AbstractObjectiveTo study the clinical characteristics of patients in Zhejiang province, China, infected with the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) responsible for ...coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-2019).DesignRetrospective case series.SettingSeven hospitals in Zhejiang province, China.Participants62 patients admitted to hospital with laboratory confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infection. Data were collected from 10 January 2020 to 26 January 2020.Main outcome measuresClinical data, collected using a standardised case report form, such as temperature, history of exposure, incubation period. If information was not clear, the working group in Hangzhou contacted the doctor responsible for treating the patient for clarification.ResultsOf the 62 patients studied (median age 41 years), only one was admitted to an intensive care unit, and no patients died during the study. According to research, none of the infected patients in Zhejiang province were ever exposed to the Huanan seafood market, the original source of the virus; all studied cases were infected by human to human transmission. The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever in 48 (77%) patients, cough in 50 (81%), expectoration in 35 (56%), headache in 21 (34%), myalgia or fatigue in 32 (52%), diarrhoea in 3 (8%), and haemoptysis in 2 (3%). Only two patients (3%) developed shortness of breath on admission. The median time from exposure to onset of illness was 4 days (interquartile range 3-5 days), and from onset of symptoms to first hospital admission was 2 (1-4) days.ConclusionAs of early February 2020, compared with patients initially infected with SARS-Cov-2 in Wuhan, the symptoms of patients in Zhejiang province are relatively mild.
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BFBNIB, CMK, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for about 3% of tumors in adults as well as 85% of all primary renal carcinoma. And it is the third most predominant urological carcinoma, but it has ...the maximum mortality rate. Early diagnosis and proper follow‐up of ccRCC patients may improve the prognosis of the illness. Thus, it is imperative to understand the new biomarkers of ccRCC and study new method for the modern therapy of this deadly disease. Furthermore, a large number of microRNAs (miRNAs), small non‐coding RNAs, have been relevant to tumor type, stage, or survival and miRNAs might be progressed as the markers of diagnosis or prognosis in ccRCC. A growing body of data also advised the rationality of regarding miRNAs as therapeutic targets for ccRCC treatment. In this review, we tried to summarize biogenesis of miRNAs and their expression profiles, biological roles, and clinical implications in ccRCC.
In this review, we tried to summarize biogenesis of miRNAs and their expression profiles, biological roles, and clinical implications in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
One kind of particularly interesting pseudoscalar particles, called axion-like particles (ALPs), have rich physical phenomenology at high- and low-energy collider experiments. After discussing most ...of single production channels of ALP at electron-positron colliders, we investigate the possibility of detecting this kind of new particles through the W
+
W
-
fusion process e
+
e
-
→
ν
¯
e
ν
e
a
(
→
γ
γ
)
at the CLIC. The 3
σ
and 5
σ
bounds on the ALP parameter space at the three energy stages of the CLIC are obtained. We find that the bounds given by the CLIC are complementary to the existing experiments exclusion regions.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We investigated the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and its association with obesity and hypertension in a national sample of children and adolescents in China, where many low- and ...middle-income families live. Data were obtained from a 2014 national intervention program against obesity in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured. Information of SSB consumption, socioeconomic status, dietary intake, screen time, and physical activity were self-reported. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association of SSB consumption with obesity and hypertension. A total of 66.6% of the 53,151 participants reported consuming SSB. The per capita and per consumer SSB intake were 2.84 ± 5.26 servings/week and 4.26 ± 5.96 servings/week, respectively. Boys, older children, and adolescents, and individuals with long screen time or high physical activity or low parental education level were more likely to consume SSB. Participants who were high SSB consumers had a higher odds ratio (1.133, 95% CI: 1.054-1.217) than non-consumers for having abdominal obesity after adjustment for age, sex, residence, socioeconomic status, diet, screen time, and physical activity. However, SSB consumption was not associated with general obesity or hypertension in children and adolescents. In conclusion, more than half of the children and adolescents in China consumed SSB, which was independently related to a high risk of abdominal obesity. The results of this study indicated that SSB reduction strategies and policies may be useful in preventing obesity among Chinese children and adolescents.
