Abscisic acid （ABA） plays crucial roles in plant growth and development, as well as in response to various environmental stresses. To date, many regulatory genes involved in the ABA response network ...have been identified; however, their roles have remained to be fully elucidated. In this study, we iden- tified AtYY1, an Arabidopsis homolog of the mammalian C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor Yin Yang 1 （YY1）, as a novel negative regulator of the ABA response. AtYY1 is a dual-function transcription factor with both repression and activation domains. The expression of AtYY1 was induced by ABA and stress conditions including high salt and dehydration. The yyl mutant was more sensitive to ABA and NaCI than the wild-type, while overexpressing AtYY1 plants were less sensitive. AtYY1 loss also enhanced ABA-induced stomatal closing and drought resistance. Moreover, AtYYI can bind the ABA REPRESSOR1 （ABR1） promoter and directly upregulate ABR1 expression, as well as negatively regulate ABA- and saR-responsive gene expression. Additional analysis indicated that ABA INSENSITIVE4 （ABI4） might positively regulate AtYY1 expression and that ABR1 can antagonize this regulation. Our findings provide direct evidence that AtYY1 is a novel negative regulator of the ABA response network and that the ABI4-AtYY1-ABR1 regulatory pathway may fine-tune ABA-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Type I photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a promising treatment modality for tumors with intrinsic hypoxia. However, type I photosensitizers (PSs), especially ones with near infrared (NIR) ...absorption, are limited and their efficacy needs improvement via new targeting tactics. We develop a NIR type I PS by engineering acridinium derived donor‐π‐acceptor systems. The PS exhibits an exclusive type I PDT mechanism due to effective intersystem crossing and disfavored energy transfer to O2, and shows selective binding to G‐quadruplexes (G4s) via hydrogen bonds identified by a molecular docking study. Moreover, it enables fluorogenic detection of G4s and efficient O2⋅− production in hypoxic conditions, leading to immunogenic cell death and substantial variations of gene expression in RNA sequencing. Our strategy demonstrates augmented antitumor immunity for effective ablation of immunogenic cold tumor, highlighting its potential of RNA‐targeted type I PDT in precision cancer therapy.
A near‐infrared (NIR) type I photosensitizer (PS), BAMA, was developed using an acridinium scaffold that enables efficient O2.− production upon targeting G‐quadruplexes (G4s). It was employed for imaging and effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) of an immunogenic cold tumor with bolstered antitumor immunity, raising the possibility of developing efficient PDT through ablation of functional RNAs for cancer therapy.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Over the past three decades, organocatalysis has emerged as a powerful catalysis platform and has gradually been incorporated into the routine synthetic toolbox to obtain chiral molecules. However, ...its application in the site- and enantioselective functionalization of inactive aryl C-H bonds remains in its infancy. Here, we present an organocatalyst-controlled para-selective arene C-H functionalization strategy that addresses this issue, which remains an enduring challenge in arene functionalization chemistry. By emulating enzyme catalysis, the chiral phosphoric acid catalyst offers an ideal chiral environment for stereoinduction, and the projecting substituents give control of chemo- and site-selectivity. Various types of nucleophile are compatible with this method, affording more than 100 para-selective adducts with stereodefined carbon centres or axes in viable molecular contexts. This protocol is expected to provide a general strategy for para-selective functionalization of arene C-H bonds in a controlled manner.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ
Stem cell senescence is an important cause of aging. Delaying senescence may present a novel way to combat aging and age‐associated diseases. This study provided a mechanistic insight into the ...protective effect of ganoderic acid D (GA‐D) against human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell (hAMSCs) senescence. GA‐D, a Ganoderma lucidum‐derived triterpenoid, markedly prevented hAMSCs senescence via activating the Ca2+ calmodulin (CaM)/CaM‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/nuclear erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) axis, and 14‐3‐3ε was identified as a target of GA‐D. 14‐3‐3ε‐encoding gene (YWHAE) knockdown in hAMSCs reversed the activation of the CaM/CaMKII/Nrf2 signals to attenuate the GA‐D anti‐aging effect and increase senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal), p16 and p21 expression levels, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thereby promoting cell cycle arrest and decreasing differentiation potential. YWHAE overexpression maintained or slightly enhanced the GA‐D anti‐aging effect. GA‐D prevented d‐galactose‐caused aging in mice by significantly increasing the total antioxidant capacity, as well as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, and reducing the formation of malondialdehyde, advanced glycation end products, and receptor of advanced glycation end products. Consistent with the protective mechanism of GA‐D against hAMSCs senescence, GA‐D delayed the senescence of bone‐marrow mesenchymal stem cells in this aging model in vivo, reduced SA‐β‐gal and ROS production, alleviated cell cycle arrest, and enhanced cell viability and differentiation via regulating 14‐3‐3ε and CaM/CaMKII/Nrf2 axis. Therefore, GA‐D retards hAMSCs senescence by targeting 14‐3‐3ε to activate the CaM/CaMKII/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the in vivo GA‐D anti‐aging effect may involve the regulation of stem cell senescence via the same signal axis.
