Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of plant communities in forest ecosystems. Most previous studies about AMF have been conducted in ...natural forests, and little attention has been paid to trees in planted forests. This study investigated AMF associated with tree species and the relationships between edaphic factors and AMF communities in a planted forest of eastern China. We found high total AMF colonization rates in the roots of Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makinoz, Taxodium ‘zhongshansha’, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., and Elaeagnus pungens Thunb., ranging from 62.07% to 100%, indicating that AMF can establish effective symbiotic relationships with these tree species. The AMF colonization rate was significantly and negatively correlated with soil phosphorus, while AMF colonization intensity was significantly and negatively correlated with soil moisture content, total carbon, and organic matter content. Spore density was in the range of 4.38 to 76.38 spores per g soil. In total, 35 AMF species from 10 genera were identified. Glomus and Acaulospora were the dominant genera. Acaulospora foveata and Septoglomus constrictum were the dominant species. AMF communities differed among the tree species and were closely related to edaphic factors, and AMF diversity was significantly related to soil carbon and pH. Our results revealed the colonization, community, and diversity of AMF associated with tree species, as well as their relationships with edaphic factors, in planted forests. Our findings can be used to provide insight on the utilization and management of AMF to maintain sustainable management of planted forests.
This study reports the synthesis of a flexible light‐emitting polymer film by casting the solution formed by blending poly2‐methoxy‐5‐((2‐ethylhexyl)oxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene (MEH‐PPV) with ...poly(styrene‐co‐butadiene‐co‐styrene) (SBS). Scanning force microscopy (SFM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirm that MEH‐PPV molecules are selectively positioned in the polystyrene (PS) domain of the fabricated film. As MEH‐PPV molecules are dissolved in the PS phase without aggregation, the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the MEH‐PPV/SBS film exhibits a nanometer‐scale bicontinuous luminescent domain with low aggregation quenching. Furthermore, the MEH‐PPV/SBS film exhibits typical elastomeric characteristics (with linear elasticity, a plateau, and densification regions in its stress–strain curves), and its tensile properties are comparable to those of neat SBS films. As MEH‐PPV molecules are almost absent in the polybutadiene (PB) phase (which influences the bulk‐film elastic properties), the concentration of MEH‐PPV shows very little effect on the elastic properties of the composite film.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Three limitations between the superpixel-based and VS-based FR-IQA models are found.•We found that the two approaches have a complementary principle.•Base on this principle, a FR-IQA model for ...synergizing superpixel and VS is proposed.•The proposed method can address the limitations and outperform the state-of-the-art.
Superpixel and saliency-based evaluation methods play important roles in full reference image quality assessment (FR IQA). However, we find that these methods have one complementary principle and three limitations: (1) the weighted maps of superpixel-based methods conflict with the perception of the human visual system; (2) saliency-based methods are inefficient in terms of the block distortion; (3) the general two-direction gradient extraction factor must be extended to be multidirectional. To address these limitations, we propose an enhanced image quality assessment by synergizing superpixels and visual saliency. Specifically, the calculation of a newly proposed framework involves three similarities and two strategies: the saliency, superpixel and multidirectional gradient similarities of the neighborhoods, and the saliency pooling strategy, the fusion strategy of these similarities. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively address the limitations noted above and outperform the existing methods.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have garnered interest because of their roles in cancer progression. We aimed to explore the role of the lncRNA embigin pseudogene 1 (EMBP1)-miR-9-5p axis in renal cell ...carcinoma (RCC).