Background
High blood pressure (BP) is a common risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease including white matter hyperintensity (WMH). Whether increased BP exacerbates WMH by impacting cerebral ...vascular morphologies remains poorly studied.
Purpose
To determine the relationships among high BP, cerebrovascular morphologies, and WMH in elderly individuals.
Study Type
Cohort.
Subjects
Eight hundred sixty‐three participants (54.2% female) from the Taizhou Imaging Study without clinical evidence of neurologic disorders were included in the analyses.
Field Strength/Sequence
3.0 T; time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF MRA); T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR); T1 magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo; gradient echo T2*‐weighted; diffusion tensor imaging; pulsed arterial spin labeling.
Assessment
Cerebrovascular morphologic measurements were quantified based on the TOF MRA images, including vessel density, radius, tortuosity, and branch number. WMH lesion volumes (WMHV) and WMH lesion counts (WMHC) were calculated automatically based on the T2 FLAIR images.
Statistical Tests
Multivariable linear regression analysis and path analysis with a linear single‐mediator model were employed. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Higher BP, especially diastolic BP, was significantly correlated with lower cerebrovascular density (β = −104) and lower branch numbers (β = −0.02). Although decreased tortuosity (β = −1.25) and increased radius (β = 93.8) were correlated with BP, no significant relationship of tortuosity (β = −4.6 × 10−4, P = 0.58) or radius (β = 0.03, P = 0.08) with BP in small vessels was found. The proportion of small vessels decreased as BP increased (SBP: β = −6.6 × 10−4; DBP: β = −9.0 × 10−4). Similarly, increased WMHV and WMHC were associated with decreased vessel density (volumes: β = −24, counts: β = −127), decreased tortuosity (volumes: β = −0.08, counts: β = −0.53), and increased radius (volumes: β = 12.6, counts: β = 86.6). Path analyses suggested an association between high BP and WMHs that were mediated by cerebrovascular morphologic changes.
Data Conclusion
Structural alterations of cerebral vessels induced by high BP are correlated with WMH. This result suggested that elevated BP might be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms involving in the co‐occurrence of cerebrovascular alteration and small vessel disease.
Level of Evidence: 1
Technical Efficacy Stage: 1
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Plant hormones regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Both auxin and cytokinin have been known for a long time to act either synergistically or antagonistically to control several ...significant developmental processes, such as the formation and maintenance of meristem. Over the past few years, exciting progress has been made to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the auxin-cytokinin action and interaction. In this review, we shall briefly discuss the major progress made in auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis, auxin transport, and auxin and cytokinin signaling. The frameworks for the complicated interaction of these two hormones in the control of shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem formation as well as their roles in in vitro organ regeneration are the major focus of this review.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Achilles tendinopathy is one of the most frequently ankle and foot overuse injuries, which is a clinical syndrome characterized by the combination of pain, swelling, and impaired performance. The two ...main categories of Achilles tendinopathy are classified according to anatomical location and broadly include insertional and noninsertional tendinopathy. The etiology of Achilles tendinopathy is multifactorial including both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Failed healing response and degenerative changes were found in the tendon. The failed healing response includes three different and continuous stages (reactive tendinopathy, tendon disrepair, and degenerative tendinopathy). The histological studies have demonstrated an increased number of tenocytes and concentration of glycosaminoglycans in the ground substance, disorganization and fragmentation of the collagen, and neovascularization. There are variable conservative and surgical treatment options for Achilles tendinopathy. However, there has not been a gold standard of these treatments because of the controversial clinical results between various studies. In the future, new level I researches will be needed to prove the effect of these treatment options.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Purpose
The phase mismatch between odd and even echoes in EPI causes Nyquist ghost artifacts. Existing ghost correction methods often suffer from severe residual artifacts and are ineffective with ...k‐space undersampling data. This study proposed a deep learning–based method (PEC‐DL) to correct phase errors for DWI at 7 Tesla.
