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•A conductive cold-resistant and elastic hydrogel is synthesized based on physical and chemical crosslinking protocol.•A hydrogel-based soft controller is created for the convenient ...manipulation of electric steering engine.•A potential bionic skin for human-machine interaction control over artificial limbs
This work enables conductive cold-resistant and elastic hydrogel for a new application in electric steering engine control, demonstrating a great potential as bionic skin for goal-directed control over artificial limbs. The photocrosslinking of acrylamide provides an elastic matrix that is functionally improved by physical crosslinking of K2CO3, carrageenan and locust bean gum. The hydrogel is highly elastic with the stress of 0.04 MPa at 650% strain, and can recover immediately after being stretched to 500% or pressed to 10% of its original length. It can keep its softness and conductivity at a low temperature of −10 °C. When an intermittent bending force is applied, it synchronously outputs the resistance variation signals between 1.1 and 0.9 times the original value. We take advantages of all these physical features to create a soft controller for the convenient manipulation of electric steering engine. We translate the bending-induced resistance variation signals into digital data of between 0 and 1023, which are then encoded to direct the electric steering engine for various controlled motility. A simple bending of hydrogel can activate the electric steering engine in 0.18 s, showing a highly-synchronous control over the dynamic response of electric steering engine in many models.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A novel and facile method for surface acetylation of cellulose nanocrystals (CN) was developed by reaction with acetic anhydride and hydroxyl groups on the surface of CN. The resultant acetylated ...cellulose nanocrystals (ACN) exhibited improved dispersion in various organic solvents and reduced polarity as compared with unmodified CN. These ACN were subsequently introduced into a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymeric matrix to produce fully biodegradable nanocomposites, which showed superior mechanical performance and thermal stability. This improvement was primarily attributed to uniform dispersion of the ACN and to strong interfacial adhesion between filler and matrix. This high performance and eco-friendly nanocomposite will expand the utilization of cellulose nanocrystals from renewable bioresources and the practical application of PLA-based plastic.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Fear generalization is a symptom of anxiety-related disorders, including acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Using a contextual fear conditioning paradigm, we found that mice ...exposed to a similar neutral context but not a different neutral context soon after training showed fear generalization immediately after contextual fear memory consolidation (i.e., 6 h after training). This fear generalization was reflected by a change not only in the total amount but also the pattern of freezing between conditioned and generalized contexts. These results provide insight into the factors that influence fear generalization and can facilitate future studies investigating the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of anxiety-related disorders.
•Some people exhibit traumatic stress responses immediately after experiencing a traumatic event.•Context exposure induces fear generalization immediately after memory consolidation.•Fear generalization is reflected by both the total amount and pattern of freezing.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A
bstract
We compare the Hilbert series approach with explicit constructions of higher-order Lagrangians for the O(
N
) nonlinear sigma model. We use the Hilbert series to find the number and type of ...operators up to mass dimension 16, for spacetime dimension
D
up to 12 and
N
up to 12, and further classify the operators into spacetime parity and parity of the internal symmetry group O(
N
). The explicit construction of operators is done up to mass dimension 12 for both parities even and dimension 10 for the other three cases. The results of the two methods are in full agreement. This provides evidence for the Hilbert series conjecture regarding co-closed but not co-exact
k
-forms, which takes into account the integration-by-parts relations.
The prevalence of invasive Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) within the serrated neoplasia pathway of the proximal colon has seldom been investigated. We examined the invasive Fn and bacterial biofilms in ...35 proximal hyperplastic polyps (HPs), 33 sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs), 48 proximal colorectal cancers (CRCs) and 10 matched metastatic lymph nodes using 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Samples of normal mucosa, traditional adenomas (TAs), distal HPs, distal CRCs and matched lymph nodes with or without metastases were used as controls. The prevalence of invasive Fn within proximal HPs (65.7%) and SSAs (78.8%) were significantly higher than that of proximal TAs (28.9%) and distal TAs (24.4%; p < 0.05). Invasive Fn was detected in markedly more proximal CRCs (89.6%) than in distal CRCs (42.2%; p < 0.05). Moreover, invasive Fn was detected in a significantly higher proportion of matched metastatic lymph nodes (100%) than that within nonmetastatic lymph nodes (40.0%; p < 0.001). Bacterial biofilms were found on 52.1% of proximal CRCs, 55.6% of distal CRCs and 48.5% of SSAs. Biofilms were positive for Fn in 47.9% of proximal CRCs, 48.9% of distal CRCs and 27.3% of SSAs. However, the presence of Fn in biofilms was not related to invasive Fn within colorectal tissues (p = 0.415). Invasive Fn may play a role in the carcinogenesis of proximal colon developing via the serrated neoplasia pathway, but might have a less important role in the TA‐carcinoma sequence. Bacterial biofilms may not contribute to the invasion of Fn into tumor tissues.
What's new?
A member of the oral microbiome, Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is an opportunistic pathogen beyond the oral cavity. Notably, it is overabundant in colorectal tumors, where its presence frequently is associated with CpG island methylator phenotype‐high lesions, which typically occur in the proximal colon. The present study suggests that invasive Fn is involved primarily in the carcinogenesis of proximal colon cancers that develop along the serrated neoplasia pathway, having only a minor role in the traditional adenoma‐carcinoma sequence. The findings provide a basis for the investigation of novel tools for Fn detection and patient stratification in colorectal cancer.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
PAR-1 is expressed not only in epithelium, neurons, astrocytes, immune cells, but also in cancer-associated fibroblasts, ECs (epithelial cells), myocytes of blood vessels, mast cells, and macrophages ...in tumor microenvironment, whereas PAR-1 stimulates macrophages to synthesize and secrete thrombin as well as other growth factors, resulting in enhanced cell proliferation, tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, considerable effort has been devoted to the development of inhibitors targeting PAR-1. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of PAR-1's role in cancer invasiveness and dissemination, as well as potential therapeutic strategies targeting PAR-1 signaling.