Expression profiling of miR-9-5p and EMBP1 were performed in RCC cell lines and tumor samples. To evaluate miR-9-5p and EMBP1's role in proliferation, invasion, migration, and colony formation, we performed in vitro assays along with studies in a xenograft tumor model. In silico binding site analysis using the RNA22 algorithm, RNA-immunoprecipitation (RIP), and luciferase reporter assays were used to validate a direct interaction between EMBP1 and miR-9-5p. Changes in key proteins were also analyzed.
miR-9-5p was significantly down-regulated, and EMBP1 was significantly up-regulated, in RCC cell lines and tumor tissue. The clinicopathological characteristics of RCC patients significantly correlated with their expression. Overexpression of miR-9-5p or EMBP1 suppression in RCC cell lines significantly retarded their proliferative, migratory, and invasive behavior, in addition to promoting apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. EMBP1 directly binds to and negatively regulates miR-9-5p. The EMBP1-miR-9-5p axis dysregulated the expression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers E-cadherin, claudin, and vimentin, the stemness markers KLF4 and Nanog, and the cell cycle checkpoint gene cyclin E2 (CCNE2) and its downstream mediator E2F1. miR-9-5p overexpression or EMBP1 suppression inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo, effects that were abrogated by CCNE2 overexpression.
Our findings suggest an important role of the EMBP1/miR-9-5p axis dysregulation in RCC tumor progression.
Los ARN no codificantes largos (ARNncl) han recibido interés debido a sus diversos roles en la progresión del cáncer. Nuestro objetivo era explorar el rol del eje ARNncl pseudogén embigin 1 (EMBP1)-miR-9-5p en el carcinoma de células renales (CCR).
La descripción de la expresión de miR-9-5p y EMBP1 se realizó en líneas de células del CCR y muestras tumorales. Para evaluar el rol de miR-9-5p y EMBP1 en la proliferación, la invasión, la migración y la formación de colonias, realizamos ensayos in vitro junto con estudios en un modelo de tumor de xenotrasplante. Se utilizaron análisis del lugar de unión in silico mediante el algoritmo RNA22, inmunoprecipitación de ARN (RIP) y ensayos de luciferasa para validar una interacción directa entre EMBP1 y miR-9-5p. También se analizaron los cambios en las principales proteínas.
El compuesto miR-9-5p se reguló a la baja significativamente y EMBP1 se reguló al alza significativamente, en las líneas de células del CCR y en el tejido tumoral. Las características clinicopatológicas de los pacientes con CCR estaban significativamente relacionadas con su expresión. La sobreexpresión de miR-9-5p o la supresión de EMBP1 en las líneas de células del CCR retrasó significativamente su comportamiento proliferativo, migratorio e invasivo, además de favorecer la apoptosis y la detención del ciclo celular. EMBP1 se une directamente a miR-9-5p y lo regula negativamente. El eje EMBP1/miR-9-5p desreguló la expresión de los marcadores de la transición epitelio-mesénquima (TEM), E-cadherina, claudina y vimentina, los marcadores de troncalidad KLF4 y Nanog, y el gen de punto de control del ciclo celular ciclina E2 (CCNE2) y su mediador descendente E2F1. La sobreexpresión de miR-9-5p o la supresión de EMBP1 inhibió el crecimiento del tumor de xenotrasplante in vivo, efectos que fueron invalidados por la sobreexpresión de CCNE2.
