Background
Pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID‐2019) shares overlapping signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging features with influenza A pneumonia. We aimed to identify ...their clinical characteristics to help early diagnosis.
Methods
We retrospectively retrieved data for laboratory‐confirmed patients admitted with COVID‐19–induced or influenza A–induced pneumonia from electronic medical records in Ningbo First Hospital, China. We recorded patients' epidemiological and clinical features, as well as radiologic and laboratory findings.
Results
The median age of influenza A cohort was higher and it exhibited higher temperature and higher proportion of pleural effusion. COVID‐19 cohort exhibited higher proportions of fatigue, diarrhea and ground‐glass opacity and higher levels of lymphocyte percentage, absolute lymphocyte count, red‐cell count, hemoglobin and albumin and presented lower levels of monocytes, c‐reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that fatigue, ground‐glass opacity, and higher level of albumin were independent risk factors for COVID‐19 pneumonia, while older age, higher temperature, and higher level of monocyte count were independent risk factors for influenza A pneumonia.
Conclusions
In terms of COVID‐19 pneumonia and influenza A pneumonia, fatigue, ground‐glass opacity, and higher level of albumin tend to be helpful for diagnosis of COVID‐19 pneumonia, while older age, higher temperature, and higher level of monocyte count tend to be helpful for the diagnosis of influenza A pneumonia.
Fatigue, ground‐glass opacity and higher level of albumin tend to be helpful for diagnosis of COVID‐19 pneumonia, while older age, higher temperature, and higher level of monocytes count tend to be helpful for the diagnosis of influenza A pneumonia.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We report the dynamic change process of target genes by RT-PCR testing of SARS-Cov-2 during the course of a COVID-19 patient: from successive negative results to successive single positive ...nucleocapsid gene, to two positive target genes (orf1ab and nucleocapsid) by RT-PCR testing of SARS-Cov-2, and describe the diagnosis, clinical course, and management of the case. In this case, negative results of RT-PCR testing was not excluded to diagnose a suspected COVID-19 patient, clinical signs and symptoms, other laboratory findings, and chest CT images should be taken into account for the absence of enough positive evidence. This case highlights the importance of successive sampling and testing SARS-Cov-2 by RT-PCR as well as the increased value of single positive target gene from pending to positive in two specimens to diagnose laboratory-confirmed COVID-19.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
AIM： To investigate the inhibitory effect of a specific small survivin interfering RNA （siRNA） on cell proliferation and the expression of survivin in human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901.
...METHODS： To knockdown survivin expression, a small interfering RNA targeting against survivin was synthesized and transfected into SGC-7901 cells with lipofectamine^TM2000. The downregulation of survivin expression at both mRNA and protein levels were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation inhibition rates were determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay. The effect of survivin siRNA on cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry （FCM）.
RESULTS： RNA interference could efficiently suppress the survivin expression in SGC-7901 cells. At 48 h after transfection, the expression inhibition rate was 44.52% at mRNA level detected by RT-PCR and 40.17% at protein level by Western blot analysis. Downregulation of survivin resulted in significant inhibition of tumor cell growth in vitro. The cell proliferation inhibition rates at 24, 48 and 72 h after survivin siRNA and non-siliencing siRNA transfection, were 34.06%, 47.61% and 40.36%, respectively. The apoptosis rate was 3.56% and the number of cells was increased in G0/G1 phase from 38.2% to 88.6%, and decreased in S and G2/M phase at 48 h after transfection.
CONCLUSION： Downregulation of survivin results in significant inhibition of tumor growth in vitro. The inhibition of survivin expression can induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. The use of survivin siRNA deserves further investigation as a novel approach to cancer therapy.
AIM: To explore Chinese physicians’ perceptions towards fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) and to provide information and an assessment of FMT development in China.METHODS: A self-administered ...questionnaire was developed according to the FMT practice guidelines and was distributed to physicians in hospitals via Internet Research Electronic Data Capture(REDcap) software and electronic mails to assess their attitudes toward and knowledge of FMT. The questionnaire included a brief introduction of FMT that was followed by 20 questions. The participants were required to respond voluntarily, under the condition of anonymity and without compensation. Except for the fill-in-the-blank questions, all of the other questions were required in the REDcap data collection systems, and the emailed questionnaires were completed based on eligibility.RESULTS: Up to December 9, 2014, 844 eligible questionnaires were received out of the 980 distributed questionnaires, with a response rate of 86.1%. Among the participants, 87.3% were from tertiary hospitals, and there were 647(76.7%) gastroenterologists and 197(23.3%) physicians in other departments(nongastroenterologists). Gastroenterologists’ awareness of FMT prior to the survey was much higher than non-gastroenterologists’(54.3 vs 16.5%, P < 0.001); however, acceptance of FMT was not statistically different(92.4 vs 87.1%, P = 0.1603). Major concerns of FMT included the following: acceptability to patients(79.2%), absence of guidelines(56.9%), and administration and ethics(46.5%). On the basis of understanding, the FMT indications preferred byphysicians were recurrent Clostridium difficile infection(86.7%), inflammatory bowel disease combined with Clostridium difficile infection(78.6%), refractory ulcerative colitis(70.9%), ulcerative colitis(65.4%), Crohn’s disease(59.4%), chronic constipation(43.7%), irritable bowel syndrome(39.1%), obesity(28.1%) and type 2 diabetes(23.9%). For donor selection, the majority of physicians preferred individuals with a similar gut flora environment to the recipients. 76.6% of physicians chose lower gastrointestinal tract as the administration approach. 69.2% of physicians considered FMT a safe treatment. CONCLUSION: Chinese physicians have awareness and a high acceptance of FMT, especially gastroenterologists, which provides the grounds and conditions for the development of this novel treatment in China. Physicians’ greatest concerns were patient acceptability and absence of guidelines.
