All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASLBs) employing sulfide solid electrolytes are considered a promising alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from the perspectives of safety ...and high energy density. From a practical point of view, the development of sheet-type electrodes employing alternative electrode materials by scalable fabrication is of prime importance. While Si has been extensively studied for next-generation LIBs, reports on ASLBs are scarce. Herein, we fabricate sheet-type Si composite electrodes by infiltrating conventional LIB electrodes with solid electrolytes using a homogeneous Li6PS5Cl-ethanol solution. Further, we systematically investigate effects of the particle size (micro- vs. nano-Si) and polymeric binders (polyvinylidene fluoride vs. polyacrylic acid/carboxymethyl cellulose) on the electrochemical performance of ASLBs under varying external pressures (140, 20, and 5 MPa) upon cycling. Owing to intimate ionic contacts enabled by liquefied solid electrolytes, the Li6PS5Cl-infiltrated Si electrodes show higher capacities of over 3000 mA h g−1 at 0.25 mA cm−2 and 30 °C as compared with conventional dry-mixed electrodes. At 20 MPa, the Si electrodes using micro-Si and polyvinylidene fluoride show marginal degradation of performance. The high energy density of 338 W h kg−1 of LiCoO2/Si ASLBs fabricated using the Li6PS5Cl-infiltrated electrodes is demonstrated, highlighting the prospect of high-energy practical ASLBs.
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•Sheet-type Si electrodes are fabricated by infiltrating solution-processable SEs.•Li6PS5Cl-infiltrated Si electrodes show high capacities of more than 3000 mA h g−1.•Effects of the Si size, binders, and pressure on the performances are investigated.•LiCoO2/Si full-cells showing high energy density (338 Wh kg−1) are demonstrated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract Background Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated inconsistent associations between diabetes mellitus and the risk of lung cancer. To determine whether diabetes mellitus is associated with ...an increased risk of lung cancer, we performed a meta-analysis of observational studies. Methods PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched for observational studies conducted prior to September 2012. We included prospective cohort studies that reported relative risks and case–control studies that showed odds ratios in the analysis. The pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated with a random effects model. Sensitivity analysis was performed with studies which controlled for smoking status. Associations were assessed in several subgroups representing different participant and study characteristics. Results A total of 34 studies from 24 manuscripts (10 case–control studies and 24 cohort studies) were included in the analyses. Diabetes was significantly associated with the increased risk of lung cancer compared with non-diabetic controls when limiting the analysis to studies adjusting for smoking status (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02–1.20; I2 = 46.1%). By contrast, this association disappeared when the analysis was restricted to studies not adjusting for smoking status (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.88–1.11; I2 = 96.7%). When stratifying by sex, an increased risk of lung cancer was prominent in diabetic women (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09–1.20; I2 = 0%), while there was no association in diabetic men (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.89–1.28; I2 = 96.6%). Among diabetic women, significantly increased risks of lung cancer were found in the following subgroups: cohort studies (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08–1.20; I2 = 0%), studies controlling for major confounding variables such as age, smoking and alcohol (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00–1.43; I2 = 23.1%), studies with long-term follow-up (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08–1.20; I2 = 0%), and high-quality studies assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08–1.20; I2 = 0%). Interpretation Preexisting diabetes mellitus may increase the risk of lung cancer, especially among female diabetic patients. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed to test specifically the effect of diabetes mellitus on lung cancer risk.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Human Activity Recognition (HAR) aims to identify the actions performed by humans using signals collected from various sensors embedded in mobile devices. In recent years, deep learning techniques ...have further improved HAR performance on several benchmark datasets. In this paper, we propose one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D CNN) for HAR that employs a divide and conquer-based classifier learning coupled with test data sharpening. Our approach leverages a two-stage learning of multiple 1D CNN models; we first build a binary classifier for recognizing abstract activities, and then build two multi-class 1D CNN models for recognizing individual activities. We then introduce test data sharpening during prediction phase to further improve the activity recognition accuracy. While there have been numerous researches exploring the benefits of activity signal denoising for HAR, few researches have examined the effect of test data sharpening for HAR. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on two popular HAR benchmark datasets, and show that our approach outperforms both the two-stage 1D CNN-only method and other state of the art approaches.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) have lately received enormous attention for electric vehicle applications because of their exceptional stability by engaging all‐solidified cell components. However, ...there are many formidable hurdles such as low ionic conductivity, interface instability, and difficulty in the manufacturing process, for its practical use. Recently, carbon, one of the representative conducting agents, turns out to largely participate in side reactions with the solid electrolyte, which finally leads to the formation of insulating side products at the interface. Although the battery community mentioned that parasitic reactions are presumably attributed to carbon itself or the generation of electronic conducting paths lowering the kinetic barrier for reactions, the underlying origin for such reactions as well as appropriate solutions have not been provided yet. In this study, for the first time, it is verified that the functional group on carbon is an origin for causing negative effects on interfacial stability and a graphitized hollow nanocarbon as a promising solution for improving‐electrochemical performance is introduced. This work offers an invaluable lesson that a relatively minor part, such as a conducting agent, in ASSBs sometimes gives more positive impact on improving electrochemical performance than huge efforts for resolving other parts.