Nuestros hallazgos sugieren un rol importante de la desregulación del eje EMBP1/miR-9-5p en la progresión tumoral del CCR.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Introduction and objectives: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have garnered interest because of their roles in cancer progression. We aimed to explore the role of the lncRNA embigin pseudogene 1 ...(EMBP1)-miR-9-5p axis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and methods: Expression profiling of miR-9-5p and EMBP1 were performed in RCC cell lines and tumor samples. To evaluate miR-9-5p and EMBP1's role in proliferation, invasion, migration, and colony formation, we performed in vitro assays along with studies in a xenograft tumor model. In silico binding site analysis using the RNA22 algorithm, RNA-immunoprecipitation (RIP), and luciferase reporter assays were used to validate a direct interaction between EMBP1 and miR-9-5p. Changes in key proteins were also analyzed. Results: miR-9-5p was significantly down-regulated, and EMBP1 was significantly up-regulated, in RCC cell lines and tumor tissue. The clinicopathological characteristics of RCC patients significantly correlated with their expression. Overexpression of miR-9-5p or EMBP1 suppression in RCC cell lines significantly retarded their proliferative, migratory, and invasive behavior, in addition to promoting apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. EMBP1 directly binds to and negatively regulates miR-9-5p. The EMBP1-miR-9-5p axis dysregulated the expression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers E-cadherin, claudin, and vimentin, the stemness markers KLF4 and Nanog, and the cell cycle checkpoint gene cyclin E2 (CCNE2) and its downstream mediator E2F1. miR-9-5p overexpression or EMBP1 suppression inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo, effects that were abrogated by CCNE2 overexpression. Conclusions: Our findings suggest an important role of the EMBP1/miR-9-5p axis dysregulation in RCC tumor progression. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: Los ARN no codificantes largos (ARNncl) han recibido interés debido a sus diversos roles en la progresión del cáncer. Nuestro objetivo era explorar el rol del eje ARNncl pseudogén embigin 1 (EMBP1)-miR-9-5p en el carcinoma de células renales (CCR). Materiales y métodos: La descripción de la expresión de miR-9-5p y EMBP1 se realizó en líneas de células del CCR y muestras tumorales. Para evaluar el rol de miR-9-5p y EMBP1 en la proliferación, la invasión, la migración y la formación de colonias, realizamos ensayos in vitro junto con estudios en un modelo de tumor de xenotrasplante. Se utilizaron análisis del lugar de unión in silico mediante el algoritmo RNA22, inmunoprecipitación de ARN (RIP) y ensayos de luciferasa para validar una interacción directa entre EMBP1 y miR-9-5p. También se analizaron los cambios en las principales proteínas. Resultados: El compuesto miR-9-5p se reguló a la baja significativamente y EMBP1 se reguló al alza significativamente, en las líneas de células del CCR y en el tejido tumoral. Las características clinicopatológicas de los pacientes con CCR estaban significativamente relacionadas con su expresión. La sobreexpresión de miR-9-5p o la supresión de EMBP1 en las líneas de células del CCR retrasó significativamente su comportamiento proliferativo, migratorio e invasivo, además de favorecer la apoptosis y la detención del ciclo celular. EMBP1 se une directamente a miR-9-5p y lo regula negativamente. El eje EMBP1/miR-9-5p desreguló la expresión de los marcadores de la transición epitelio-mesénquima (TEM), E-cadherina, claudina y vimentina, los marcadores de troncalidad KLF4 y Nanog, y el gen de punto de control del ciclo celular ciclina E2 (CCNE2) y su mediador descendente E2F1. La sobreexpresión de miR-9-5p o la supresión de EMBP1 inhibió el crecimiento del tumor de xenotrasplante in vivo, efectos que fueron invalidados por la sobreexpresión de CCNE2. Conclusiones: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren un rol importante de la desregulación del eje EMBP1/miR-9-5p en la progresión tumoral del CCR.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have garnered interest because of their roles in cancer progression. We aimed to explore the role of the lncRNA embigin pseudogene 1 (EMBP1)-miR-9-5p axis in renal cell ...carcinoma (RCC).
Expression profiling of miR-9-5p and EMBP1 were performed in RCC cell lines and tumor samples. To evaluate miR-9-5p and EMBP1's role in proliferation, invasion, migration, and colony formation, we performed in vitro assays along with studies in a xenograft tumor model. In silico binding site analysis using the RNA22 algorithm, RNA-immunoprecipitation (RIP), and luciferase reporter assays were used to validate a direct interaction between EMBP1 and miR-9-5p. Changes in key proteins were also analyzed.
miR-9-5p was significantly down-regulated, and EMBP1 was significantly up-regulated, in RCC cell lines and tumor tissue. The clinicopathological characteristics of RCC patients significantly correlated with their expression. Overexpression of miR-9-5p or EMBP1 suppression in RCC cell lines significantly retarded their proliferative, migratory, and invasive behavior, in addition to promoting apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. EMBP1 directly binds to and negatively regulates miR-9-5p. The EMBP1-miR-9-5p axis dysregulated the expression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers E-cadherin, claudin, and vimentin, the stemness markers KLF4 and Nanog, and the cell cycle checkpoint gene cyclin E2 (CCNE2) and its downstream mediator E2F1. miR-9-5p overexpression or EMBP1 suppression inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo, effects that were abrogated by CCNE2 overexpression.