GA‐D prevents MSC senescence via regulating 14‐3‐3e to activate the CaM/CaMKII/Nrf2 pathway; GA‐D prevents d‐gal‐caused aging in mice by enhancing antioxidative defense and retards the BMSCs senescence in d‐gal‐caused aging mice; GA‐D may be a potential anti‐aging agent.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Based on field investigations, aerial‐photo morphological analysis, topographic profiling, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of alluvial surfaces, we estimate vertical components of ...the slip rate along the South Heli Shan thrust fault, which lies on the northern margin of the Hexi Corridor and the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The fault consists of three segments with scarp heights ranging from less than 1 m to more than 16 m. OSL dating indicates that most of the alluvial fans cut by fault scarps formed during the transition from the last glacial stage to the present interglacial stage from ~19 to ~9 ka along southern Heli Shan and from ~27 ka to ~22 ka along its northern margin. In addition, remnants of older alluvial fan have been abandoned after ~67 ka. Scarp heights increase from west to east and reach a maximum of more than 16 m near the eastern end. Using three approaches, we calculate late Quaternary slip rates for each of the three fault segments along the southern margin and the fault on the northern flank. These approaches yield maximum vertical slip rates from 0.18 to 0.2 mm/a for the western segment, 0.3 to 0.43 mm/a for the central segment, 0.36 to 0.53 mm/a for the eastern segment, and 0.21 mm/a for the Wutongjing Fault, which lies on the north side of the Heli Shan. For a range of likely fault dips, these correspond to 0.1–0.2 mm/a of average horizontal shortening for the western segment, and increase to 0.4–0.5 mm/a across the eastern segment of the southern Heli Shan Fault. Combining the height of the eastern parts of the Heli Shan (Daqing Peak) above the Hei He (a major river that incised the western end of the range) and the vertical component of the slip rate of the eastern segment, we suggest that the Heli Shan was uplifted by motion on the South Heli Shan Fault beginning sometime between 1 and 4 Ma, most likely since ~2 Ma. This age suggests that the Tibetan Plateau continues to grow northeastward across the Hexi Corridor.
Key PointsHolocene slip rates along the South Heli Shan fault is slow, ~0.18 to ~5.3 mm/yrThe mountain of Heli Shan began to emerge since ~2 MaThis Tibetan Plateau continues to grow across the Hexi Corridor
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Moisture harvesters with favourable attributes such as easy synthetic availability and good processability as alternatives for atmospheric moisture harvesting (AWH) are desirable. We report here a ...novel nonporous anionic coordination polymer (CP) of uranyl squarate with methyl viologen (MV2+) as charge balancing ions (named U-Squ-CP) which displays intriguing sequential water sorption/desorption behavior as the relative humidity (RH) changes gradually. The evaluation of AWH performance of U-Squ-CP shows that it can absorb water vapor under air atmosphere at a low RH of 20% typical of the levels found in most dry regions of the world, and have good cycling durability, thus demonstrating the capability as a potential moisture harvester for AWH. To our knowledge, this is the first report on non-porous organic ligand bridged CP materials for AWH. Moreover, a stepwise water-filling mechanism for the water sorption/desorption process is deciphered by comprehensive characterizations combining single-crystal diffraction, which provides a reasonable explanation for the special moisture harvesting behaviour of this non-porous crystalline material.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Anthracnose is a major leaf disease in tea plant induced by