Graphitic hollow nanocarbon (GHC), a promising conducting agent for all‐solid‐state batteries: As the functional group on conventional carbon additives is one of major origins of parasitic reactions with solid electrolytes (SE), GHC with few functional groups is introduced as a conducting agent to mitigate the side reactions with the SE, finally warranting ionic/electronic conductivities in all‐solid‐state batteries.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Nanowires (NWs)-based field-effect transistors (FETs) have attracted considerable interest to develop innovative biosensors using NWs of different materials (i.e. semiconductors, polymers, etc.). ...NWs-based FETs provide significant advantages over the other bulk or non-NWs nanomaterials-based FETs. As the building blocks for FET-based biosensors, one-dimensional NWs offer excellent surface-to-volume ratio and are more suitable and sensitive for sensing applications. During the past decade, FET-based biosensors are smartly designed and used due to their great specificity, sensitivity, and high selectivity. Additionally, they have the advantage of low weight, low cost of mass production, small size and compatible with commercial planar processes for large-scale circuitry. In this respect, we summarize the recent advances of NWs-based FET biosensors for different biomolecule detection i.e. glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, urea, hormone, proteins, nucleotide, biomarkers, etc. A comparative sensing performance, present challenges, and future prospects of NWs-based FET biosensors are discussed in detail.
•This review paper summarizes the recent advances of NWs-based FETs for biological sensors.•The sensing applications of NWs-based FETs for various important biomolecules are discussed.•The present challenges and further prospects of NWs-based FETs are also highlighted.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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•Growth of ZnO nanorods on substrate via low-temperature aqueous route.•Functionalization of ZnO NRs with pyruvate oxidase to detect phosphate.•Vertically grown ZnO NRs provides high ...specific surface area for enhanced enzyme immobilization.•As-fabricated FET biosensor showed high sensitivity in a wide-linear range.
A promising field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor has been fabricated based on pyruvate oxidase (PyO) functionalized ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) array grown on seeded SiO2/Si substrate. The direct and vertically grown ZnO NRs on the seeded SiO2/Si substrate offers high surface area for enhanced PyO immobilization, which further helps to detect phosphate with higher specificity. Under optimum conditions, the fabricated FET biosensor provided a convenient method for phosphate detection with high sensitivity (80.57μAmM−1cm−2) in a wide-linear range (0.1µM–7.0mM). Additionally, it also showed very low effect of electroactive species, stability and good reproducibility. Encouraging results suggest that this approach presents a promising method to be used for field measurements to detect phosphate.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Use of the physiological mechanisms promoting midbrain DA (mDA) neuron survival seems an appropriate option for developing treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD). mDA neurons are specifically marked ...by expression of the transcription factors Nurr1 and Foxa2. We show herein that Nurr1 and Foxa2 interact to protect mDA neurons against various toxic insults, but their expression is lost during aging and degenerative processes. In addition to their proposed cell‐autonomous actions in mDA neurons, forced expression of these factors in neighboring glia synergistically protects degenerating mDA neurons in a paracrine mode. As a consequence of these bimodal actions, adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐mediated gene delivery of Nurr1 and Foxa2 in a PD mouse model markedly protected mDA neurons and motor behaviors associated with nigrostriatal DA neurotransmission. The effects of the combined gene delivery were dramatic, highly reproducible, and sustained for at least 1 year, suggesting that expression of these factors is a promising approach in PD therapy.
Synopsis
Gene therapy of Nurr1 and Foxa2 protects midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons from degeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting that exploitation of the physiological mechanisms promoting mDA neuron survival might be an option for developing treatments for PD.
