nuclear environment; the exotic states, especially those with heavy flavor quark contents. In addition, issues fundamental to understanding the origin of mass could be addressed by measurements of heavy quarkonia near-threshold production at the EicC. In order to achieve the above-mentioned physics goals, a hermetical detector system will be constructed with cutting-edge technologies.
This document is the result of collective contributions and valuable inputs from experts across the globe. The EicC physics program complements the ongoing scientific programs at the Jefferson Laboratory and the future EIC project in the United States. The success of this project will also advance both nuclear and particle physics as well as accelerator and detector technology in China.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Summary
Global warming has profound impact on growth and development, and plants constantly adjust their internal circadian clock to cope with external environment. However, how clock‐associated ...genes fine‐tune thermoresponsive growth in plants is little understood.
We found that loss‐of‐function mutation of REVEILLE5 (RVE5) reduces the expression of circadian gene EARLY FLOWERING 4 (ELF4) in Arabidopsis, and confers accelerated hypocotyl growth under warm‐temperature conditions.
Both RVE5 and CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) accumulate at warm temperatures and bind to the same EE cis‐element presented on ELF4 promoter, but the transcriptional repression activity of RVE5 is weaker than that of CCA1. The binding of CCA1 to ELF4 promoter is enhanced in the rve5‐2 mutant at warm temperatures, and overexpression of ELF4 in the rve5‐2 mutant background suppresses the rve5‐2 mutant phenotype at warm temperatures.
Therefore, the transcriptional repressor RVE5 finetunes ELF4 expression via competing at a cis‐element with the stronger transcriptional repressor CCA1 at warm temperatures. Such a competition–attenuation mechanism provides a balancing system for modulating the level of ELF4 and thermoresponsive hypocotyl growth under warm‐temperature conditions.
See also the Commentary on this article by Balcerowicz, 237: 9–11.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
China is the largest contributor to global atmospheric mercury (Hg), and accurate emission inventories in China are needed to reduce large gaps existing in global Hg mass balance estimates and assess ...Hg effects on various ecosystems. The China Atmospheric Mercury Emission (CAME) model was developed in this study using probabilistic emission factors generated from abundant on-site measurements and literature data. Using this model, total anthropogenic Hg emissions were estimated to be continuously increasing from 356 t in 2000 to 538 t in 2010 with an average annual increase rate of 4.2%. Industrial coal combustion, coal-fired power plants, nonferrous metal smelting, and cement production were identified to be the dominant Hg emission sources in China. The ten largest contributing provinces accounted for nearly 60% of the total Hg emissions in 2010. Speciated Hg emission inventory was developed over China with a grid-resolution of 36 × 36 km, providing needed emission fields for Hg transport models. In this new inventory, the sectoral Hg speciation profiles were significantly improved based on the latest data from field measurements and more detailed technology categorization. The overall uncertainties of the newly developed inventory were estimated to be in the range of −20% to +23%.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The lack of high-performance and substantial supply of anion-exchange membranes is a major obstacle to future deployment of relevant electrochemical energy devices. Here, we select two isomers ...(m-terphenyl and p-terphenyl) and balance their ratio to prepare anion-exchange membranes with well-connected and uniformly-distributed ultramicropores based on robust chemical structures. The anion-exchange membranes display high ion-conducting, excellent barrier properties, and stability exceeding 8000 h at 80 °C in alkali. The assembled anion-exchange membranes present a desirable combination of performance and durability in several electrochemical energy storage devices: neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (energy efficiency of 77.2% at 100 mA cm
, with negligible permeation of redox-active molecules over 1100 h), water electrolysis (current density of 5.4 A cm
at 1.8 V, 90 °C, with durability over 3000 h), and fuel cells (power density of 1.61 W cm
under a catalyst loading of 0.2 mg cm
, with open-circuit voltage durability test over 1000 h). As a demonstration of upscaled production, the anion-exchange membranes achieve roll-to-roll manufacturing with a width greater than 1000 mm.
Neuroblastoma (NB), which is a subtype of neural-crest-derived malignancy, is the most common extracranial solid tumor occurring in childhood. Despite extensive research, the underlying developmental ...origin of NB remains unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we generate transcriptomes of adrenal NB from 160,910 cells of 16 patients and transcriptomes of putative developmental cells of origin of NB from 12,103 cells of early human embryos and fetal adrenal glands at relatively late development stages. We find that most adrenal NB tumor cells transcriptionally mirror noradrenergic chromaffin cells. Malignant states also recapitulate the proliferation/differentiation status of chromaffin cells in the process of normal development. Our findings provide insight into developmental trajectories and cellular states underlying human initiation and progression of NB.
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•The repertoire of normal developing neural-crest-related cells defines the features of NB•NB has a predominant chromaffin-cell-like phenotype•Chromaffin cell differentiation state is highly predictive of patient outcome•MYCN amplification is robustly linked with enhanced EMT NCC-like phenotype
Dong et al. provide a detailed phenotypic landscape of human neuroblastoma (NB) using single-cell RNA sequencing and show that the proliferation/differentiation status of developing chromaffin cells is highly associated with the clinical heterogeneity of NB.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a new technical discipline that uses computer technology to research and develop the theory, method, technique, and application system for the simulation, extension, ...and expansion of human intelligence. With the assistance of new AI technology, the traditional medical environment has changed a lot. For example, a patient’s diagnosis based on radiological, pathological, endoscopic, ultrasonographic, and biochemical examinations has been effectively promoted with a higher accuracy and a lower human workload. The medical treatments during the perioperative period, including the preoperative preparation, surgical period, and postoperative recovery period, have been significantly enhanced with better surgical effects. In addition, AI technology has also played a crucial role in medical drug production, medical management, and medical education, taking them into a new direction. The purpose of this review is to introduce the application of AI in medicine and to provide an outlook of future trends.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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