We predicted a two dimensional BC3N2 with metallic character and potential application in surface catalysis.
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In this paper, a novel BC3N2 monolayer has been found with a graphene-like ...structure using the developed particle swarm optimization algorithm in combination with ab initio calculations. The predicted structure meets the thermodynamical, dynamical, and mechanical stability requirements. Interestingly, the BC3N2 plane shows a metallic character. Importantly, BC3N2 has an in-plane stiffness comparable to that of graphene. We have also investigated the adsorption characteristics of CO2 on pristine monolayer and Mo functionalized monolayer using density functional theory. Subsequently, electronic structures of the interacting systems (CO2 molecule and substrates) have been preliminarily explored. The results show that Mo/BC3N2 has a stronger adsorption capacity towards CO2 comparing with the pristine one, which can provide a reference for the further study of the CO2 reduction mechanism on the transition metal-functionalized surface as well as the new catalyst’s design.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Despite the rapid increase in the global prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), there are no approved therapeutic drugs for MAFLD yet. Nutrient supplementation ...might mitigate the risk of MAFLD. It is more typical for individuals to consume multiple nutrients simultaneously. However, the studies exploring the combined effects of multiple nutrients on MAFLD are limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between both individual nutrients and their combined influence on the risk of MAFLD.
Data were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and 18 types of nutrients were considered in this study. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between single nutrients and the risk of MAFLD. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis was performed to pinpoint the most relevant nutrient associated with the risk of MAFLD. Subsequently, both Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression and Quantile g-computation (Qgcomp) were used to assess the combined effects of multiple nutrients on the risk of MAFLD.
A total of 3,069 participants were included in this study. LASSO regression analysis showed that Se, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol exhibited a positive association with the risk of MAFLD. In contrast, the serum levels of Co, P, α-cryptoxanthin, LZ, and trans-β-carotene were inversely associated with the prevalence of MAFLD. When Se and two types of vitamin E were excluded, the WQS index showed a significant inverse relationship between the remaining 15 nutrients and the risk of MAFLD; α-cryptoxanthin showed the most substantial contribution. Similarly, Qgcomp suggested that the combined effects of these 15 nutrients were associated with a lower risk of MAFLD, with α-cryptoxanthin possessing the most significant negative weights.
This study suggested that the complex nutrients with either a low proportion of Se, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol or without them should be recommended for patients with MAFLD to reduce its risk.
Evidence regarding the association between anemia and sarcopenia in the elderly population is limited and controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between anemia ...and sarcopenia in Chinese elderly.
The cross-sectional study used the third wave of data from the China Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement (CHARLS). Participants were classified as sarcopenic versus non-sarcopenic according to the guidelines developed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019. Meanwhile, participants were defined for anemia using World Health Organization criteria. Logistic regression models were conducted to assess the association between anemia and sarcopenia. Odds ratios (OR) were reported to indicate the strength of the association.
A total of 5016 participants were included in the cross-sectional analysis. The overall prevalence of sarcopenia in this population was 18.3 %. After adjusting for all potential risk factors, anemia and sarcopenia were independently associated (OR = 1.43, 95 % CI 1.15–1.77, P = 0.001). In terms of subgroups, the association of anemia with sarcopenia was also significant in people over 71 years of age (OR = 1.93, 95 % CI 1.40–2.66, P < 0.001), women (OR = 1.48, 95 % CI 1.09–2,02, P = 0.012), rural residents (OR = 1.56, 95 % CI 1.24–1.97, P < 0.001), as well as in people with low education (OR = 1.50, 95 % CI 1.20–1.89, P < 0.001).
Anemia is an independent risk factor for sarcopenia among elderly Chinese population.
•Anemia is an independent risk factor for sarcopenia among elderly Chinese population.•The association of anemia with sarcopenia provides different values in different subgroups.•Older, less educated women living in rural areas with anemia should pay particular attention to screening for sarcopenia.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Artemisia argyi leaf polysaccharide (AALP) was optimized by RSM.•Different extraction methods have a considerable influence on chemical composition, monosaccharide ...composition, and molecular weight of AALPs.•AALP prepared through UAE (AALP-U) and HWE (AALP-H) all exhibited remarkable antioxidant activities.•AALP-U exhibited considerable antifatigue activity and has excellent application prospects in the field of food and medicine.
Artemisia argyi leaf polysaccharide (AALPs) were prepared through ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and their antifatigue activities were evaluated. Extraction was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), which yielded the following optimal UAE conditions: ultrasonication power of 300 W, extraction temperature of 51 °C, liquid:solid ratio of 20 mL/g, and ultrasonication time of 47 mins. The above optimal conditions resulted in the maximum extraction rate of 10.49 %. Compared with hot water extraction (HWE), UAE supported higher yields and total sugar, uronic acid, and sulfate contents of AALPs. Meanwhile, AALP prepared through UAE (AALP-U) exhibited higher stability due to its smaller particle size and higher absolute value of zeta potential than AALP prepared through HWE (AALP-H). In addition, AALP-U demonstrated stronger antioxidant activity than AALP-H. In forced swimming tests on mice, AALP-U could significantly prolong swimming time with a dose-dependent effect, increase liver and muscle glycogen levels, and improve other biochemical indices, thus showing great potential for application in functional food.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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