Nurr1 and Foxa2 are specifically expressed in mDA neurons of adult mouse midbrain and synergistically interact to promote neuronal survival.
Nurr1 and Foxa2 protein expression is lost in mDA neurons during aging and degenerative processes.
Forced expression of Nurr1 and Foxa2 protects mDA neurons from various toxic insults in vitro and in vivo, and relieved motor deficits associated with mDA neuronal loss in the PD mouse model.
In addition to cell‐autonomous actions in mDA neurons, combined Nurr1+Foxa2 transgene expression in glial cells creates a neuroprotective environment by suppressing the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines as well as promoting the release of neurotrophic factors.
Gene therapy of Nurr1 and Foxa2 protects midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons from degeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting that exploitation of the physiological mechanisms promoting mDA neuron survival might be an option for developing treatments for PD.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) comprising solidified cathodes, electrolytes, and Li–metal anodes have attracted notable attention as promising future batteries for electric vehicles owing to their ...exceptional stability and expectation of achieving high energy density. However, its permanent operation has been hindered by Li dendrite growth, chemo–mechanical degradation, and interfacial instability, leading to Li exhaustion, increased resistance, and internal short‐circuiting. Herein, for the first time, the authors report the effects of a lithium nitride (Li3N) sacrificial cathode on the cycling performance of ASSBs combined with a Li‐free In layer. Through in situ evolved gas and internal pressure change analyses of the cells, it is found that, as with the liquid electrolyte cell, the decomposed Li3N compensates for active Li consumed by side reactions in the cell. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the improved interparticle contact by volume expansion of In through additionally supplied Li as well as the interfacial stability at the anode side by the dendrite‐free In layer, are strongly responsible for the improved cyclability of the ASSBs. The findings reveal the effectiveness of the Li compensation approach for the stable cycling of ASSBs based on the secured interfacial stability at the anode side.
A sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state battery consisting of a lithium nitride (Li3N) sacrificial cathode and a Li‐free indium layer shows stable cycling performance owing to the combined effects of the Li3N compensating for Li loss caused by interfacial side reactions along with contributing to improved interparticle contact by additional volume expansion of In and the dendrite‐free In layer exhibiting exceptional interfacial stability.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study demonstrates a highly stable, selective and sensitive uric acid (UA) biosensor based on high aspect ratio zinc oxide nanorods (ZNRs) vertical grown on electrode surface via a simple ...one-step low temperature solution route. Uricase enzyme was immobilized on the ZNRs followed by Nafion covering to fabricate UA sensing electrodes (Nafion/Uricase-ZNRs/Ag). The fabricated electrodes showed enhanced performance with attractive analytical response, such as a high sensitivity of 239.67 μA cm
mM
in wide-linear range (0.01-4.56 mM), rapid response time (~3 s), low detection limit (5 nM), and low value of apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K
, 0.025 mM). In addition, selectivity, reproducibility and long-term storage stability of biosensor was also demonstrated. These results can be attributed to the high aspect ratio of vertically grown ZNRs which provides high surface area leading to enhanced enzyme immobilization, high electrocatalytic activity, and direct electron transfer during electrochemical detection of UA. We expect that this biosensor platform will be advantageous to fabricate ultrasensitive, robust, low-cost sensing device for numerous analyte detection.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Recently, copper oxide (CuO) has drawn much attention as a promising material in visible light photodetection with its advantages in ease of nanofabrication. CuO allows a variety of nanostructures to ...be explored to enhance the optoelectrical performance such as photogenerated carriers scattering and bandgap engineering. However, previous researches neglect in-depth analysis of CuO's light interaction effects, restrictively using random orientation such as randomly arranged nanowires, single nanowires, and dispersed nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrate an ultra-high performance CuO visible light photodetector utilizing perfectly-aligned nanowire array structures. CuO nanowires with 300 nm-width critical dimension suppressed carrier transport in the dark state and enhanced the conversion of photons to carriers; additionally, the aligned arrangement of the nanowires with designed geometry improved the light absorption by means of the constructive interference effect. The proposed nanostructures provide advantages in terms of dark current, photocurrent, and response time, showing unprecedentedly high (state-of-the-art) optoelectronic performance, including high values of sensitivity (S = 172.21%), photo-responsivity (R = 16.03 A/W, λ = 535 nm), photo-detectivity (D
= 7.78 × 10
Jones), rise/decay time (τ
/τ
= 0.31 s/1.21 s).
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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