Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and viscosity play vital roles in the cellular environment as signaling molecule and microenvironment parameter, respectively, and are associated with many physiological and ...pathological processes in biological systems. We developed a near-infrared fluorescent probe, CQ, which performed colorimetric and ratiometric detection of H2O2 and viscosity based on the FRET mechanism, and was capable of monitoring changes in viscosity and H2O2 levels simultaneously through two different channels. Based on the specific reaction of H2O2 with borate ester, CQ exhibited a significant ratiometric response to H2O2 with a large Stokes shift of 221 nm, a detection limit of 0.87 μM, a near-infrared emission wavelength of 671 nm, a response time of 1 h, a wide detection ranges of 0.87–800 μM and a high energy transfer efficiency of 99.9 %. CQ could also recognize viscosity by the TICT mechanism, and efficiently detect viscosity changes caused by food thickeners. More importantly, CQ could successfully detect endogenous/exogenous H2O2 and viscosity in live HeLa cells, which was expected to be a practical tool for detecting H2O2 and viscosity in live cells.
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•A strong NIR probe CQ was designed for detection of H2O2 and viscosity.•CQ had a 99.9 % energy transfer efficiency and large Stokes shift of 221 nm.•CQ possessed high sensitivity and selectivity toward hydrogen peroxide.•CQ achieved the dual colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent strategy.•CQ achieved the detection of exogenous and endogenous H2O2 and viscosity in cells.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A series of diethylene glycol tethered bis‐istain derivatives 4 a‐o were designed, synthesized and screened for their biological activities in this paper. Eight bis‐isatin derivatives displayed ...broad‐spectrum activities against all tested drug‐sensitive and drug‐resistant cancer cells with IC50 in a range of 8.32 to 49.73 μM. The most active derivative 4 d was >2.5 folds more potent than etoposide against Hela, HCT‐116, A549 and drug‐resistant MCF‐7/DOX (Doxorubicin‐resistant MCF‐7) cells and was comparable to etoposide against DU145, SKOV3 and MCF‐7. Tubulin inhibitory results suggested that this kind of bis‐istain derivatives could exert their anti‐cancer activities through tubulin inhibition. The eight bis‐isatin derivatives with high anti‐tumor activity were selected for further screen to investigate their anti‐mycobacterial and anti‐HIV activities, but the majority of them only exhibited weak to moderate activities.
A series of diethylene glycol tethered bis‐istain derivatives were designed, synthesized and screened for their biological activities in this paper. Eight bis‐isatin derivatives displayed broad‐spectrum activity against all tested drug‐sensitive and drug‐resistant cancer cell lines, and tubulin inhibitory results suggested that this kind of bis‐istain derivatives could exert their anti‐cancer activities through tubulin inhibition. The eight bis‐isatin derivatives with high anti‐tumor activity were selected for further screened for their anti‐mycobacterial and anti‐HIV activities, but the majority of them only exhibited weak to moderate anti‐mycobacterial and anti‐HIV activities.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
ObjectiveAiming to investigate diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk factors and predictive models by machine learning using a large sample dataset.DesignRetrospective study based on a large sample and a ...high dimensional database.SettingA Chinese central tertiary hospital in Beijing.ParticipantsInformation on 32 452 inpatients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were retrieved from the electronic medical record system from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017.MethodsSixty variables (including demography information, physical and laboratory measurements, system diseases and insulin treatments) were retained for baseline analysis. The optimal 17 variables were selected by recursive feature elimination. The prediction model was built based on XGBoost algorithm, and it was compared with three other popular machine learning techniques: logistic regression, random forest and support vector machine. In order to explain the results of XGBoost model more visually, the Shapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) method was used.ResultsDR occurred in 2038 (6.28%) T2DM patients. The XGBoost model was identified as the best prediction model with the highest AUC (area under the curve value, 0.90) and showed that an HbA1c value greater than 8%, nephropathy, a serum creatinine value greater than 100 µmol/L, insulin treatment and diabetic lower extremity arterial disease were associated with an increased risk of DR. A patient’s age over 65 was associated with a decreased risk of DR.ConclusionsWith better comprehensive performance, XGBoost model had high reliability to assess risk indicators of DR. The most critical risk factors of DR and the cut-off of risk factors can be found by SHAP method to render the output of the XGBoost model clinically interpretable.
