Introduction
Many of the activities in daily living require different walking skills such as straight walking (SW), walking with turning (WwT), curved walking (CW) or backward walking (BW) in a ...dual-task condition. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the dual task cost (DTC) during different types of walking. Therefore, this study was planned to compare the DTC during different types of walking in people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD) and healthy controls.
Methods
Thirty-one PwPD and 31 healthy controls were included. Different types of walking were assessed using the 10-Meter Walk Test for SW, the Timed Up and Go Test for WwT, the Figure-of-Eight Walk Test for CW, and the Three-Meter Backward Walk Test for BW. Walking assessments were performed in a single-task and a dual-task condition.
Results
The DTC on SW was the lowest in both groups. The DTC on WwT, BW, and CW were similar in healthy controls, whereas the order of the DTC on remaining walking types from lowest to highest was; WwT, BW, and CW in PwPD. Also, the DTC on WwT, BW, and CW were higher in PwPD than healthy controls. However, the DTC on SW was similar in PwPD and healthy controls.
Conclusion
The DTC is different during SW, WwT, BW, and CW in PwPD. Therefore, walking type should be considered in studies investigating dual task walking in PwPD. Also, dual task exercises consisting of different types of walking should be included in rehabilitation programs of PwPD.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Objective: This study was aimed to (i) sleep characteristics of children with cerebral palsy (CP), and sleep and emotional intelligence results of their mothers, and (ii) explore the relationship ...these parameters both with each other and with demographic characteristics of children and their mothers. Methods: Thirty-three children with CP and their mothers were included this study. Functional level of children was evaluated with Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) while sleep parameters with Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Abbreviated Form (CSHQ-AF). Sleep quality and emotional intelligence of mothers was evaluated by The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Revised Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (RSEI), successively. Results: The highest percentage of children with CP participating in the study was at level 3 (GMFCS) with 24.24%. Mean sleep score of children with CP according to CSHQ-AF was 50.33 (SD: 9.38) points. Twenty-nine (87.9%) of children with CP had pediatric sleep problem while 51.5% of mothers had poor sleep quality. RSEI total score of mothers was 149.54 (SD: 16.94). No relationship was found between sleep and emotional intelligence of mothers with sleep of children with CP (p>0.05). Conclusion: The rate of sleep problems was found to be higher in children with CP compared to their mothers as expected. The lack of relationship between sleep and emotional intelligence can be explained by the reality that both parameters can be affected by many factors.
•Pulmonary and upper limbs function start deteriorating in the early stages of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).•The decline in pulmonary function is more significant than the decline in upper limbs ...function in DMD.•Functional status can be followed by comparing healthy peers in each stage of DMD.
Pulmonary and upper limbs function of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are known to deteriorate throughout the disease process. However, there is a lack of information on the extent of impairments in the early stages of DMD when compared to healthy peers.
To investigate to what extent pulmonary and upper limbs function of children with early stage DMD are impaired.
Sixty-one children participated in the study: 31 with Grade 1 DMD (study group) according to the Brooke Upper and Lower Extremity Functional Classification Systems, and 30 age matched healthy peers (control group). Pulmonary function was determined with pulmonary function tests. The Performance of Upper Limb test was used to evaluate the upper limbs function.
Study and control groups were homogenous in terms of physical characteristics (p>0.05). Pulmonary and upper limbs function of children with DMD were about 85% and 93% of healthy peers, respectively.
This study provides evidence for deterioration of pulmonary and upper limbs function in children with early stage DMD. Better knowledge of deterioration rate over time may help therapists to better plan and update their plan of care.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Aim: This descriptive and correlational study aims to determine whether nurses have organizational revenge intentions and evaluate the effect of organizational justice perceptions. Method: The study ...was conducted on 526 nurses who accepted to participate in the research. The participants work in three hospitals: one university and two Ministry of Health hospitals. The data were collected using a personal information form, the Organizational Revenge Intention Scale (ORIS), and the Organizational Justice Perception Scale (OJPS). Institutional permissions and ethics committee permissions were obtained for the research. Data were collected from June 2015 to March 2016. Data were analyzed using the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient, frequency and percentage distribution, descriptive statistics, Pearson Product-Moment correlation analysis, Simple Linear Regression analysis, and t-test. Results: As a result of the evaluation of the research data, it was determined that nurses perceived injustice in 'distribution justice,' but their organizational revenge intentions were low. In addition, it was determined that there was a negative relationship between all dimensions of nurses' perception of organizational justice and organizational revenge intention, especially 'interactional justice' and general organizational justice perception and organizational revenge intention. It was revealed that the interactional justice perceived by the nurses was effective on their organizational revenge intention by 2% and the general organizational justice perception by 1%. Conclusions: As a result of the research, it was revealed that the perception of organizational justice has a very low effect on the organizational revenge intention of nurses.
Montelukast-induced neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have been reported in retrospective studies. This study aimed to reveal the neuropsychiatric ADRs triggered in patients taking ...montelukast due to asthma in real time, and to evaluate the effect of these ADRs on quality of life (QoL).
