The arteries of the lower limbs are innervated by vascular branches (VBs) originating from the lumbar sympathetic trunk and branches of the spinal nerve. Although lumbar sympathectomy is used to ...treat nonreconstructive critical lower limb ischemia (CLLI), it has limited long‐term effects. In addition, the anatomical structure of tibial nerve (TN) VBs remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to clarify their anatomy and better inform the surgical approach for nonreconstructive CLLI. Thirty‐six adult cadavers were dissected under surgical microscopy to observe the patterns and origin points of VBs under direct vision. The calves were anatomically divided into five equal segments, and the number of VB origin points found in each was expressed as a proportion of the total found in the whole calf. Immunofluorescence staining was used to identify the sympathetic nerve fibers of the VBs. Our results showed that the TN gave off 3–4 VBs to innervate the posterior tibial artery (PTA), and the distances between VBs origin points and the medial tibial condyle were: 24.7 ± 16.3 mm, 91.7 ± 66.1 mm, 199.6 ± 52.0 mm, 231.7 ± 38.5 mm, respectively. They were mainly located in the first (40.46%) and fourth (31.68%) calf segments, and immunofluorescence staining showed that they contained tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive sympathetic nerve fibers. These findings indicate that the TN gives off VBs to innervate the PTA and that these contain sympathetic nerve fibers. Therefore, these VBs may need to be cut to surgically treat nonreconstructable CLLI.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Using HPLC/UV/MS, a phytochemical determination of the leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa was obtained.•The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves was determined.•The ...exploration of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural for quality control.•Chemical profile was compared between different Hibiscus sabdariffa populations.
A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous separation, and determination of natural compounds including phenolic acids and flavonoids in the leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa. By analyzing the UV and MS data, and comparison with authenticated standards, 10 polyphenols including neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, quercetin, kaempferol and their glycosides were identified together with 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural. Major constituents in the leaves of 25 different populations from worldwide accessions were quantified and compared with each other. The total phenolic content of each accession was determined using Folin–Ciocalteu assay, ranging from 18.98±2.7 to 29.9±0.5mgGAE/g. Their in vitro antioxidant activities were measured by ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, varying from 17.5 to 152.5±18.8μmolTrolox/g. After the treatment of H. sabdariffa leaf extract, the reduction of LPS-induced NO production dose-dependently in RAW 264.7 cell indicates the extract’s potential anti-inflammatory activity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The phase information's role in deep neural networks (DNNs) to solve the electromagnetic inverse scattering problems is investigated. The feedforward neutral network model with complex-valued (CV) ...data stream and the corresponding CV backpropagation training algorithm are proposed to realize CV convolutional neural networks. Numerical examples are carried out to demonstrate the phase information's role in DNNs in terms of generalization capability as well as the convergence speed in the training stage.
The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (TSPO/PBR) is highly conserved among different species but with perplexing biochemical functions. Multiple ligands of TSPO show commendable regulatory ...activities in lots of biological functions, such as neuro‐protection, cholesterol transport, and so on. These researches support that TSPO may be a potential target for disease treatment and drug development. Previous studies have shown that its ligands benzodiazepines show a satisfactory effect on melanogenic promotion. However, the potential application of TSPO in drug development for pigmentary disorder needs further investigation. In this study, we confirmed the melanogenesis induction of TSPO ligand, Ro5‐4864 in mouse melanoma cell lines, human skin tissue, and zebrafish embryos by inducing melanin synthesis and melanosome transport. Molecular genetics and pharmacological studies showed that TSPO deficiency did not affect melanin production in B16F10 cells and zebrafish embryos, nor did it affect the melanin promotion effect of Ro5‐4864. Whether or not TSPO exists, the expression of lots of melanogenesis‐related proteins, such as TYR, TRP‐1, DCT, Mlph, and Rab27 was upregulated with the Ro5‐4864 administration. These results indicated that Ro5‐4864 induces melanogenesis in a TSPO‐independent manner, which is inconsistent with previous research. This research is a reminder that we need to be very careful during target validation in drug development.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Owing to the early suffering age and the rising incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D), the resulting male reproductive dysfunction and fertility decline have become a disturbing reality worldwide, with ...no effective strategy being available. Icariin (ICA), a flavonoid extracted from Herba Epimedium, has been proved its promising application in improving diabetes-related complications including diabetic nephropathy, endothelial dysfunction and erectile dysfunction. Ensuring the future reproductive health of children and adolescents with T1D is crucial to improve global fertility. However, its roles in the treatment of T1D-induced testicular dysfunction and the potential mechanisms remain elusive.
