Some recent developments concerning the syntheses and physical properties of functional ionic liquids, especially those having paramagnetic and luminescent properties, are highlighted. The component ...ions used so far include both inorganic and organic types; and various strategies, namely not only the proper choice but also the synthesis of anions to impart the functionality, are presented.
Recent developments concerning the syntheses and physical properties of functional ionic liquids, especially those having paramagnetic and luminescent properties, are highlighted.
The new grading system proposed by the Pathology Committee of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer in 2020 was based on the combination of the histologically predominant subtype ...and high-grade component. Because the predominant subtypes are associated with characteristic subsets, unique subsets can be identified by this grading system.
We analyzed the clinicopathologic, genotypic, and prognostic features of a cohort of 781 consecutive patients with invasive nonmucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Grade 3 tumors were associated with younger age, male sex, a higher smoking dose, and aggressive features (tumor size, lymph node metastasis, stage, lymphovascular invasion, and pleural invasion). Recurrence-free survival and 3-year overall survival were well-stratified according to tumor grade, and the differences were confirmed with multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model. Radiologically, most grade 3 tumors exhibit a solid nodular pattern on computed tomography images and a high maximum standardized uptake value with positron emission tomography. Genotypically, 43% of the grade 3 adenocarcinomas lacked any driver mutations, although one of the driver mutations was detected in 79% of grade 1 or 2 tumors. Patient age, positive smoking history, solid nodule on computed tomography image, and higher maximum standardized uptake value were identified as significant preoperative predictive factors of grade 3 tumors, with a prediction rate greater than 90%.
Besides stratifying the patient outcomes, the new grading system characterized unique clinicopathologic subsets and this study suggested that grade 3 tumors could be predicted using the preoperative variables.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Preparation of single-layer manganese oxide nanosheets (monosheets) comprised of edge-shared MnO6 octahedra has relied on multistep processing involving a high-temperature solid-state synthesis of ...bulk templates, and ion-exchange and exfoliation reactions in solutions, requiring high cost and long processing time. Here we demonstrate the first single-step approach to directly access the MnO2 monosheets, by the chemical oxidation of Mn2+ ions in the presence of tetramethylammonium cations in an aqueous solution. Of importance is that this template-free reaction readily proceeds within a day at room temperature. The ability of the MnO2 monosheets to self-assemble allows aggregation, to form layered structures with potassium cations and cationic tetrathiafulvalene analogues as intercalants. Furthermore, Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) films composed of the MnO2 monosheets were successfully fabricated by the LB deposition method, in which about one layer of the monosheets was deposited for each process.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Ferroelectric spin crossover (SCO) behavior is demonstrated to occur in the cobalt(II) complex, Co(FPh‐terpy)2(BPh4)2⋅3ac (1⋅3 ac; FPh‐terpy=4′‐((3‐fluorophenyl)ethynyl)‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine) and ...is dependent on the degree of 180° flip–flop motion of the ligand's polar fluorophenyl ring. Single crystal X‐ray structures at several temperatures confirmed the flip–flop motion of fluorobenzene ring and also gave evidence for the SCO behavior with the latter behavior also confirmed by magnetic susceptibility measurements. The molecular motion of the fluorobenzene ring was also revealed using solid‐state 19F NMR spectroscopy. Thus the SCO behavior is accompanied by the flip–flop motion of the fluorobenzene ring, leading to destabilization of the low spin cobalt(II) state; with the magnitude of rotation able to be controlled by an electric field. This first example of spin‐state conversion being dependent on the molecular motion of a ligand‐appended fluorobenzene ring in a SCO cobalt(II) compound provides new insight for the design of a new category of molecule‐based magnetoelectric materials.
Inspired by molecular ferroelectrics induced by molecular rotors, multifunctional compound exhibiting both ferroelectricity and spin crossover behavior was constructed. The flip–flop motion of polarization unit results in the expression of ferroelectricity and spin crossover behavior.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Surgery or surgery plus radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy for patients with ...metastatic CRC (mCRC) were accepted as the main therapeutic strategies until the early 2000s, when targeted drugs, like cetuximab and bevacizumab, were developed. The use of targeted drugs in clinical practice has significantly increased patients' overall survival. To date, the emergence of several types of targeted drugs has opened new possibilities and revealed new prospects for mCRC treatment. Therapeutic strategies are continually being updated to select the most suitable targeted drugs based on the results of clinical trials that are currently underway. This review discusses the up-to date molecular evidence of targeted therapy for mCRC and summarizes the Food and Drug Administration-approved targeted drugs including the results of clinical trials. We also explain their mechanisms of action and how these affect the choice of a suitable targeted therapy.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Void space and functionality of the pore surface are important structural factors for proton‐conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) impregnated with conducting media. However, no clear study has ...compared their priority factors, which need to be considered when designing proton‐conductive MOFs. Herein, we demonstrate the effects of void space and pore‐surface modification on proton conduction in MOFs through the surface‐modified isoreticular MOF‐74(Ni) series Ni2(dobdc or dobpdc), dobdc=2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate and dobpdc=4,4′‐dihydroxy‐(1,1′‐biphenyl)‐3,3′‐dicarboxylate. The MOF with lower porosity with the same surface functionality showed higher proton conductivity than that with higher porosity despite including a smaller amount of conducting medium. Density functional theory calculations suggest that strong hydrogen bonding between molecules of the conducting medium at high porosity is inefficient in inducing high proton conductivity.
