β-1,4-glucanase can not only promote the wound healing of grafted seedlings but can also have a positive effect on a plant's cell wall construction. As a critical gene of β-1,4-glucanase,
is involved ...in cell wall remodeling and intercellular adhesion and plays a vital role in grafting healing. However, the
family members have not yet been characterized for melons. In this study, 18
were identified from the melon genome, and these
were located on 15 chromosomes. Our phylogenetic analysis of these
genes and
genes from other species divided them into three clusters. The gene structure and conserved functional domains of
in different populations differed significantly. However,
responded to cis elements such as low temperature, exogenous hormones, drought, and injury induction. The expression profiles of
were different. During the graft healing process of the melon scion grafted onto the squash rootstock, both exogenous naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) and far-red light treatment significantly induced the upregulated expression of
related to the graft healing process. The results provided a technical possibility for managing the graft healing of melon grafted onto squash by regulating
expression.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Melatonin (MT) is a vital hormone factor in plant growth and development, yet its potential to influence the graft union healing process has not been reported. In this study, we examined the effects ...of MT on the healing of oriental melon scion grafted onto squash rootstock. The studies indicate that the exogenous MT treatment promotes the lignin content of oriental melon and squash stems by increasing the enzyme activities of hydroxycinnamoyl CoA ligase (HCT), hydroxy cinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase (HCALDH), caffeic acid/5-hydroxy-conifer aldehyde O-methyltransferase (COMT), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-hydroxycinnamate CoA ligase (4CL), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). Using the oriental melon and squash treated with the exogenous MT to graft, the connection of oriental melon scion and squash rootstock was more efficient and faster due to higher expression of wound-induced dedifferentiation 1 (
), cyclin-dependent kinase (
), target of monopteros 6 (
), and vascular-related NAC-domain 7 (
). Further research found that the exogenous MT increased the lignin content of the oriental melon scion stem by regulating
expression, and then accelerated the graft healing process. In addition, the root growth of grafted seedlings treated with the exogenous MT was more vigorous.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Technological innovation represents the core driving force for the green development of resource-based enterprises. How to effectively promote enterprises' technological innovation has received ...considerable attention in academia and practice. However, most of existing studies have been focused on the influence of industrial level or organizational level, the impact of leadership has received little attention. Therefore, this study explores the impact of environmental leadership, which focuses on environmental protection and sustainable development, on technological innovation. Using Stata 18 software, this study analyzes 170 resource-based enterprises listed on the Shenzhen and Shanghai A-share stock markets, for the time periods spanning from 2013 to 2022. The results indicate a positive impact of environmental leadership on technological innovation, with green investment mediating the relationship between environmental leadership and technological innovation. However, the moderating effect of government subsidies between environmental leadership and green investment is not significant. Our findings offer a better understanding of technological innovation in resource-based enterprises by considering the influence factors from both internal and external pespectives, especially the critical role of leader. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature on leadership theory and technological innovation theory.
It is generally recognized that the root uptake capacity of grafted plants strongly depends on the rootstocks' well-developed root system. However, we found that grafted plants showed different ...nitrate uptake capacities when different varieties of oriental melon scion were grafted onto the same squash rootstock, suggesting that the scion regulated the nitrate uptake capacity of the rootstock root. In this study, we estimated the nitrate uptake capacity of grafted plants with the different oriental melon varieties' seedlings grafted onto the same squash rootstocks. The results indicated a significant difference in the nitrate uptake rate and activity of two heterologous grafting plants. We also showed a significant difference in
expression in the roots of two grafting combinations and verified the positive regulation of nitrate uptake by
expression. In addition, the two varieties of oriental melon scion had highly significant differences in
expression, which was transported to the rootstock and positively induced
and
expression in the rootstock roots. Meanwhile,
could positively regulate
expression in the rootstock roots. Furthermore,
and
also positively regulated
expression, respectively, and
dominated the positive regulation of
, while
could interact with
and
respectively, to jointly regulate
expression. The oriental melon scion regulated the nitrate uptake capacity of the melon/squash grafting plant roots, and the higher expression of
in the oriental melon scion leaves, the more substantial the nitrate uptake capacity of squash rootstock roots.
