This study applies the augmented mean group (AMG) estimation technique to investigate whether institutional quality and FDI contribute to economic growth and environmental quality in emerging Asian ...oil-producing and non-oil-producing countries during the period 1975–2020. The estimation of AMG strategy indicates that for every 1% increase in FDI, institutional quality and carbon emissions can significantly boost economic growth by 0.882%, 0.659%, and 0.605%, respectively. Likewise, trade liberalization, transport infrastructure and urbanization can significantly boost economic growth. Long-term variable elasticity coefficients based on carbon emissions model suggest that FDI can stimulate carbon emissions, thereby validating the Pollution Heaven Hypothesis (PHH) in selected panel of countries. Institutional quality has a significant negative impact on carbon emissions, while GDP, trade openness, urbanization, and investment in transport infrastructure contribute significantly to carbon dioxide emissions. Country wise estimates of the AMG strategy show that the institutional quality of oil-producing countries has no significant impact on economic growth, but does boost economic growth in non-oil producing countries. The quality of institutions in both non-oil and oil-producing countries can significantly reduce carbon emissions. FDI stimulates economic growth in oil-producing countries compared to non-oil-producing countries. However, FDI contributes significantly to both oil and non-oil-producing CO2 emissions, thus validating PHH. Controlling factors such as economic growth increase significantly to CO2 emissions in oil-producing countries, while, CO2 emissions from petro-states stimulate more to economic growth than non-petroleum states. The impact of trade liberalization on economic growth is significantly positive in both oil and non-oil-producing countries, but the contribution of non-oil-producing economies is higher than that of oil-producing countries. Compared with non-oil producing countries, trade liberalization in oil-producing countries contributes more to carbon emissions. Investment in transportation infrastructure significantly boosted economic growth in both oil and non-oil producing countries, but oil producing countries contributed more than non-oil producing countries. A range of policy proposals were discussed to achieve economic and environmental sustainability.
Vocal cord polyp is common otorhinolaryngological disease, traditionally treated by vocal cord polypectomy under a supporting laryngoscope with general anaesthesia. Although it is safe and ...controllable, it would cause some anaesthesia complications. Moreover, the complex process of general anaesthesia may significantly reduce surgical efficiency. Avoiding these problems remains an important issue.
All patients were subjected to the standard non-intubated deep paralysis (NIDP) protocol consisting of four phases. An emergency plan was launched when NIDP cannot be implemented successfully. Patient characteristics, blood gas and monitoring data were collected during NIDP. Data concerning satisfaction, complications and duration of anaesthesia and recovery were collected to assess its effectiveness.
Among 20 enrolled patients, the success rate of NIDP was 95%. Only one patient failed in completing NIDP. Blood gas analysis revealed that the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide was maintained at safe levels. Monitoring during NIDP revealed fluctuations in mean arterial pressure between 110 and 70 mmHg, and the heart rate was stable at 60-100 beats per minute. The duration of anaesthesia and postoperative recovery were 13.0 ± 2.84 and 5.47 ± 1.97 min, respectively. All patients and surgeons were satisfied with NIDP, and no complications were detected before discharge.
NIDP can be safely applied to patients and can replace general anaesthesia in vocal cord polypectomy. It can significantly reduce the duration of anaesthesia and postoperative recovery. No anaesthesia complications occurred without intubation, and patients and surgeons were satisfied with NIDP.
This single-centre, prospective study was registered on clinicaltrial.gov (NCT04247412) on 30
July 2020.
