The quench nozzles (Hastelloy C-276) installed in the firebox of an incinerator in the EDC unit of a Saudi petrochemical plant experienced frequent premature failures. One damaged quench nozzle (male ...and female parts), therefore, was investigated by chemical analysis, optical microscopy, and EDS techniques in order to find out the cause and preventive solutions. The study indicates that the quench nozzle was corroded likely due to hydrochloric acid (HCl) formed in the hot service following the failure of the refractory lining. The presence of both moisture and chloride (from EDC) made HCl formation possible. Upgrading the construction material to Alloy C-59 is recommended. Alternatively, ceramic coatings of SiC can be applied.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Through the lens of institutional economics, this paper reviews the reform and development experience in China's rural forest sector and discusses lessons that can be learned by China and other ...countries. We find that the impacts of the reforms, characterized by changes in forest tenures and market settings, hinge on how they are implemented. If farmers are granted not only land use rights but also liberalized market access, as shown in the northern farm region and the production of non-timber forest products, the incentive structure will be improved, and thus forest production will grow and producers and consumers will benefit. If the reforms are implemented in such a way as to cause market control and distortions, as witnessed in the southern traditional timber production region, the incentive structure will improve little. The chances for production increase will thus be diminished, making it difficult for producers and consumers to enhance their welfare. While tenure arrangements have evolved across the country in the 1990s, timber production in the south remains subject to allowable quota, cutting permit, government procurement, and heavy taxation. We wonder what the land use and tree ownership rights mean without the right to access market freely and fairly, and how practical it is to substitute government efforts for private initiatives in a successful forestry program. The time has come for Chinese policymakers to address these problems. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Compared with other methods, scanning electron acoustic microscope (SEAM) is a convenient, fast and nondestructive technique revealing ferroelectric domain without any special pre-treatment to the ...sample. It is also a promising technique for the dynamic study of domain structure of ferroelectric materials. In the initial research, detailed images of rearrangement of domains in BaTiO
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ceramics induced by an external electric field were obtained. The results are discussed.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) has been implicated in development of autoimmune disorders in rodent and DCIR polymorphisms were associated with anti-citrullinated proteins antibodies ...(ACPA)-negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Swedish Caucasians. This study was undertaken to further investigate whether DCIR polymorphisms are also risk factors for the development of RA in four Asian populations originated from China and Malaysia.
We genotyped two DCIR SNPs rs2377422 and rs10840759 in Han Chinese population (1,193 cases, 1,278 controls), to assess their association with RA. Subsequently, rs2377422 was further genotyped in three independent cohorts of Malaysian-Chinese subjects (MY_Chinese, 254 cases, 206 controls), Malay subjects (MY_ Malay, 515 cases, 986 controls), and Malaysian-Indian subjects (MY_Indian, 378 cases, 285 controls), to seek confirmation of association in various ethnic groups. Meta-analysis was preformed to evaluate the contribution of rs2377422 polymorphisms to the development of ACPA-negative RA in distinct ethnic groups. Finally, we carried out association analysis of rs2377422 polymorphisms with DCIR mRNA expression levels.
DCIR rs2377422 was found to be significantly associated with ACPA -negative RA in Han Chinese (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.27-2.90, P=0.0020). Meta-analysis confirms DCIR rs2377422 as a risk factor for ACPA-negative RA across distinct ethnic groups (OR(overall) =1.17, 95% CI 1.06-1.30, P=0.003). The SNP rs2377422 polymorphism showed significant association with DCIR mRNA expression level, i.e. RA-risk CC genotype exhibit a significant increase in the expression of DCIR (P=0.0023, Kruskal-Wallis).
Our data provide evidence for association between DCIR rs2377422 and RA in non-Caucasian populations and confirm the influence of DCIR polymorphisms on RA susceptibility, especially on ACPA-negative RA.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper, we extend previous work that modeled the impact of evolving prices and costs to evaluate the full range of rotation length and input changes resulting from changing prices and costs. ...Our model suggests that if prices and costs change at the same rate, then production decisions are invariant. Any specific proportionate rate of change in prices and costs acts as an adjustment factor on the discount rate which corresponds to a constant rotation length. We also find that in the normal range of changes, namely, rates of any change less than the discount rate, the following results hold: if prices rise faster than costs, then the rotation length becomes shorter and establishment inputs increase; on the other hand, if costs rise faster than prices, then the optimal harvest age becomes longer and stand establishment inputs are reduced. These results not only extend and generalize those derived by McConnell et al. and Newman et al., but also further demonstrate the robustness of the Faustmann model
Ten cases of endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) were diagnosed with angiocardiography in showing a huge right atrium' tricuspid regurgitation and obliteration of right ventricular apex. The diagnosis was ...confirmed in 9 of them pathologically after right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) in showing striking thickening of endocardium with presence of fibrosis. The remaining case was not confirmed with EMB. It is concluded that EMB is a quite useful method in the diagnosis of EMF. The cause of misdiagnosis in the tenth case was discussed.
碩士
國立屏東大學
企業管理學系碩士班
105
The health food products have been gaining popularity, and therefore governments in many countries give high regards to this industry, regulating health food products by ...legislation. With the rapid growth of global population, the demand in health food products increase as well, which lead to the development of health food product consumer. Governments has hence difficulties to control the fast developing industry, leaving many merchants to send false information to the consumers. However, many consumers are willing to take chances even they have doubt on the effect of the products.
This research focuses on the relationships between purchasing intension and health awareness, product knowledge, perceived value and perceived risk to find out the influencing factors to consumers. The research is based on 200 samples of consumers that have taken any health food products from the following list: 1.vitamin 2. calcium tablet 3. lutein 4. fish oil 5. enzymes, lactic acid bacteria, probiotics.
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