Background Delayed graft function （DGF） is common in kidney transplants from organ donation after cardiac death （DCD） donors. It is associated with various factors. Determination of center-specific ...risk factors may help to reduce the incidence of DGF and improve the transplantation results. The aim of this study is to define risk factors of DGF after renal transplantation.
A novel route for the synthesis of thiazolo3,2-apyrimidin-7-ones and pyrido1,2-apyrimidin-2,ones from acetylated 2- aminothiazoles and 2-aminopyridines under Vilsmeier conditions has been developed. ...The plausible mechanism has also been proposed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
AIM： To identify the two polymorphisms of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein （MTP） gene in the Chinese population and to explore their correlation with both hepatitis B virus （HBV） self-limited ...infection and persistent infection.
METHODS： A total of 316 subjects with self-limited HBV infection and 316 patients with persistent HBV infection （195 subjects without familial history）, matched with age and sex, from the Chinese Han population were enrolled in this study. Polymorphisms of MTP at the promoter region -493 and at H297Q were determined by the allele specific polymerase chain reaction （PCR）.
RESULTS： The ratio of males to females was 2.13：1 for each group and the average age in the self-limited and chronic infection groups was 38.36 and 38.28 years, respectively. None of the allelic distributions deviated significantly from that predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was a linkage disequilibrium between H297Q and -493G/T （D＇ = 0.77）. As the χ^2 test was used, the genotype distribution of MTP-493G/T demonstrated a significant difference between the self-limited infection group and the entire chronic group or the chronic patients with no family history （χ^2 = 8.543, P = 0.015 and χ^2 = 7.199, P = 0.019）. The allele distribution at the MTP-493 position also demonstrated a significant difference between the study groups without family history （χ^2 = 6.212, P = 0.013）. The T allele emerged as a possible protective factor which may influence the outcomes of HBV infection （OR： 0.59; 95% CI： 0.389-0.897）. CONCLUSION： The polymorphism of the MTP gene, T allele at -493, may be involved in determining the HBV infection outcomes, of which the mechanism needs to be further investigated.
Aim： Angiotensin Ⅱ is believed to play an important role in tissue repair and remodeling in lungs by the angiotensin type Ⅰ （AT1） receptor via a number of potential mechanisms. However, the role of ...the AT1 receptor in early lung injury has not been characterized. Methods： Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis （PF） in rats was utilized to value the treatment with valsartan, an AT1 receptor antagonist, by measurement of body weight, wet weight of the left lung, hydroxyproline content, mRNA expression of collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ, and the degree of fibrosis in lung tissues on d 21. Tissue injury in the early phase was assessed on d 1, 3 and 7 by apoptosis, malondialdehyde content, myeloperoxidase activity, inflammatory cell count and protein content. Angiotensin converting enzyme （ACE） activity and the AT1 receptor in lung tissues were analyzed by biochemistry method and Western blotting, respectively. Results： Valsartan ameliorated PF induced by bleomycin in the rats on d 21. After bleomycin was injected intratracheally, increases in the lung AT1 receptor and ACE activity were observed by d 1, 3 and 7. Lung injury deteriorated in the early phase. Valsartan reduced the increase of the AT1 receptor, ACE activity and lung injury induced by bleomycin in the early phatse. Conclusion： These observations suggest that angiotensin Ⅱ may play a potent role in early lung injury via the AT1 receptor. AT1 receptor antagonists should be assessed as potential new therapies for fibrotic lung disease.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The chiral separations of four pharmaceutical racemates which contain N-alkyl groups were satisfactorily resolved using SBE-β-CD as a chiral mobile phase additive （CMPA） in a RP-HPLC system （the ...resolution is 2.701 for ondansetron hydrochloride, 1.996 for sulpiride, 1.293 for clenbuterol hydrochloride and 0.816 for omeprazole）. In addition, the effects of different parameters such as CD type and CD concentration were investigated. The separation mechanism arises through the combination of several potential interactions, including electrostatic interactions as well as hydrogen bonding interactions and hydrophobic inclusion interactions, which allow for the SBE-β-CD-drug complexation with strong stereoselectivity and stability. The resolution also relates to the number and location of N atoms in the enantiomers. This method will be applicable to the isolation of various types of biologically imoortant enantiomers containing N-alkyl groups.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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