Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels with different contents of zirconium (denoted as 16Cr ODS, 16Cr-0.3Zr ODS and 16Cr-0.6Zr ODS) were fabricated to investigate the effects of Zr on ...strengthening mechanism of Al-alloyed 16Cr ODS steel. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results show that the mean grain size of ODS steels could be decreased by Zr addition. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results indicate that Zr addition could increase the number density but decrease the mean diameter and inter-particle spacing of oxide particles. Furthermore, it is also found that in addition to Y-Al-O nanoparticles, Y-Zr-O oxides with finer size were observed in 16Cr-0.3Zr ODS and 16Cr-0.6Zr ODS steels. These changes in microstructure significantly increase the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of ODS steels through mechanisms of grain boundary strengthening and dispersion strengthening.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The development of a facile method to construct a high-performance electrode is of paramount importance to the application of alkaline water electrolysis. Here, we report that the activity of nickel ...foam (NF) towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can be enhanced remarkably through simple immersion in a ferric nitrate (Fe(NO
3
)
3
) solution at room temperature. During this immersion process, the oxidation of the NF surface by NO
3
−
ions increases the near-surface concentrations of OH
−
and Ni
2+
, which results in the
in situ
deposition of a highly active amorphous Ni-Fe hydroxide (a-NiFeO
x
H
y
) layer. Specifically, the OER overpotential of the NF electrode decreases from 371 mV (bare NF) to 270 mV (@10 mA·cm
−2
in 0.1 M KOH) after immersion in a 20 mM Fe(NO
3
)
3
solution for just 1 min. A longer immersion time results in further increased OER activity (196 mV@10 mA·cm
−2
in 1 M KOH). The overall water splitting properties of the a-NiFeO
x
H
y
@NF electrode were evaluated using a two-electrode configuration. It is worth noting that the current density can reach 25 mA·cm
−2
in 6 M KOH at an applied voltage of 1.5 V at room temperature.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Bacteria-facilitated phytoextraction has been gaining recognition for the phytoremediation of heavy metal (HM)-contaminated soils. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether catabolizing abscisic acid ...(ABA) in hyperaccumulating plants via rhizobacteria could facilitate HM phytoextraction. In this study, inoculation with the ABA-catabolizing bacterium, Rhodococcus qingshengii, increased HM (Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu) concentrations in the shoots of hyperaccumulators Vetiveria zizanioides, Brassica juncea, Lolium perenne L., Solanum nigrum L., and Sedum alfredii Hance grown in mildly and severely contaminated soils by 28.8%–331.3%, 8.5%–393.4%, 21.2%–222.5%, 14.7%–115.5%, and 28.3%–174.2%, respectively, compared with non-inoculated plants. The fresh biomass of these hyperaccumulators was elevated by 16.5%–94.4%, compared to that of the bacteria-free control. Phytoremediation potential indices, including bioconcentration and translocation factors, also revealed that the bacteria markedly boosted the phytoextraction efficacy from soil. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that the effects of bacteria on the concentrations of Cd and Zn in hyperaccumulators were significantly correlated with ABA metabolism, but not with Pb and Cu. Combined with the synergistic effects on plant biomass, the bacteria also improved the phytoextraction of Pb and Cu in hyperaccumulators. Overall, the application of microorganism-assisted remediation based on ABA-catabolizing bacteria might be an alternative strategy for enhancing phytoremediation efficiency in HM-contaminated soils.