Void space and pore surface functionalization are important structural factors for the design of proton‐conductive MOFs. The priority of these factors was studied systematically, and a MOF with lower porosity and high pore surface functionalization was found to have remarkably high proton conductivity. On the other hand, high porosity proved inefficient in inducing high proton conductivity (see picture).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A reversible transformation between 1D, 2D, and 3D is demonstrated for the first time in coordination polymers comprising CuII ions and bidentate terephthalate (BDC2−). 1D uniform chains were ...reversibly transformed into 2D layers with the construction of Cu‐paddlewheels by eliminating water molecules. 2D/3D reversible transformation was achieved by removing/rebinding N,N‐dimethylformamide coordinated to the paddlewheels. These dimensional transformations significantly changed chemical and physical properties such as gas sorption and magnetism. Although the uptake in open‐framework 1D and 2D Cu‐BDC was insignificant, pronounced absorption was observed for 3D Cu‐BDC. Drastic difference in magnetic behavior is consistent with their coordination structures; uniform 1D chain of CuII in 1D Cu‐BDC and 2D sheet based on CuII‐paddlewheel dimers in 2D Cu‐BDC. Ferromagnetic behavior observed in air‐exposed 3D Cu‐BDC is attributed to the 3D structure formed by the connection of 2D sheets.
Reversible multi‐dimensional transformation of a coordination polymer composed of CuII ions and terephthalate ligands was achieved for the first time by controlling the coordination environment. The dimensional transformation led to significant changes in the chemical and physical properties specific to coordination polymers, such as gas sorption and magnetism.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Background
Many thoracic surgeons have tried to make lung cancer surgery less invasive. Among the minimally invasive approaches that are currently available, it is controversial which is ...optimal. Minimally invasive open surgery, i.e. hybrid video-assisted thoracic surgery, has been adopted for lung cancer surgery at our institute. The objective of this study was to evaluate minimally invasive open surgery in terms of perioperative outcomes over the most recent 5 years.
Methods
Between 2015 and 2019, 2738 patients underwent pulmonary resection for lung cancer at National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan. Among them, 2174 patients with clinical stage I lung cancer who underwent minimally invasive open surgery were included. Several perioperative parameters were evaluated.
Results
The patients consisted of 1092 men (50.2%) and 1082 women (49.8%). Lobectomy was performed in 1255 patients (57.7%), segmentectomy in 603 (27.7%) and wide wedge resection in 316 (14.5%). Median blood loss was 30 ml (interquartile range: 15–57 ml) for lobectomy, 17 ml (interquartile range: 10–31 ml) for segmentectomy and 5 ml (interquartile range: 2–10 ml) for wide wedge resection. Median operative time was 120 min (interquartile range: 104–139 min) for lobectomy, 109 min (interquartile range: 98–123 min) for segmentectomy and 59 min (interquartile range: 48–76 min) for wide wedge resection. Median length of postoperative hospital stay was 4 days (interquartile range: 3–5 days). The 30-day mortality rate was 0.08% for lobectomy, 0.17% for segmentectomy and 0.00% for wide wedge resection.
Conclusions
Minimally invasive open surgery for clinical stage I lung cancer is a feasible approach with a low mortality and a short hospital stay. Oncological outcomes need to be investigated.
The proton conduction of {NBu
2
(CH
2
COOH)
2
}MnCr(ox)
3
(
dic
-MnCr) is studied in comparison with its analogous {NBu
3
(CH
2
COOH)}MnCr(ox)
3
(
moc
-MnCr). The proton conductivity is enhanced ...remarkably by the multiplication of the carboxyl carrier in the cation, from 5.2 × 10
−7
S cm
−1
at 90% RH (25 °C) in
moc
-MnCr to 1.8 × 10
−3
S cm
−1
at 95% RH (25 °C) in
dic
-MnCr.
{NBu
2
(CH
2
COOH)
2
}MnCr(ox)
3
(
dic
-MnCr) shows significantly enhanced proton conduction (1.8 × 10
−3
S cm
−1
at 95% RH at 25 °C) relative to {NBu
3
(CH
2
COOH)}MnCr(ox)
3
by the multiplication of the carboxyl carrier in the cation.
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