This study aims to explore the relationship between renewable energy consumption, non-renewable energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth in China, India, Bangladesh, Japan, ...South Korea and Singapore using panel Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimation techniques over the period 1975–2020. The results of the analysis show that renewable energy consumption, non-renewable energy consumption, employed labor force, and capital formation contribute significantly to long-run economic growth. The study also found that non-renewable energy consumption significantly increased long-term carbon emissions, while renewable energy consumption significantly reduced long-term carbon emissions. GDP and GDP 3 have a significant positive impact on environmental degradation, while GDP 2 has a significant negative impact on environmental degradation, thereby validating the N-type EKC hypothesis in selected emerging economies. The countrywise AMG strategy records no EKC in India and Bangladesh, an inverted U-shaped EKC in China and Singapore, and an N-shaped EKC in Japan and South Korea. Empirical evidence from the Dumitrescue-Hurlin (2012) panel causality test shows that there is a two-way causality between renewable energy consumption and economic growth, supporting the feedback hypothesis. Strategically, empirical evidence suggests that higher renewable energy is a viable strategy for addressing energy security and reducing carbon emissions to protect the environment and promote future economic growth in selected Asian countries.
With the increasing amount of geriatric surgery, it has become a great challenge for anesthesiologists to reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). The two most popular ...airway management methods, laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and endotracheal intubation (ETI), both have their unique advantages in specific clinical settings. For the purpose of helping clinicians make better decisions on airway management during geriatric surgery, we designed this multi-center clinical trial to compare the influence of LMA and ETI on PPCs.
In this multi-center, randomized, parallel clinical trial, a total of 6000 elderly patients, aged ≥ 70 years, with an American Society of Anesthesiologists classification level of 1-2 and a body mass index ≤ 35 kg/m
, undergoing elective surgery will be enrolled and randomized into the LMA or the ETI group. Both groups will receive usual perioperative care except for the adoption of LMA/ETI. Primary outcomes are the occurrence of PPCs and patients' perioperative mortality rates. Ease of intubation, anesthetics consumption, treatment for PPCs, duration of surgery, anesthesia recovery time and performance, time of PPC onset, postanesthesia care unit stay, intensive care unit admission and stay, in-hospital days, re-admission rates, hospitalization cost, and patients' satisfactory scores will be secondary outcomes. Follow-up will be conducted through phone-call visits until 12 weeks after discharge.
This trial will assess the possible benefits or disadvantages of perioperative LMA use in elderly patients compared with ETI regarding the occurrence of PPCs and clinical prognosis. We expect that this trial will also add to the current understanding of PPCs in geriatric populations and contribute to the international recommendations of geriatric surgery management.
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02240901 . Registered on 16 September 2014.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The study tests the connection between green financing and wind power energy generation during the COVID-19 crisis. The study tested the relationship between the variables using the Kalman approach, ...Hansen technique and sensitivity analysis using matrix component factors. The findings revealed that wind power energy consumption had increased quickly in past times due to its input nature for biofuel production. However, the capability of onshore and offshore wind power production grew by 7% in COVID-19 with the role of green financing in the wind power sector. Moreover, green financing enhances the demands on wind generators and energy converters' usage and dependability by 26%. For this, a 39% increase in green financing is noticed by the research findings during the COVID-19 crisis period. Such robust study findings present the latest insights that green financing is an eminent and viable source of financing to enhance wind power energy generation. Following these, multiple research implications are also presented for the key stakeholders.