Display omitted
•R. qingshengii improved the remediation efficiency of hyperaccumulators.•Remediation improvement by R. qingshengii was greater for Cd than for Zn, Pb, and Cu.•Metabolism of ABA is the mechanism by which R. qingshengii improves phytoremediation efficiency.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Using finite-time thermodynamics, a model of an endoreversible Carnot cycle for a space power plant is established in this paper. The expressions of the cycle power output and thermal efficiency are ...derived. Using numerical calculations and taking the cycle power output as the optimization objective, the surface area distributions of three heat exchangers are optimized, and the maximum power output is obtained when the total heat transfer area of the three heat exchangers of the whole plant is fixed. Furthermore, the double-maximum power output is obtained by optimizing the temperature of a low-temperature heat sink. Finally, the influences of fixed plant parameters on the maximum power output performance are analyzed. The results show that there is an optimal temperature of the low-temperature heat sink and a couple of optimal area distributions that allow one to obtain the double-maximum power output. The results obtained have some guidelines for the design and optimization of actual space power plants.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We reported the enhanced superconducting performance of Nb doped FeSe prepared by solid-state sintering. With the increase of Nb doping, Nb incorporated FeSe lattice and substituted Fe sites. Thus ...the texture of tetragonal FeSe become more compact, the superconducting transition temperature is distinctly enhanced up to 13.6 K in FeNb0.04Se, which is enhanced by 27% as compared with that of undoped FeSe, and the upper critical field is enhanced up to 28 T. Moreover, Nb doping can significantly suppress the decay of critical current density with magnetic fields, and then improve the transport performance of FeSe at high magnetic fields.
Display omitted
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Display omitted
Bonding of tungsten (W) with oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel is an urgent challenge during the practical manufacturing process in many applications, including advanced ...nuclear reactor systems, military equipment, etc. To eliminate the generation of brittle intermetallic compounds Fe-W and relieve the residual thermal stresses, a novel composite interlayer Zr/Cu, for bonding W with ODS steel using the transient liquid phase (TLP) diffusion technology, was designed in this work. The bonding materials were prepared as a sandwiched structure of W/Zr-Cu/ODS steel in a vacuum diffusion bonding device. Interfacial structure and tensile strength of the bonded joints were investigated, and the processing parameters were optimized. After the bonding process, a reliable Cu/ODS steel interface could be built at all applied temperatures or holding times. Nevertheless, only as the bonding temperature was 1000 °C or even higher, the inserted Zr foil could be completely consumed and a stable W/Cu interface free from intermetallic compounds and micro-cracks was built. Additionally, the bonding ratio was gradually improved with increasing the bonding temperature or holding time. As a result, a high-strength W/Cu/ODS steel joint of ∼430.4 MPa could be fabricated at 1000 °C for a holding time of 60 min, and the bonding ratio was as high as 98 %, which provided a significant guide for the assembly of plasma facing components (PFCs).
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Organic small molecules with processing feasibility, structural diversity, and fine‐tuned properties have the potential applications in solar vapor generation. However, the common defects of narrow ...solar absorption, low photothermal conversion efficiency, and photobleaching result in limited materials available and unsatisfactory evaporation performance. Herein, the perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives are exploited as stable sunlight absorbers for solar vapor generation. Particularly, the N,N'‐bis(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)−3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PDI‐DTMA) is well‐designed with donor–acceptor–donor configuration based on plane rigid PDI core. The efficient photothermal conversion is enabled through strong intermolecular π–π stacking and intramolecular charge transfer, as revealed by experimental demonstration and theoretical calculation. The PDI‐DTMA with a narrow band gap of 1.17 eV exhibits expanded absorption spectrum and enhanced nonradiative transition capability. The 3D hybrid hydrogels (PPHs) combining PDI‐DTMA and polyvinyl alcohol are constructed. With the synergistic effect of solar‐to‐heat conversion, thermal localization management, water activation, and unobstructed water transmission of PPHs, the high water evaporation rates can reach 3.61–10.07 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun. The hydrogels also possess great potential in seawater desalination and sewage treatment. Overall, this work provides valuable insights into the design of photothermal organic small molecules and demonstrates their potentials in solar water evaporation.
