An efficient protocol for the synthesis of indenones has been developed via the annulation of benzoic esters and internal alkynes by exploiting the cobalt catalyst.
N-staging is a determining factor for prognostic assessment and decision-making for stage-based cancer therapeutic strategies. Visual inspection of whole-slides of intact lymph nodes is currently the ...main method used by pathologists to calculate the number of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs). Moreover, even at the same N stage, the outcome of patients varies dramatically. Here, we propose a deep-learning framework for analyzing lymph node whole-slide images (WSIs) to identify lymph nodes and tumor regions, and then to uncover tumor-area-to-MLN-area ratio (T/MLN). After training, our model's tumor detection performance was comparable to that of experienced pathologists and achieved similar performance on two independent gastric cancer validation cohorts. Further, we demonstrate that T/MLN is an interpretable independent prognostic factor. These findings indicate that deep-learning models could assist not only pathologists in detecting lymph nodes with metastases but also oncologists in exploring new prognostic factors, especially those that are difficult to calculate manually.
A direct regioselective acetoxylation of enamides has been accomplished using a combination of Cu(OAc)2 and rhodium catalyst. Cu(OAc)2 is served as the oxidant and also provides the source of acetate ...in the reaction.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Background
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. We sought to explore the CAFs characteristics in hepatocellular ...carcinoma (HCC) and establish a CAF-based risk signature for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients.
Methods
The signal-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data was obtained from the GEO database. Bulk RNA-seq data and microarray data of HCC were obtained from the TCGA and GEO databases respectively. Seurat R package was applied to process scRNA-seq data and identify CAF clusters according to the CAF markers. Differential expression analysis was performed to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and tumor samples in TCGA dataset. Then Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the DEGs associated with CAF clusters, followed by the univariate Cox regression analysis to identify CAF-related prognostic genes. Lasso regression was implemented to construct a risk signature based on CAF-related prognostic genes. Finally, a nomogram model based on the risk signature and clinicopathological characteristics was developed.
Results
Based on scRNA-seq data, we identified 4 CAF clusters in HCC, 3 of which were associated with prognosis in HCC. A total of 423 genes were identified from 2811 DEGs to be significantly correlated with CAF clusters, and were narrowed down to generate a risk signature with 6 genes. These six genes were primarily connected with 39 pathways, such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, and hypoxia. Meanwhile, the risk signature was significantly associated with stromal and immune scores, as well as some immune cells. Multivariate analysis revealed that risk signature was an independent prognostic factor for HCC, and its value in predicting immunotherapeutic outcomes was confirmed. A novel nomogram integrating the stage and CAF-based risk signature was constructed, which exhibited favorable predictability and reliability in the prognosis prediction of HCC.
Conclusion
CAF-based risk signatures can effectively predict the prognosis of HCC, and comprehensive characterization of the CAF signature of HCC may help to interpret the response of HCC to immunotherapy and provide new strategies for cancer treatment.
Cytosine methylation is a well recognized epigenetic mark. Here, the methylation status of a salinity-tolerant wheat cultivar (cv. SR3, derived from a somatic hybridization event) and its progenitor ...parent (cv. JN177) was explored both globally and within a set of 24 genes responsive to salinity stress. A further comparison was made between DNA extracted from plants grown under control conditions and when challenged by salinity stress. The SR3 and JN177 genomes differed with respect to their global methylation level, and methylation levels were reduced by exposure to salinity stress. We found the genetic stress- (triggered by a combination of different genomes in somatic hybridization) induced methylation pattern of 13 loci in non-stressed SR3; the same 13 loci were found to undergo methylation in salinity-stressed JN177. For the salinity-responsive genes, SR3 and JN177 also showed different methylation modifications. C methylation polymorphisms induced by salinity stress were present in both the promoter and coding regions of some of the 24 selected genes, but only the former were associated with changes in transcript abundance. The expression of both TaFLS1 (encoding a flavonol synthase) and TaWRSI5 (encoding a Bowman-Birk-type protease inhibitor), which showed both a different expression and a different DNA methylation level between SR3 and JN177, enhanced the salinity tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana. C methylation changes appear to be a common component of the plant response to stress, and methylation changes triggered by somatic hybridization may contribute to the superior salinity tolerance of SR3.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper uses nonlinear dynamic system thinking to evaluate the ecological environment of landscaping. In this paper, the mathematical models of landscape dimension, fragmentation index, diversity ...index, and aggregation index are constructed using an artificial neural network combined with a fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering nonlinear thinking system. In the end, this paper plans and evaluates the ecological environment of S city. Through the analysis of the model, it is verified that the nonlinear artificial neural network system combined with fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering proposed in this paper is an effective method for forest landscape planning and evaluation. The scope and feasibility of this method are high.
