Background
Ovarian cancer is one of the three major malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, and the mortality associated with ovarian cancer ranks first among gynecologic malignant ...tumors. The pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is not yet clearly defined but elucidating this process would be of great significance for clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. For this study, we used bioinformatics to identify the key pathogenic genes and reveal the potential molecular mechanisms of ovarian cancer; we used immunohistochemistry to validate them.
Methods
We analyzed and integrated four gene expression profiles (GSE14407, GSE18520, GSE26712, and GSE54388), which were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, with the aim of obtaining a common differentially expressed gene (DEG). Then, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). We then established a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs through the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database and selected hub genes. Finally, survival analysis of the hub genes was performed using a Kmplotter online tool.
Results
A total of 226 DEGs were detected after the analysis of the four gene expression profiles; of these, 87 were upregulated genes and 139 were downregulated. GO analysis results showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes including the G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle, the apoptotic process, cell proliferation, blood coagulation, and positive regulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. KEGG analysis results showed that DEGs were particularly enriched in the cell cycle, the p53 signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, the Ras signaling pathway, the Rap1 signaling pathway, and tyrosine metabolism. We selected 50 hub genes from the PPI network, which had 147 nodes and 655 edges, and 30 of them were associated with the prognosis of ovarian cancer. We performed immunohistochemistry on phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1). PSAT1 was highly expressed in cancer tissues, and its expression level was related to clinical stage and tissue differentiation in ovarian cancer. A Cox proportional risk model suggested that high expression of PSAT1 and late clinical stage were independent risk factors for survival and prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.
Conclusion
The detection of DEGs using bioinformatics analysis might be crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, especially the molecular mechanisms of its development. The association between PSAT1 expression and the occurrence, development, and prognosis of ovarian cancer was further verified by immunohistochemistry. The PSAT1 expression can be used as a prognostic marker to provide a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.
We used bioinformatics methods to integrate multiple ovarian cancer data sets in the Gene Expression Omnibus database to find core genes involved in the development of ovarian cancer. The Kaplan–Meier plotter and Oncomine databases were used to verify the prognosis and expression of the research gene phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1). The expression of PSAT1 in ovarian cancer was further verified by immunohistochemistry and its relationships with clinical pathological parameters and survival prognosis of ovarian cancer were analyzed. PSAT1 expression associates with distinct patterns of genomic alterations and biological process were performed to explore the possible mechanisms of PSAT1 in tumorigenesis. In future studies, we will further verify the biological behavior and molecular mechanism of PSAT1 in ovarian cancer cells by cytology experiments.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
The research field of oxide heteroepitaxy suffers from the characteristics of misfit strain and substrate clamping, hampering the optimization of performance and the gain of fundamental ...understanding of oxide systems. Recently, there are demonstrations on functional oxides epitaxially fabricated on layered muscovite substrate. In these heterostructures, due to the weak interaction between substrate and film, they show the lattice of films close to bulk with excellent strictive properties, suggesting that these critical problems can be potentially solved by van der Waals oxide heteroepitaxy. In addition, by exploiting the transparent and flexible features of muscovite, such a heteroepitaxy can deliver new material solutions to transparent soft technology. In this paper, the history, development, and current status of van der Waals oxide heteroepitaxy are addressed and discussed. In the end, new research directions in terms of fundamental study and practical application are proposed to highlight the importance of this research field.
Ergothioneine (EGT) has a unique antioxidant ability and diverse beneficial effects on human health. But the content of EGT is very low in its natural producing organisms such as Mycobacterium ...smegmatis and mushrooms. Therefore, it is necessary to highly efficient heterologous production of EGT in food-grade yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two EGT biosynthetic genes were cloned from the mushroom Grifola frondosa and successfully heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118 strain in this study. By optimization of the fermentation conditions of the engineered strain S. cerevisiae EC1118, the 11.80 mg/L of EGT production was obtained. With daily addition of 1% glycerol to the culture medium in the fermentation process, the EGT production of the engineered strain S. cerevisiae EC1118 can reach up to 20.61 mg/L. A successful EGT de novo biosynthetic system of S. cerevisiae containing only two genes from mushroom Grifola frondosa was developed in this study. This system provides promising prospects for the large scales production of EGT for human health.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Pulmonary fibrosis is a major category of end-stage changes in lung diseases, characterized by lung epithelial cell damage, proliferation of fibroblasts, and accumulation of extracellular matrix. ...Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), a member of the peroxiredoxin protein family, participates in the regulation of the levels of reactive oxygen species in cells and various other physiological activities, as well as the occurrence and development of diseases by functioning as a chaperonin.
Experimental methods including MTT assay, morphological observation of fibrosis, wound healing assay, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA, western blot, transcriptome sequencing, and histopathological analysis were used in this study.
