•A gallium-based LM is introduced to significantly enhance heat charging and discharging at the hot/cold sides of TEG for high-temperature waste heat recovery.•An electromagnetic induction pumping ...method for the effective LM-driven flow at high temperatures.•The ΔT of the TEG module is severely limited by the Rcapacity, it accounts for 90.6 % (0.020 ℃/W) at G = 2 L/min.•Compared with Xceltherm 600 and Solar salt, LM heat transfer fluid improves TEG performance by 29.8% and 7.6%, respectively.•The maximum power density achieved by the LM-based TEG system is 0.16 W/cm2 at ΔT of 136 ℃ by the test platform.
It is a challenge to achieve high output power of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) for high-temperature waste heat recovery due to the working fluids with low thermal conductivity (such as air) or low tolerance of temperature (water or oil). In this paper, the gallium-based liquid metal (LM) with a high boiling point (>1000 ℃) and thermal conductivity (>20 W/mK) are introduced to significantly enhance heat charging and discharging at the hot/cold sides of TEG. We also developed an electromagnetic induction pumping method for the effective LM-driven flow at high temperatures. A three-dimensional coupling multi-parameter optimization simulation model of LM-based TEG was developed to reveal the internal heat transfer and power generation mechanism for clarifying the impact factors of the performance. The results have shown that the power generation capacity can be effectively improved by increasing the inlet temperature (Thot-in). It is worth noting that the temperature difference (ΔT) of the TEG module is severely limited by the thermal resistance (Rcapacity) of the LM heat capacity, such as, when the flow rate of 2 L/min, the Rcapacity accounts for 90.6 % (0.020 ℃/W). It is easier to achieve a larger open circuit voltage by increasing the height of the thermoelectric leg, but the Pmax is constantly weakened. Compared with Xceltherm 600 and Solar salt, LM heat transfer fluid has more obvious advantages in enhancing the power generation performance of the system. The LM-based TEG experiment platform was established to study heat transfer and power generation characteristics. The results have demonstrated that good consistency was proved by comparing experimental and numerical data. And the Pmax of the LM-based TEG system is 0.16 W/cm2 at ΔT of 136 ℃. LM-based TEG can open new perspectives for broad applications in high-temperature waste heat recovery.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
492.
Flexible Wearables for Plants (Small 50/2021) Qu, Chun‐Chun; Sun, Xu‐Yang; Sun, Wen‐Xiu ...
Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany),
12/2021, Volume:
17, Issue:
50
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Flexible Wearables for Plants
Recent research progress in flexible wearables for plants is comprehensively reviewed by Xi‐Qing Wang, Zhi‐Zhu He, and co‐workers in article number 2104482. The emerging ...applications of flexible plant wearables, including physiological indicators, surrounding environment, crop quality, and active control of growth, are highlighted. The future opportunities and challenges of plant wearables are also discussed in detail.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging is a new molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that gives contrast at the cellular protein level. To better understand the origin of the APT signal ...in tissue, fresh and cooked hen eggs (
n
= 4) were imaged at 4.7 T. The APT effect was quantified using the asymmetry in the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR
asym
) at the composite amide proton resonance frequency (3.5 ppm from the water resonance). The measured APT signals were significantly higher in the fresh egg white (20.1 ± 0.9%) than in the fresh egg yolk (−1.4 ± 1.1%;
P
< 0.001), and in the cooked egg white (2.8 ± 0.7%;
P
< 0.001), all of which have similar absolute protein contents. The data support the notion that the APT effect observed in vivo is associated with mobile proteins in tissue, such as those in the cytoplasm.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The Bi
2
Te
3
-based bulks are promising thermoelectric materials in the low temperature waste heat recovery area. However, their thermal stability needs to be addressed before they are applied in ...practical thermoelectric devices. In this work, the long-term thermal stabilities of the microstructure, thermoelectric properties and mechanical properties for the p-type Bi
0.44
Sb
1.56
Te
3
polycrystalline bulks have been investigated at 423 and 473 K. The results indicated that the samples could keep the satisfying thermal stability when the service temperature was fixed at 423 K, and the grain size, the volume, the density and the thermoelectric properties of the samples remained almost unchanged during long term service, and the electrical transport properties were even improved with prolonging the servicing time to 168 h. However, when the service temperature was fixed at 473 K, the volume expansion was obvious with prolonging service time, and great quantity of voids were appeared in the bulks due to Te volatilization, which resulted in the obvious increase of the electrical resistivity and the deterioration of the electrical transport properties, and the unsatisfactory decrease of the power factor and the figure of merit. These results suggest that the long-term service temperature of p-type Bi
2
Te
3
-based polycrystalline bulks is only 423 K for the low-temperature thermoelectric power generation.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Although cell polarity plays an important role in epithelial tumorigenesis, the consequence of polarity protein loss in prostatic tumorigenesis and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using ...conditional knockout mouse models, we found in the current study that loss of polarity protein Par3 increases prostatic epithelial cell growth, elevates symmetrical cell divisions in basal cells, and randomizes spindle orientation in luminal cells, causing the development of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Mechanistically, loss of Par3 dissociates the Par3/merlin/Lats1 complex, consequently inhibiting phosphorylation of Lats1 to attenuate the Hippo pathway. Furthermore, attenuated Hippo pathway enhances nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP), which promotes cell proliferation and symmetrical cell divisions through transcriptional activation of Ki-67 and Sox2. In addition, Lats1 dephosphorylation impairs its interaction with G protein signaling modulator 2 (GPSM2, which is also known as LGN) that causes randomization of spindle orientation in luminal cells. Interestingly, co-deletion of Par3 and Lats1 for complete blockade of the Hippo pathway in mice results in prostate tumor initiation, whereas co-deletion of Par3 and YAP for disrupting YAP nuclear translocation reverses the phenotypes to a relatively normal state. Therefore, our findings highlight combination of Par3 loss and blockade of the Hippo pathway as a novel mechanism for prostatic tumorigenesis.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