, which has led to substantial losses in yield and quality of tea. The molecular mechanism with regards to responses or resistance to ...anthracnose in tea remains unclear. A de novo transcriptome assembly dataset was generated from healthy and anthracnose-infected leaves on tea cultivars "Longjing-43" (LJ43) and "Zhenong-139" (ZN139), with 381.52 million pair-end reads, encompassing 47.78 billion bases. The unigenes were annotated versus Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant protein sequences (Nr), evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG) and Swiss-prot. The number of differential expression genes (DEGs) detected between healthy and infected leaves was 1621 in LJ43 and 3089 in ZN139. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were highly enriched in catalytic activity, oxidation-reduction, cell-wall reinforcement, plant hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interaction. Further studies by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that expression of genes involved in endogenous salicylic acid biosynthesis and also accumulation of foliar salicylic acid are involved in the response of tea plant to anthracnose infection. This study firstly provided novel insight in salicylic acid acting as a key compound in the responses of tea plant to anthracnose disease. The transcriptome dataset in this study will facilitate to profile gene expression and metabolic networks associated with tea plant immunity against anthracnose.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Increasing evidence highlights the role of bacteria in promoting tumorigenesis. The underlying mechanisms may be diverse and remain poorly understood. Here, we report that Salmonella infection leads ...to extensive de/acetylation changes in host cell proteins. The acetylation of mammalian cell division cycle 42 (CDC42), a member of the Rho family of GTPases involved in many crucial signaling pathways in cancer cells, is drastically reduced after bacterial infection. CDC42 is deacetylated by SIRT2 and acetylated by p300/CBP. Non-acetylated CDC42 at lysine 153 shows an impaired binding of its downstream effector PAK4 and an attenuated phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, consequently reduces cell apoptosis. The reduction in K153 acetylation also enhances the migration and invasion ability of colon cancer cells. The low level of K153 acetylation in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) predicts a poor prognosis. Taken together, our findings suggest a new mechanism of bacterial infection-induced promotion of colorectal tumorigenesis by modulation of the CDC42-PAK axis through manipulation of CDC42 acetylation.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study prepared textured (Ti1/3Zr1/3Hf1/3)B2 medium‐entropy ceramics for the first time that maintain enhanced flexural strength up to 1800°C using single‐phase (Ti1/3Zr1/3Hf1/3)B2 powders, slip ...casting under a strong magnetic field, and hot‐pressed sintering methods. Effects of WC additive and strong magnetic field direction on the phase compositions, orientation degree, microstructure evolution, and high‐temperature flexural strength of (Ti1/3Zr1/3Hf1/3)B2 were investigated. (Ti1/3Zr1/3Hf1/3)B2 grain grows along the a,b‐axes, resulting in a platelet‐like morphology. Pressure parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field direction can promote the orientation degree and hinder the texture structure formation, respectively. Reaction products of W(B,C) and (Ti,Zr,Hf)C between (Ti1/3Zr1/3Hf1/3)B2 and WC additive can efficiently refine the (Ti1/3Zr1/3Hf1/3)B2 grain size and promote grain orientation. (Ti1/3Zr1/3Hf1/3)B2 ceramics doped with 5 vol.% WC yielded a Lotgering orientation factor of 0.74 through slip casting under a strong magnetic field (12 T) and hot‐pressed sintering at 1900°C. Furthermore, cleaning the boundary by W(B,C) and introducing texture can enhance the grain‐boundary strength and improve its high‐temperature flexural strength. The four‐point flexural strength of textured (Ti1/3Zr1/3Hf1/3)B2‐5 vol.% WC ceramics was 770 ± 59 MPa at 1600°C and 638 ± 117 MPa at 1800°C.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A new fluorescent probe (Q-lipo) was developed by conjugating a xanthene scaffold with a quinoline moiety for activatable imaging of lipophagy. Q-lipo with acidic pH activated near infrared ...fluorescence and the lipid droplet targeting ability allowed activatable fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry detection of lipophagy in live cells with high contrast. It was further utilized to study the effect of tumor-microenvironment related conditions on lipophagy. Q-lipo would provide a useful tool for studying lipophagy in live cells.
The schematic illustration of Q-lipo for activatable imaging of lipophagy.
PDF