Our findings suggest an important role of the EMBP1/miR-9-5p axis dysregulation in RCC tumor progression.
Los ARN no codificantes largos (ARNncl) han recibido interés debido a sus diversos roles en la progresión del cáncer. Nuestro objetivo era explorar el rol del eje ARNncl pseudogén embigin 1 (EMBP1)-miR-9-5p en el carcinoma de células renales (CCR).
La descripción de la expresión de miR-9-5p y EMBP1 se realizó en líneas de células del CCR y muestras tumorales. Para evaluar el rol de miR-9-5p y EMBP1 en la proliferación, la invasión, la migración y la formación de colonias, realizamos ensayos in vitro junto con estudios en un modelo de tumor de xenotrasplante. Se utilizaron análisis del lugar de unión in silico mediante el algoritmo RNA22, inmunoprecipitación de ARN (RIP) y ensayos de luciferasa para validar una interacción directa entre EMBP1 y miR-9-5p. También se analizaron los cambios en las principales proteínas.
El compuesto miR-9-5p se reguló a la baja significativamente y EMBP1 se reguló al alza significativamente, en las líneas de células del CCR y en el tejido tumoral. Las características clinicopatológicas de los pacientes con CCR estaban significativamente relacionadas con su expresión. La sobreexpresión de miR-9-5p o la supresión de EMBP1 en las líneas de células del CCR retrasó significativamente su comportamiento proliferativo, migratorio e invasivo, además de favorecer la apoptosis y la detención del ciclo celular. EMBP1 se une directamente a miR-9-5p y lo regula negativamente. El eje EMBP1/miR-9-5p desreguló la expresión de los marcadores de la transición epitelio-mesénquima (TEM), E-cadherina, claudina y vimentina, los marcadores de troncalidad KLF4 y Nanog, y el gen de punto de control del ciclo celular ciclina E2 (CCNE2) y su mediador descendente E2F1. La sobreexpresión de miR-9-5p o la supresión de EMBP1 inhibió el crecimiento del tumor de xenotrasplante in vivo, efectos que fueron invalidados por la sobreexpresión de CCNE2.
Nuestros hallazgos sugieren un rol importante de la desregulación del eje EMBP1/miR-9-5p en la progresión tumoral del CCR.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A recent genome-wide association study showed that the rs9939609 polymorphism in the fat mass and obesity-associated (
FTO
) gene was associated with body mass index (BMI)/obesity in Europeans. ...Subsequently, several studies have investigated the association between
FTO
polymorphism and cancer risk. However, the results have been inconsistent. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between
FTO
polymorphism and cancer risk. Published literature from PubMed and Embase databases were retrieved. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was calculated using fixed-effects model. A total of 13 studies involving 16,277 cases and 31,153 controls were identified. The results suggested that
FTO
rs9939609 polymorphism was not significantly associated with the increased risk of cancer (OR = 1.01, 95 %CI 0.98–1.04), with the exception that a statistically significant association was found for pancreatic cancer (OR = 1.10, 95 %CI 1.03–1.19). No publication bias was detected (Begg’s test:
P
= 0.760; Egger’s test:
P
= 0.553). Our meta-analysis indicated that there was no association between
FTO
rs9939609 polymorphism and the increased risk of cancer, although this polymorphism was marginally associated with pancreatic cancer. However, the conclusion should be made with caution since most included studies did not take BMI/obesity into account.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are ingredients extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herb Panax notoginseng. PNS demonstrate extensive effects on the cardiovascular system. Here we show that ...PNS inhibit zymosan A induced atherogenesis by suppressing FAK phosphorylation, Integrins’ expression and NF-κB translocation.