•Daily to seasonal river sediment transport has been investigated in Tibetan area.•The freeze–thaw increased loose sediment generation.•The freeze–thaw cycles enhanced surface erosion in pre–monsoon ...period.•NE Tibetan Plateau showed max. ∼ 2 °C warming over the past 30 years.
Global warming and intensified climate variability have greatly affected Earth’s surface processes and continental sediment evacuation. River suspended sediment is a sensitive indicator for tracing seasonal surface erosion, but details of the rates of sediment generation and evacuation, and their connections with nowadays warming climate are not entirely clear, particularly in Tibet and other high–altitude areas where field observations remain scarce. Here, we investigate daily to seasonal river sediment transport dynamics between the cold, permafrost–dominated northeastern Tibetan Plateau and warm, non–permafrost Sichuan and Taiwan regions. Our results show that at a given river water discharge, greater river suspended sediment was evacuated during the pre–monsoon season (April–Mid June) relative to other seasons in the cold NE Tibetan catchments. In contrast, no such phenomenon was observed in the warm, non–permafrost regions. These comparisons likely indicate a center role of freeze–thaw processes on loose sediment generation, which enhanced sediment output. Hydrometeorological records show up to ∼2 °C warming in the NE Tibetan Plateau since the past 30 years, coupled with an 8-fold increase in sediment transport. We suggest that continuous warming climate may further accelerate sediment and soil carbon release in the Tibetan Plateau and other global permafrost–dominated areas, which in turn influences climate feedback.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Background
Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is a promising minimally invasive treatment for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Postoperative rehabilitation can improve patient ...outcomes. Not only rehabilitation for surgical trauma but also rehabilitation for lumbar spine and lower kinetic chain dysfunction should be performed. The aims of this study were to investigate the efficacy of a lumbar kinetic chain training for staged rehabilitation after PELD for LDH.
Methods
Fifty one LDH patients treated with PELD were studied. After surgery, patients underwent lumbar kinetic chain training for staged rehabilitation( staged group) or regular low back rehabilitation (regular group). The staged rehabilitation programme included three phases from 2 to 6, 7–12, and 13–24 weeks postoperatively, and different physical therapies were performed during these phases. The low back pain visual analogue scale (VAS), JOA score, ODI, SF-36, and cross-sectional area of the lumbar multifidus on MRI were assessed, and gait analysis was performed.
Results
Twenty five patients in staged group and twenty six patients in regular group were included. There were no significant differences in age or sex between the two groups at baseline (
p
> 0.05). The VAS score decreased and the JOA and SF-36 scores increased in both groups from baseline to 6 weeks (
P
< 0.05). In the staged group, compared with the regular group, the VAS and ODI scores were lower and the JOA and SF-36 scores were higher at 6 weeks (
P
< 0.05); the VAS and ODI scores were lower and the SF-36 score was higher at 12 weeks (
P
< 0.05); the SF-36 score was higher at 24 weeks (
P
< 0.05); the cross-sectional area of the lumbar multifidus showed no differences at 12 weeks (
P
> 0.05); and the left-right support ratio of gait was higher at 24 weeks (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusions
The staged rehabilitation programme for LDH after PELD promoted postoperative recovery, and the efficacy of lumbar kinetic chain training was higher than that of regular low back muscle exercise.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Nanoporous carbon (NPC) derived from waste polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) bottles was prepared by a MgO-templated method and employed as a support for a highly dispersed platinum catalyst. The NPCs ...and Pt/NPCs catalysts were characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, XRD and ICP-OES. The catalytic performance of the NPC supported Pt catalysts for reductive alkylation of
p
-aminodiphenylamine (
p
-ADPA) with methyl isoamyl ketone (MIAK) was investigated. The textural properties of the NPC prepared could be tailored by changing the size of the MgO-template and the MgO/waste PET powder mass ratio. When the pore size was below 14 nm, the catalytic performance of the Pt/NPCs for the reductive alkylation could be improved with increasing the pore size of the NPCs. Profiting from the higher mechanical strength and the ideal pore structure, Pt/O@NPC50(1/1)-PTA had excellent reusability, which could maintain 98% conversion of
p
-ADPA after reused 10 times.
Nanoporous carbon (NPC) derived from waste polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) bottles was prepared by a MgO-templated method and employed as a support for a highly dispersed platinum catalyst.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
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