•Green financing has a heterogeneous effect on wind power generation sources in China.•The elasticity of green financing significantly effects the wind power energy generation.•Green financing is viable sources to cover the cost of wind power energy generation and distribution.•The responsiveness of the green financing depends upon the magnitude of the wind power energy generation and distribution.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Capability of energy absorption in sandwich curved high-order beam structures is investigated in this study. The structure is composed of two surrounding piezoelectric layers with a composite core on ...a viscoelastic foundation. The composite core is made of carbon nanotube reinforced epoxy with 3 different patterns. Equivalent composite material properties are obtained utilizing Halpin-Tsai approach. Moreover, scale effects in this nano-composite is introduced using modified coupled stress theory (MCS) and the governing equations are derived employing Hamilton's principle. Generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) along with Newmark-beta are used as a high performance and suitable method to numerically obtain time response of the system. In addition, artificial neural network is employed to overcome the complexity in formulation and solving differential equations with extremely lower computational costs. Utilization of ANN requires a valid dataset from experimental or numerical analyses. This dataset is collected from the numerical results in this study. The results are validated by comparing outcomes of the vibrational and damping responses of the present structure with results of a published study in this field. Afterwards, a detailed displacement–time analysis is presented for the current structure. In addition, the ANN shows capability of presenting high accuracy results to predict the amplitude, damping and frequency responses of the current structure in new loading and boundary conditions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In our study, in terms of performance evaluation methods, the performance evaluation algorithm based on genetic algorithm and fuzzy comprehensive performance evaluation algorithm is introduced, their ...advantages and disadvantages are compared and analyzed, and the design idea of fuzzy performance evaluation algorithm based on compound elements is proposed. It can be divided into seven steps: first, clarify the evaluation purpose and object; second, select the optimal evaluation mode and method; third, compile the evaluation index system; fourth, it is to collect information extensively; fifth, the evaluation adopts a variety of methods, multiple angles, and multiple sides to collect materials so that the conclusion of the evaluation has sufficient factual basis; the sixth is to process the information and make a comprehensive evaluation; the seventh is to analyze the results and write an evaluation report. Based on the existing algorithms, the fuzzy performance evaluation algorithm based on compound elements is studied, and the detailed design of the algorithm is presented. Through the comparison and analysis of the performance evaluation algorithm based on compound elements and the performance evaluation algorithm of specific elements, the superiority of the performance evaluation algorithm based on compound elements is experimentally verified by comparing the operation time and classification accuracy. The performance evaluation system based on the performance evaluation algorithm designed in this study, combined with the official business of the performance evaluation system, modularizes the administrative management activities of the enterprise, digitizes the electronic office information, and conducts in-depth exploration of the unstructured natural language. A real-time performance evaluation system based on the arrangement of corporate administrative activities has been established. By designing and implementing a performance-assisted analysis system based on text content analysis, which is suitable for performance evaluation systems, it solves the imperfect problem of performance evaluation based on electronic enterprise administrative management.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Stroke is followed by an intricate immune interaction involving the engagement of multiple immune cells, including neutrophils. As one of the first responders recruited to the brain, the crucial ...roles of neutrophils in the ischemic brain damage are receiving increasing attention in recent years. Notably, neutrophils are not homogenous, and yet there is still a lack of full knowledge about the extent and impact of neutrophil heterogeneity. The biological understanding of the neutrophil response to both innate and pathological conditions is rapidly evolving as single-cell-RNA sequencing uncovers overall neutrophil profiling across maturation and differentiation contexts. In this review, we scrutinize the latest research that points to the multifaceted role of neutrophils in different conditions and summarize the regulatory signals that may determine neutrophil diversity. In addition, we list several potential targets or therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophils to limit brain damage following ischemic stroke.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this work, n-ZnO nanorod arrays (NRA)/MgZnO/p-GaN heterojunction light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were successfully prepared. Au nanoparticles (NPs) were introduced in a simple and stable method to ...improve ultraviolet electroluminescence efficiency of the ZnO NRA. Although Au NPs are commonly seen as a factor to form localized surface plasmons resonance coupling effect in the visible region, ultraviolet electroluminescence enhancement of ZnO NRA was observed in this work. Importantly, the enhancement performance can be dominated by the position of Au NPs relative to ZnO nanorods driven by the external electric field. Au NPs located at the top of ZnO nanorods promise the additional exciton relaxation channels. As a result, the ZnO ultraviolet near-band-edge (NBE) emission efficiency is improved by 4 times in the Au NPs modified devices. This enhancement process provides a new approach to design efficient UV ZnO-based LEDs.
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•ZnO NRA were grown by seed method to fabricate n-ZnO/MgZnO/p-GaN heterojunction LEDs.•EL peaks are modulated by interfacial Au nanoparticles upon ZnO NRA.•Enhancement mechanism has been attributed to the faster exciton decay channel.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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