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are ingredients extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herb Panax notoginseng. It has been demonstrated that PNS have extensive effects on the cardiovascular system, including inhibition of platelet aggregation, increasing blood flow, improving left ventricular diastolic function in hypertensive patients and anti-inflammatory effect.
Recent researches indicated that PNS administration inhibited foam cells’ formation. The present study was designed to study the effects of PNS on atherogenesis and to explore the relevant molecular mechanisms.
The Zymosan A induced atherosclerosis models were used to investigate the anti-atherosclerosis effects of PNS. The integrin express array was used to check the changes of integrins. The foam cell formation was observed with transmission electron microscope. The effect of PNS on phosphorylation of FAK on threonine 397 and protein level of NF-κB was also evaluated in vitro.
PNS treated rats had less plaque spots on the aortas compared with Zym induced group. The formation of foam cell was inhibited by PNS. Compared with Zym treated group, the expression of most integrin families decreased except Itgav and Itgb2 after PNS treatment. PNS inhibited phosphorylation of FAK on threonine 397 and translocation of NF-κB.
High fat diet together with Zym induces atherogenesis of rat. PNS inhibits zymosan A induced atherogenesis by suppressing FAK phosphorylation, integrins expression and NF-κB translocation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Various combinations of diamond, moissanite, zircon, quartz, corundum, rutile, titanite, almandine garnet, kyanite, and andalusite have been recovered from the Dangqiong peridotites. More than 80 ...grains of diamond have been recovered, most of which are pale yellow to reddish-orange to colorless. The grains are all 100-200 μm in size and mostly anhedral, but with a range of morphologies including elongated, octahedral and subhedral varieties. Their identification was confirmed by a characteristic shift in the Raman spectra between 1325 cm^-1 and 1333 cm^-1, mostly at 1331.51 cm^-1 or 1326.96 cm^-1. Integration of the mineralogical, petrological and geochemical data for the Dongqiong peridotites suggests a multi-stage formation for this body and similar ophiolites in the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone. Chromian spinel grains and perhaps small bodies of chromitite crystallized at various depths in the upper mantle, and encapsulated the UHP, highly reduced and crustal minerals. Some oceanic crustal slabs containing the chromian spinel and their inclusion were later trapped in suprasubduction zones（SSZ）, where they were modified by island arc tholeiitic and boninitic magmas, thus changing the chromian spinel compositions and depositing chromitite ores in melt channels.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In recent years diamonds and other exotic minerals have been recovered from mantle peridotites and high-Cr chromitites of a number of ophiolites of different age and different tectonic environments. ...Here we report a similar collection of minerals from the Sartohay ophiolite of Xinjiang Province, western China, which is characterized by having high-Al chromitites. Several samples of massive podiform chromitite with an aggregate weight of nearly 900 kg yielded diamonds, moissanite and other highly reduced minerals, as well as common crustal minerals. Thus far, more than 20 grains each of diamond and moissanite have been recovered from heavy mineral separates of the chromitites. The diamonds are all 100-200 μm in size and range in color from pale yellow to reddish-orange to colorless. Most of the grains are anhedral to subhedral octahedra, commonly with elongate forms exhibiting well-developed striations. They all display characteristic Raman spectra with shifts between 1325 cm^-1 and 1333 cm^-1, mostly 1331.51 cm^-1 or 1326.96 cm^-1. The moissanite grains are light blue to dark blue, broken crystals, 50-150 μm across, commonly occurring as small flakes or fragments. Their typical Raman spectra have shifts at 762 cm^-1, 785 cm^-1, and 966 cm^-1. This investigation extends the occurrence of diamonds and moissanite to a Paleozoic ophiolite in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and demonstrates that these minerals can also occur in high-Al chromitites. We conclude that diamonds and moissanite are likely to be ubiquitous in ophiolitic mantle peridotites and chromitites.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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