The purpose of this present study was to investigate whether ICA ameliorates T1D-induced testicular dysfunction as well as its potential mechanisms.
T1D murine model was established by intraperitoneal injection of STZ with or without treated with ICA for eleven weeks. Morphological, pathological and serological experiments were used to determine the efficacy of ICA on male reproductive function of T1D mice. Western blotting, Immunohistochemistry analysis, qRT-PCR and kit determination were performed to investigated the underlying mechanisms.
We found that replenishment of ICA alleviated testicular damage, promoted testosterone production and spermatogenesis, ameliorated apoptosis and blood testis barrier impairment in streptozotocin-induced T1D mice. Functionally, ICA treatment triggered adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which in turn inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) to reduce inflammatory responses in the testis and activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), thereby enhancing testicular antioxidant capacity. Further studies revealed that supplementation with the AMPK antagonist Compound C or depletion of Nrf2 weakened the beneficial effects of ICA on testicular dysfunction of T1D mice.
Collectively, these results demonstrate the feasibility of ICA in the treatment of T1D-induced testicular dysfunction, and reveal the important role of AMPK-mediated Nrf2 activation and NF-κB p65 inhibition in ICA-associated testicular protection during T1D.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The global dynamics in a variety of biological processes can be revealed by mapping transcriptional m
6
A sites, in particular full-transcriptome m
6
A. And individual m
6
A sites have contributed to ...biological function, which can be evaluated by stoichiometric information obtained from the single nucleotide resolution. Currently, the identification of m
6
A sites is mainly carried out by experiment and prediction methods, based on high-throughput sequencing and machine learning model respectively. This review summarizes the recent topics and progress made in bioinformatics methods of deciphering the m
6
A methylation, including the experimental detection of m
6
A methylation sites, techniques of data analysis, the way of predicting m
6
A methylation sites, m
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A methylation databases, and detection of m
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A modification in circRNA. At the end, the essay makes a brief discussion for the development perspective in this area.
In the present work, the magnetization reversal behavior for the melt spinning (Nd
0.8
Ce
0.2
)
2
Fe
12
Co
2−
x
Zr
x
B (
x
= 0, 0.5) permanent alloys with high coercivity was investigated by ...analyzing the hysteresis curves and the recoil loops. Compared to the Zr-free alloy, the Zr-doped sample obtains higher magnetic properties: coercivity of
H
cj
= 650.5 kA·m
−1
, squareness of
H
k
/
H
cj
= 0.76 and maximum energy product of (
BH
)
max
= 131.0 kJ·m
−3
. The first-order reversal curves (FORCs) analysis was taken to identify optimal conditions of exchange coupling for the Zr-free and Zr-doped alloys. The coercivity mechanism of the α-Fe/Nd
2
Fe
14
B nanocomposite alloys was analyzed by the angular dependence of the coercive field as measured for the Zr-doped sample. The results show that the magnetic reverse process of the Zr-doped sample can be explained by the pinning model.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In order to better help doctors make decision in the clinical setting, research is necessary to connect electronic health record (EHR) with the biomedical literature. Pseudo Relevance Feedback (PRF) ...is a kind of classical query modification technique that has shown to be effective in many retrieval models and thus suitable for handling terse language and clinical jargons in EHR. Previous work has introduced a set of constraints (axioms) of traditional PRF model. However, in the feedback document, the importance degree of candidate term and the co-occurrence relationship between a candidate term and a query term. Most methods do not consider both of these factors. Intuitively, terms that have higher co-occurrence degree with a query term are more likely to be related to the query topic.
In this paper, we incorporate original HAL model into the Rocchio's model, and propose a new concept of term proximity feedback weight. A HAL-based Rocchio's model in the query expansion, called HRoc, is proposed. Meanwhile, we design three normalization methods to better incorporate proximity information to query expansion. Finally, we introduce an adaptive parameter to replace the length of sliding window of HAL model, and it can select window size according to document length.
Based on 2016 TREC Clinical Support medicine dataset, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HRoc and HRoc_AP models superior to other advanced models, such as PRoc2 and TF-PRF methods on various evaluation metrics. Among them, compared with the Proc2 and TF-PRF models, the MAP of our model is increased by 8.5% and 12.24% respectively, while the F1 score of our model is increased by 7.86% and 9.88% respectively.
The proposed HRoc model can effectively enhance the precision and the recall rate of Information Retrieval and gets a more precise result than other models. Furthermore, after introducing self-adaptive parameter, the advanced HRoc_AP model uses less hyper-parameters than other models while enjoys an equivalent performance, which greatly improves the efficiency and applicability of the model and thus helps clinicians to retrieve clinical support document effectively.
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