We propose the Susceptible–Hesitated–Infected–Removed (SHIR) rumor propagation model in random heterogeneous networks with dynamic friendships. Different from existing rumor spreading models that ...assume the degrees of the nodes in the network are static, we incorporate the most common phenomenon of varying friendships in online social networks. To highlight the effect of individuals’ subjective judgment in the rumor spreading process, we formulate our model with connected transforming paths from all other states to the state of stifler. By means of probability generating functions, the mathematical expression of the proposed model is explicitly derived with several ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We theoretically calculate the rumor spreading threshold. Finally, a series of numerical simulations are conducted to verify the theoretical results and comprehensively illustrate the evolution of the model. The simulation results indicate that the solutions of the ODEs successfully portray the rumor spreading process in which involved individuals have dynamic friendships, and the analysis of the threshold agrees well with the simulation results. With dynamic friendships, spreaders are capable of exerting direct influence on a greater number of individuals who can only be affected through several contacts with intermediate infections, which accelerates the spreading process and results in additional infections. However, the existence of deactivated freed stubs limits the rapid increase in the spreaders and somehow offsets the acceleration effect of dynamic friendships.
•Individuals’ dynamic friendships in the course of rumor propagation is considered.•The effect of the active rumor refusing mechanism is explored.•The rumor spreading process with dynamic friendships is mathematically expressed.•The rumor spreading threshold is explicitly calculated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Purpose: To investigate the impact of unfavorable risk factors among patients with locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) treated with proton therapy (PT).
Material and Methods: From ...May 2008 through July 2015, 90 consecutive patients with unresectable stage II-IV (oligometastatic) NSCLC were treated with PT. Unfavorable factors including age ≥80 years, stage IV, weight loss >10% in 3 months, performance status (PS) ≥2, FEV1 < 1.0 or O
2
dependency, prior lung cancer, prior lung surgery, prior 2nd cancer in the past 3 years, and prior chest irradiation were evaluated. All patients received standard fractionation of 1.8-2 Gy(RBE) (median dose, 70 GyRBE). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. The impact of unfavorable factors was analyzed in Cox regression models.
Results: Twenty-six percent were favorable-risk, while 42%, 22%, and 10% had 1-, 2-, or ≥3 unfavorable factors. The 2-year OS was 52% and 45% (p = .8522), and 2-year PFS was 21% and 44% (p = .0207), for favorable and unfavorable risk patients, respectively. Among patients with stage III-IV, only PS ≥2 adversely impacted OS (p = .0015).
Conclusion: Most patients treated with PT for LA-NSCLC have unfavorable risk factors. These patients had similar outcomes to favorable-risk patients. Enrollment in future clinical trials may improve if eligibility is less restrictive.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Paeoniflorin has been traditionally used to treat pain and immunologic derangement in China. However, its detailed mechanism remains to be illuminated. We investigated the mechanism by which ...paeoniflorin alleviates the inflammatory response in a mouse model of irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D). C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and miR-29a knockout (KO) mice were randomly divided into control, model, rifaximin, and paeoniflorin groups (n = 7). IBS-D model was induced by single intracolonic instillation of 0.1 mL trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS, 50 mg/mL) combined with restraint stress for seven consecutive days. The treatment groups received rifaximin (100 mg/kg) and paeoniflorin (50 mg/kg) via intragastric administration for seven days, respectively. The results showed that the fecal water content, fecal pellet output, visceral sensitivity, and histopathological score after paeoniflorin treatment were lower than those of the model group in both WT and miR-29a KO mice (P < 0.05). In both lineage mice, damage was observed in the colon tissues of model group, while paeoniflorin treatment partially ameliorated the tissue damage. Serum levels of DAO, DLA, IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, and MPO were decreased after paeoniflorin treatment (P < 0.05), with miR-29a KO mice in a lower level compared with that of WT mice. RT-PCR showed that the relative expression of miR-29a, NF-κB (p65), NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α was downregulated while NKRF was upregulated after paeoniflorin treatment (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that intestinal epithelial protein levels of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 decreased while those of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 increased in the paeoniflorin treatment group (P < 0.05). In general, compared with WT mice, NLRP3 inflammasome pathway targets was in much lower expression level than miR-29a KO mice. In conclusion, paeoniflorin could inhibit abnormal activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by inhibiting miR-29a in IBS-D, thereby relieving the inflammatory response of the intestinal mucosa and reconstructing the intestinal epithelial barrier.
Display omitted
•Paeoniflorin alleviated inflammatory response in IBS-D by downregulating miR-29a expression.•Paeoniflorin inhibited the abnormal activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.•After paeoniflorin treatment, damaged intestinal epithelial barrier was restored.
Paeoniflorin; IBS; miR-29a, NLRP3 inflammasome.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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