In order to improve the flame retardancy of knitted cotton fabrics and investigate the flame-retardant mechanism of the system formed by ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and chitosan (CS), ...flame-retardant knitted cotton fabrics coated with APP and CS were successfully prepared by layer by layer assembly. APP and CS formed the intumescent flame-retardant system, in which CS acted as the carbon source agent and APP acted as both the acid source and foaming agent. The surface micromorphologies before and after flaming of coated knitted cotton fabrics were exploited by scanning electron microscopy. The flammability, combustion behaviors, thermal degradation properties and flame-retardant mechanism of this system were investigated by vertical burning test, cone calorimetry test and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared analysis in N
2
atmosphere, respectively. Compared with the control sample, the deposition of APP and CS endowed the knitted cotton fabrics with improved flame retardancy, higher residual chars, lower heat release rate and total heat release, while increased the smoke production. Improved flame-retardant behaviors are attributed to the thermally stable residual chars, more release of inflammable gases and potential free radical scavengers (PO·) in the gaseous products, named the combination of the condensed-phase and gaseous-phase flame-retardant mechanism.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A series of novel 1-arylmethyl-3-aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-carbohydrazide hydrazone derivatives were synthesized and the effects of all the compounds on A549 cell growth were investigated. The results ...showed that all compounds had almost inhibitory effects on the growth of A549 cells. The study on structure-activity relationships and prediction of lipophilicities of compounds showed that compounds with LogP values in the range of 4.12-6.80 had inhibitory effects on the growth of A549 cells, and among of them the hydrazone derived from salicylaldehyde had much more inhibitory effects.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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•Ratiometric fluorescent probe for detecting H2S.•NIR emission wavelength and high energy transfer efficiency.•Excellent sensitivity and selectivity.•Achieving the detection of ...exogenous and endogenous H2S in living cells.
Hydrogen sulfide is an important signaling molecule which plays a vital role in many biological processes. In this work, a novel near-infrared FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) fluorescent probe was developed based on the rhodol derivative to detect H2S. The ratio of fluorescent intensity with the concentration of H2S exhibited an excellent linear relationship when probe LT responded to H2S. Probe LT exhibited excellent selectivity, sensitivity and anti-interference. LT was applied to sense endogenous and exogenous H2S in cells with great performance. Moreover, LT had the ability to target endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in Hela cells.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
With the advent of an aging society, the incidence of dementia is increasing, resulting in a vast burden on society. It is increasingly acknowledged that neuroinflammation is implicated in ...various neurological diseases with cognitive dysfunction such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and central nervous system infections. As an important neuroinflammatory factor, interleukin-33 (IL-33) is highly expressed in various tissues and cells in the mammalian brain, where it plays a role in the pathogenesis of a number of central nervous system conditions. Reams of previous studies have shown that IL-33 has both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, playing dual roles in the progression of diseases linked to cognitive impairment by regulating the activation and polarization of immune cells, apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity. This article will summarize the current findings on the effects IL-33 exerts on cognitive function by regulating neuroinflammation, and attempt to explore possible therapeutic strategies for cognitive disorders based on the adverse and protective mechanisms of IL-33.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Anal pain and urinary retention are the two most outstanding complications of the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) surgery. This study intended to assess the clinical effect and mechanism ...of Prostant on urinary retention and anal pain after the PPH. Here, 30 patients received PPH surgery. The role and mechanism of Prostant in patients and mice with urinary retention and anal pain were evaluated. ANOVA tests were executed and differences between groups were regarded as statistically significant when p<0.05. Prostant effectively improved the urination status, lower abdomen symptoms, time to urinate and score of VAS, and the reduction of TNF-α and IL-6. Similarly, Prostant can ameliorate the outcome of urodynamics in urinary retention mice. Mechanically, Prostant reversed the urinary retention-elevated the serum level of hs-CRP and TNF-α, reduction of IL-2, imbalance of Treg/Th17, and level of JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3. Besides, Prostant ameliorated the pain as shown by the reduction of writhing response, and the elevation of threshold of pain and degree of swelling. Moreover, Prostant antagonized the pain-induced dysregulation of Treg/Th17. Therefore, Prostant can treat patients and mice with anal pain and urinary retention by modulating the balance of Th17/Treg to regulate the secretion and production of inflammatory factors. We hope our results can establish a scientific treatment approach for solving anal pain and urinary retention after PPH surgery of mixed hemorrhoids.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
A new mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe RBC, constructed using a coumarin moiety which was selected as the donor and a benzothiazole derivative as the acceptor, for SO
2
derivatives (HSO
3
−
.../SO
3
2−
) was presented. The probe designed on a new FRET platform showed high selectivity and a low detection limit. Importantly, the probe could respond to HSO
3
−
/SO
3
2−
within 35 s. Furthermore, the probe could target mitochondria and was successfully used for fluorescence imaging of endogenous bisulfite in HepG2 with low cytotoxicity, which significantly assisted in cancer diagnosis.
A new mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe RBC, constructed using a coumarin moiety which was selected as the donor and a benzothiazole derivative as the acceptor, for SO
2
derivatives (HSO
3
−
/SO
3
2−
) was presented.
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