The perylene diimide‐based organic small molecule is designed to achieve high‐efficiency photothermal conversion through intermolecular interaction of π–π stacking and intramolecular charge transfer. Additionally, the molecular is combined with polyvinyl alcohol to prepare 3D hierarchical porous hybrid hydrogel. The hydrophilic hydrogel exhibits higher water evaporation rate, compared with the reported evaporation systems based on organic small molecules.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A novel strategy to improve the adhesion between printed layers of three-dimensional (3D) printed constructs is developed by exploiting the interaction between two oppositely charged hydrogels. Three ...anionic hydrogels alginate, xanthan, and κ-carrageenan (Kca) and three cationic hydrogels chitosan, gelatin, and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) are chosen to find the optimal combination of two oppositely charged hydrogels for the best 3D printability with strong interface bonding. Rheological properties and printability of the hydrogels, as well as structural integrity of printed constructs in cell culture medium, are studied as functions of polymer concentration and the combination of hydrogels. Kca2 (2 wt % Kca hydrogel) and GelMA10 (10 wt % GelMA hydrogel) are found to be the best combination of oppositely charged hydrogels for 3D printing. The interfacial bonding between a Kca layer and a GelMA layer is proven to be significantly higher than that of the bilayered Kca or bilayered GelMA because of the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes between the oppositely charged hydrogels. A good cell viability of >96% is obtained for the 3D-bioprinted Kca–GelMA construct. This novel strategy has a great potential for 3D bioprinting of layered constructs with a strong interface bonding.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Unbalanced interaction relationships at personal and group levels play a pivotal role in collective activity recognition, which has not been adaptively and jointly explored by previous approaches. In ...this paper, we propose a graph attention interaction model (GAIM) embedded with the graph attention block (GAB) to explicitly and adaptively infer unbalanced interaction relations at personal and group levels in a unified architecture, and further to learn the spatial and temporal evolutions of the collective activity from these interactions to predict the activity labels. We first design the spatiotemporal graphs tailored to the collective activity where the concurrent person and group nodes, respectively, represent individuals' actions and the collective activity. The graphs provide both spatial structures and semantic appearance features for the collective activity. Then, GAB performs convolution-like filters on the graphs to infer unequal and two-level interaction relations in the collective activity by implementing graph convolutional networks with a shared attention mechanism. At the personal level, the GAB learns different levels of interactions for each person node from its neighbor person nodes under the guidance from the group node. At the group level, the GAB assesses various degrees of interactions to the group node contributed by person nodes. Equipped with the GRUs network, the GAIM learns the spatial and temporal evolutions of individuals' actions as well as the collective activity from the captured interactions, and finally predicts the label of the collective activity. Experiments on four publicly available datasets and ablation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of our GAIM, and the improved performance demonstrates the effectiveness of our model.
Carnivorous fish have a low carbohydrate utilization ability, and the physiologic and molecular basis of glucose intolerance has not been fully illustrated.
This study aimed to use largemouth bass as ...a model to investigate the possible mechanism of glucose intolerance in carnivorous fish with the help of single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq).
Two diets were formulated, a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet and a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet. The feeding trial lasted for 6 wk, and then, growth performance, biochemical parameters, liver histology, and snRNA-seq were performed.
Growth performance of fish was not affected by the HC diet, while liver glucolipid metabolism disorder and liver injury were observed. A total of 13,247 and 12,848 cells from the liver derived from 2 groups were isolated and sequenced, and 7 major liver cell types were annotated by the marker genes. Hepatocytes and cholangiocytes were lower and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and immune cells were higher in the HC group than those in the LC group. Reclustering analysis identified 7 subtypes of hepatocytes and immune cells, respectively. The HSCs showed more cell communication with other cell types, and periportal hepatocytes showed more cell communication with other hepatocyte subtypes. Cell–cell communication mainly focused on cell junction–related signaling pathways. Uncovered by the pseudotime analysis, midzonal hepatocytes were differentiated into 2 major branches—biliary epithelial hepatocytes and hepatobiliary hybrid progenitor. Cell junction and liver fibrosis–related genes were highly expressed in the HC group. HC diet induced the activation of HSCs and, therefore, led to the liver fibrosis of largemouth bass.
HC diet induces liver glucolipid metabolism disorder and liver injury of largemouth bass. The increase and activation of HSCs might be the main reason for the liver injury. In adaption to HC diet, midzonal hepatocytes differentiates into 2 major branches—biliary epithelial hepatocytes and hepatobiliary hybrid progenitors.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
You have reached the maximum number of search results that are displayed.
For better performance, the search offers a maximum of 1,000 results per query (or 50 pages if the option 10/page is selected).
Consider using result filters or changing the sort order to explore your results further.
PDF