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In the functioning of the hand–eye collaboration of an apple picking robot, the accuracy of the hand–eye relationship is a key factor affecting the efficiency and accuracy of the robot’s operation. ...In order to enhance the low accuracy of traditional hand–eye calibration methods, linear and nonlinear solving methods based on mathematical tools such as quaternions are commonly adopted. To solve the loss of accuracy in decoupling during the linearization solution and to reduce the cumulative error that occurs during nonlinear solutions, a hand–eye calibration method, based on the ICP algorithm, is proposed in this paper. The method initializes the ICP matching algorithm with a solution derived from Tsai–Lenz, and substitutes it for iterative computation, thereby ascertaining a precise hand–eye conversion relationship by optimizing the error threshold and iteration count in the ICP matching process. Experimental results demonstrate that the ICP-based hand–eye calibration optimization algorithm not only circumvents the issues pertaining to accuracy loss and significant errors during solving, but also enhances the rotation accuracy by 13.6% and the translation accuracy by 2.47% compared with the work presented by Tsai–Lenz.
Compute‐in‐memory (CIM) is a pioneering approach using parallel data processing to eliminate traditional data transmission bottlenecks for faster, energy‐efficient data handling. Crossbar arrays with ...two‐terminal devices such as memristors and phase‐change memory are commonly employed in CIM, but they encounter challenges such as leakage current and increased power usage. Three‐terminal transistor arrays have potential solutions, yet large‐scale electrolyte‐gated transistors (EGTs) demonstrations are uncommon due to compatibility issues with existing photolithography processes. Herein, a 20 × 20 EGTs array is designed using indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide as the semiconductor channel and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) doped with C2F6LiNO4S2 as the electrolyte. Each transistor unit in the array can serve as a synapse, exhibiting a large conductance range, low energy consumption (6.984 fJ) for read–write operations, excellent repeatability, and quasilinear update characteristics. It has been confirmed that the EGTs array not only enables precise device programming but also virtually eliminates signal interference between neighboring devices during the programming process. Using 54 transistors in the EGTs array, unsupervised learning with a winner‐takes‐all neural network is successfully demonstrated. After 50 training iterations, the neural network achieves perfect 100% accuracy in classifying test‐set letters. The work demonstrates the potential of EGTs for constructing large‐scale integration synaptic array toward efficient computing architectures.
Crafted with photolithography, a 20 × 20 electrolyte transistor array excels in synapse performance, with low energy consumption at 6.984 fJ and good uniformity. The designed array enables precise programming of target devices while minimizing interference among adjacent devices to almost zero. With 54 transistors, successful unsupervised learning demonstrations achieve 100% classification accuracy.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Li-rich layered oxide cathodes have attracted extensive attention due to their high energy density. However, due to the low initial Coulombic efficiency and the capacity fading and voltage fading ...during cycling, its practical application is still a great challenge. Here, we report the one-step realization of layered/spinel heterostructures and Na doping by the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-assisted sol–gel method. The spinel phase provides 3D diffusion channels for Li-ions, and sodium doping changes the layered lattice constant and expands the layer spacing. Therefore, the designed Li1.15Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13Na0.05O2 (SDS-2) cathode possesses excellent electrochemical performance such as higher initial Coulombic efficiency and rate capacity and also alleviates voltage decay. The initial discharge-specific capacity of SDS-2 is 298.8 mAh g–1 at 0.1 C, and the discharge-specific capacity can reach 111.7 mAh g–1 at 10 C. This strategy can provide new insights into the design and synthesis of high-performance Li-rich layered oxide cathode materials.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Abstract
In offshore engineering, objects, e.g., drill pipes, anchor chains, and some small components, may accidentally fall into the water from ships or offshore platforms, which can cause ...casualties on decks or damage underwater equipment. The damaged equipment may further harm the environment, such as oil leaking from a damaged wellhead. Therefore, for economic and environmental reasons, a requirement for predicting the trajectory of dropped objects is needed. In this paper, we first propose the state–space motion model of dropped cylinders based on three-degree-of-freedom equations. Instead of being deterministic, the trajectory of the falling cylinder is described as a stochastic process by adding a small perturbation, being Gaussian distributed, to the initial state. Second, three probabilistic methods for state estimation, i.e., the Monte Carlo (MC) method, the unscented method, and the Cubature method, are employed in the envelope prediction of the dropped objects and provide reliable results. The MC method is a classic method for solving stochastic problems and has been applied to study the motion of falling objects. However, it always requires a sufficiently large sample, which results in large computation loads and is not applicable in practical utilization, especially in real-time applications. Simulation results show that the accuracy of the unscented method and the Cubature method are comparable to the MC method, while the computation time is only 0.5% of the MC method. Therefore, the two alternatives other than the MC method significantly improve their application possibilities and provide an effective way for the envelop prediction of dropped cylindrical objects in marine transportation or offshore operations. Furthermore, compared with the unscented method, the Cubature method is a density-assumed method, making itself handy for dynamic and real-time risk assessment of falling objects transported and installed at sea.