Patients, ages 3-18 years, taking montelukast for the first time and their parents were included. Ages 3-7 years were defined as the preschool and ages 8-18 years as the school-age group. At the beginning of the study and at the end of the second week of treatment, the neuropsychiatric complaint assessment questionnaire and the KINDL QoL scale were administered to patients and their parents. The effect of ADRs on the decrease in QoL was evaluated by multivariable logistic regression.
Neuropsychiatric ADRs were reported in 78 (62.4%) of 125 patients, who recovered when the drug was discontinued. Temperamental behavior, nightmares and sleep disorders occurred significantly more often in both groups compared with pretreatment (p < 0.001 for each). In both groups, except in the child-reported family relationships subscale in the school-age group, significant decreases were found in both child and parent proxy-reported QoL total/sub-scores compared with pretreatment (p˂0.001 for each). It was found in the evaluation that the overall QoL of those experiencing ADRs in both age groups was more affected. (Child-reported QoL OR
preschool age
=2.66, p = 0.048; OR
school-age
=5.95, p = 0.027; parent-proxy QoL OR
preschool age
=3.52, p = 0.010, OR
school-age
=6.43, p = 0.027)
Montelukast-induced neuropsychiatric ADRs are more frequent than reported in the literature and negatively impact children's QoL.
Exercise studies in neuromuscular diseases like spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a devastating disease caused by survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene mutations, are drawing attention due to its ...beneficial effects. In this study, we presented a constructed arm cycling exercise protocol and evaluated the benefits on SMA patients. Five SMA type II patients performed 12 weeks of supervised arm cycling exercise. The physical functions were evaluated together with the SMN2 copy numbers, SMN protein levels, insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1) and binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) levels. The active cycling distance and duration of patients significantly improved. Significant changes could not have detected either SMN or IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels in response to exercise. The findings demonstrated that the patients tolerated the exercise protocol and gained a benefit from arm cycling but benefits could not be associated with SMN2 copy number, SMN protein level, IGF1, or IGFBP3 levels.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
ABSTRACT In recent years, the investigation of peptide and protein-structured hormones in biological fluids has become one of the most striking issues. The aim of this study was to determine irisin, ...asprosin, leptin, adiponectin, and IGF-1 levels in cows and calves after calving according to the mode of delivery. The study was carried out with 20 Holstein cows and 20 calves born from these cows. Blood samples were taken from cows and calves in all groups during birth, after drinking colostrum from calves and on the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th days after birth in 10 ml tubes. The levels of the aforementioned molecules in these blood samples were determined by ELISA method. Feeding with colostrum led to a decrease in the irisin levels in the dystocia and cesarean section groups and in the IGF-1 levels in the vaginal delivery group, but it did not lead to any other significant changes. The irisin levels of the calves in the vaginal delivery group were compared to those in the other groups, and their levels were found to decrease on the 15th day, and IGF-1 levels were higher on the 15th day. As a result, it was revealed that there were significant changes in the levels of these molecules in the umbilical cord and blood serum of cows and calves depending on the mode of delivery.
In contrast to humans and other mammals, zebrafish can successfully regenerate and remyelinate central nervous system (CNS) axons following injury. In addition to common myelin proteins found in ...mammalian myelin, 36K protein is a major component of teleost fish CNS myelin. Although 36K is one of the most abundant proteins in zebrafish brain, its function remains unknown. Here we investigate the function of 36K using translation‐blocking Morpholinos. Morphant larvae showed fewer dorsally migrated oligodendrocyte precursor cells as well as upregulation of Notch ligand. A gamma secretase inhibitor, which prevents activation of Notch, could rescue oligodendrocyte precursor cell numbers in 36K morphants, suggesting that 36K regulates initial myelination through inhibition of Notch signaling. Since 36K like other short chain dehydrogenases might act on lipids, we performed thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry of lipids and found changes in lipid composition in 36K morphant larvae. Altogether, we suggest that during early development 36K regulates membrane lipid composition, thereby altering the amount of transmembrane Notch ligands and the efficiency of intramembrane gamma secretase processing of Notch and thereby influencing oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and further myelination. Further studies on the role of 36K short chain dehydrogenase in oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation during remyelination might open up new strategies for remyelination therapies in human patients.
Main points
In developing zebrafish, 36K, a major CNS myelin protein, affects membrane lipid composition, hence altering the amount of Notch ligands and efficiency of gamma secretase processing Notch. Thereby 36K influences OPC differentiation and myelination.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study examined the effect of two different aerobic training modali-ties in a boy with spinal muscular atrophy type II. Motor functions were measured with Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale ...(HFMS) and Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Spirometry was utilized for assessing pulmonary functions and PedsQL 3.0 Neuromuscular module was utilized for quality of life of child. Ergometer training was applied 3 times per week for the duration of 12 weeks. After 6 weeks of wash-out period, aquatherapy was applied for twice a week for the duration of 12 weeks. HFMS and GMFM scores, and pulmonary functions of the child and quality of life scores of his parents were improved during both mo-dalities. These improvements were largely maintained during 1-year follow-up. This study showed that both modalities had similar effects on our case’s pulmonary, motor functions and quality life of himself and parents. It will be a guide for researchers working in the area of chil-dren with neuromuscular disorders regarding plan and diversification of therapy program.
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