Methods
The acquired k‐space data were divided into 2 independent undersampled datasets according to their readout polarities. Then the proposed PEC‐DL network reconstructed 2 ghost‐free images using the undersampled data without calibration and navigator data. The network was trained with fully sampled images and applied to two‐ and fourfold accelerated data. Healthy volunteers and patients with Moyamoya disease were recruited to validate the efficacy of the PEC‐DL method.
Results
The PEC‐DL method was capable to mitigate the ghost artifacts in DWI in healthy volunteers as well as patients with Moyamoya disease. The fourfold accelerated results showed much less distortion in the lesions of the Moyamoya patient using high b‐value DWI and the corresponding ADC maps. The ghost‐to‐signal ratios were significantly lower in PEC‐DL images compared to conventional linear phase corrections, mini‐entropy, and PEC‐GRAPPA algorithms.
Conclusion
The proposed method can effectively eliminate ghost artifacts for full sampled and up to fourfold accelerated EPI data without calibration and navigator data.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The development of heterogeneous catalysts for promoting epoxide cycloaddition with carbon dioxide is highly desirable for recycling CO
2
and achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. Herein, we ...designed and synthesized Zr-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) by implanting functional guanidyl into the framework
via
mixing different molar ratios of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid (Gua) with 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC). Consequently, a small sized Zr-MOF (∼350 nm) can be prepared by implanting Gua with 20% molar ligands, denoted as UiO-66-Gua
0.2
(
s
). Compared to large sized and different guanidyl Zr-MOFs, UiO-66-Gua
0.2
(
s
) exhibited an optimal activity on catalyzing epoxide cycloaddition with CO
2
in the presence of the Bu
4
NBr cocatalyst. A yield of 97% for the product of chloropropene carbonate was achieved at 90 °C under 1 atm CO
2
. The great performance of UiO-66-Gua
0.2
(
s
) might be attributed to the synergistic effect of guanidyl groups as hydrogen-bond donors and Zr centers acting as Lewis-acidic sites. In addition, the heterogeneous catalyst of UiO-66-Gua
0.2
(
s
) exhibited a great versatility towards converting other epoxides and a satisfactory recyclability for five consecutive runs. Moreover, a plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed for UiO-66-Gua
0.2
(
s
) in promoting CO
2
epoxide cycloaddition reactions.
The guanidyl-modified UiO-66 exhibited great activity for epoxide-CO
2
cycloaddition with Bu
4
NBr cocatalyst, attributed to the synergistic effect of guanidyl groups as hydrogen-bond donors and Zr centers as Lewis-acidic sites.
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (a serine/threonine protein kinase) is a major repressor of autophagy, a cell survival mechanism. The specific in vivo mechanism of mTOR signalling in OA ...pathophysiology is not fully characterised. We determined the expression of mTOR and known autophagy genes in human OA cartilage as well as mouse and dog models of experimental OA. We created cartilage-specific mTOR knockout (KO) mice to determine the specific role of mTOR in OA pathophysiology and autophagy signalling in vivo.
Inducible cartilage-specific mTOR KO mice were generated and subjected to mouse model of OA. Human OA chondrocytes were treated with rapamycin and transfected with Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) siRNA to determine mTOR signalling.
mTOR is overexpressed in human OA cartilage as well as mouse and dog experimental OA. Upregulation of mTOR expression co-relates with increased chondrocyte apoptosis and reduced expression of key autophagy genes during OA. Subsequently, we show for the first time that cartilage-specific ablation of mTOR results in increased autophagy signalling and a significant protection from destabilisation of medial meniscus (DMM)-induced OA associated with a significant reduction in the articular cartilage degradation, apoptosis and synovial fibrosis. Furthermore, we show that regulation of ULK1/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway by mTOR may in part be responsible for regulating autophagy signalling and the balance between catabolic and anabolic factors in the articular cartilage.
This study provides a direct evidence of the role of mTOR and its downstream modulation of autophagy in articular cartilage homeostasis.
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