PRDX1 knockdown increased ROS levels in lung epithelial cells and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the PI3K/Akt and JNK/Smad signalling pathways. PRDX1 knockout significantly increased TGF-β secretion, ROS production, and cell migration in primary lung fibroblasts. PRDX1 deficiency also increased cell proliferation, cell cycle circulation, and fibrosis progression through the PI3K/Akt and JNK/Smad signalling pathways. BLM treatment induced more severe pulmonary fibrosis in PRDX1-knockout mice, mainly through the PI3K/Akt and JNK/Smad signalling pathways.
Our findings strongly suggest that PRDX1 is a key molecule in BLM-induced lung fibrosis progression and acts through modulating EMT and lung fibroblast proliferation; therefore, it may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of BLM-induced lung fibrosis.
Detectability of Discrete Event Systems Shu, Shaolong; Lin, Feng; Ying, Hao
IEEE transactions on automatic control,
12/2007, Volume:
52, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In this note, we investigate the detectability problem in discrete event systems. We assume that we do not know initially which state the system is in. The problem is to determine the current and ...subsequent states of the system based on a sequence of observations. The observation includes partial event observation and/or partial state observation, which leads to four possible cases. We further define four types of detectabilities: strong detectability, (weak) detectability, strong periodic detectability, and (weak) periodic detectability. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for these detectabilities. These conditions can be checked by constructing an observer, which models the estimation of states under different observations. The theory developed in this note can be used in feedback control and diagnosis. If the system is detectable, then the observer can be used as a diagnoser to diagnose the failure states of the system.
Digital twin (DT) is a core technology that enables the integration among physical machines, tools, material handling and warehousing, and real-time manufacturing decisions. In this study, a DT ...framework is proposed for the real-time monitoring of conventional machines to connect isolated machines to an interconnected system and monitor machine conditions in real-time. We implement a DT for a die cutting machine. A dashboard-based mission centre is created to display the real-time condition of the machine. The mission centre is composed of three main functions: real-time machine monitoring, overall equipment effectiveness, and order scheduling. Compared with existing approaches with a barrier of high investment and/or high design complexity, this study proposes an economic DT framework composed of conventional machine structure but has a tolerable level of industrial Internet of things capability.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Amorphous materials have attracted increasing attention in diverse fields due to their unique properties, yet their controllable fabrications still remain great challenges. Here, we demonstrate a ...top-down strategy for the fabrications of amorphous oxides through the amorphization of hydroxides. The versatility of this strategy has been validated by the amorphizations of unitary, binary and ternary hydroxides. Detailed characterizations indicate that the amorphization process is realized by the variation of coordination environment during thermal treatment, where the M-OH octahedral structure in hydroxides evolves to M-O tetrahedral structure in amorphous oxides with the disappearance of the M-M coordination. The optimal amorphous oxide (FeCoSn(OH)
-300) exhibits superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity in alkaline media, where the turnover frequency (TOF) value is 39.4 times higher than that of FeCoSn(OH)
. Moreover, the enhanced OER performance and the amorphization process are investigated with density functional theory (DFT) and molecule dynamics (MD) simulations. The reported top-down fabrication strategy for fabricating amorphous oxides, may further promote fundamental research into and practical applications of amorphous materials for catalysis.
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•Progress of NMR analysis in polysaccharide structure and conformation is summarized.•NMR spectra data of typical polysaccharides are collected.•NMR analysis in cell wall structure in ...situ and other applications are hotspots.•Challenges and perspertives of NMR analysis in polysaccharides are pointed out.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been widely used as an analytical chemistry technique to investigate the molecular structure and conformation of polysaccharides. Combined with 1D spectra, chemical shifts and coupling constants in both homo- and heteronuclear 2D NMR spectra are able to infer the linkage and sequence of sugar residues. Besides, NMR has also been applied in conformation, quantitative analysis, cell wall in situ, degradation, polysaccharide mixture interaction analysis, as well as carbohydrates impurities profiling. This review summarizes the principle and development of NMR in polysaccharides analysis, and provides NMR spectra data collections of some common polysaccharides. It will help to promote the application of NMR in complex polysaccharides of biochemical interest, and provide valuable information on commercial polysaccharide products.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature in multiferroic materials, such as BiFeO
3
, is one of the leading candidates to develop low-power spintronics and emerging memory technologies. ...Although extensive research activity has been devoted recently to exploring the physical properties, especially focusing on ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism in chemically modified BiFeO
3
, a concrete understanding of the magnetoelectric coupling is yet to be fulfilled. We have discovered that La substitutions at the Bi-site lead to a progressive increase in the degeneracy of the potential energy landscape of the BiFeO
3
system exemplified by a rotation of the polar axis away from the 〈111〉
pc
towards the 〈112〉
pc
discretion. This is accompanied by corresponding rotation of the antiferromagnetic axis as well, thus maintaining the right-handed vectorial relationship between ferroelectric polarization, antiferromagnetic vector and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya vector. As a consequence, La-BiFeO
3
films exhibit a magnetoelectric coupling that is distinctly different from the undoped BiFeO
3
films.
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