The chiral vortical effect (CVE) was derived first for massless fermions, within the framework of thermal quantum field theory. Recently, a dual description of the CVE, as related to the radiation ...from the horizon of a rotating black hole was suggested. Generalizing the latter approach to the case of photons, we encounter a crucial factor-of-2 difference from the predictions based on the thermal field theory. To elucidate the reason for this discrepancy, we turn to the limit of large spin S of the massless particles. Within the gravitational approach, the CVE grows as S3, while the flat-space relations result in a dependence which is linear in S . We also discuss briefly an alternative formulation of the presumed duality between the statistical and gravitational approaches.
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We highlight the progress, current status, and open challenges of QCD-driven physics, in theory and in experiment. We discuss how the strong interaction is intimately connected to a broad sweep of ...physical problems, in settings ranging from astrophysics and cosmology to strongly coupled, complex systems in particle and condensed-matter physics, as well as to searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. We also discuss how success in describing the strong interaction impacts other fields, and, in turn, how such subjects can impact studies of the strong interaction. In the course of the work we offer a perspective on the many research streams which flow into and out of QCD, as well as a vision for future developments.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We consider chiral liquids, that is liquids consisting of massless fermions and right–left asymmetric. In such media, one expects existence of electromagnetic current flowing along an external ...magnetic field, associated with the chiral anomaly. The current is predicted to be dissipation-free. We consider dynamics of chiral liquids, concentrating on the issues of possible instabilities and infrared sensitivity. Instabilities arise, generally speaking, already in the limit of vanishing electromagnetic constant, αel→ 0. In particular, liquids with non-vanishing chiral chemical potential might decay into right–left asymmetric states containing vortices.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Chiral effects exhibit peculiar universality in idealized theoretical limits. However, they are known to be infrared sensitive and get modified in more realistic settings. In this work we study how ...the corresponding conductivities vary with the constituent mass. We concentrate on a pionic realization of chiral effects which provides a better control over infrared properties of the theory. The pionic medium is considered at finite vector and axial isospin chemical potentials in the presence of an external magnetic field. This system supports electric and axial isospin currents along the magnetic field which correspond to chiral magnetic and chiral separation effects. We show that these currents are sensitive to the finite mass of the constituents but the conductivities follow a simple scaling with the corresponding charge densities as one would expect for polarization effects. It is argued that this relation can capture the dependence of chiral effects on other infrared parameters. Finally, we briefly comment on the realization of the ’t Hooft matching condition in pionic media at finite densities.
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We consider the photonic vortical effect, i.e., the difference of the flows of left- and right-handed photons along the vector of angular velocity in rotating photonic medium. Two alternative ...frameworks to evaluate the effect are considered, both of which have already been tried in the literature: first, the standard thermal field theory and, alternatively, Hawking-radiation-type derivation. In our earlier attempt to compare the two approaches, we found a crucial factor of 2 difference. Here, we revisit the problem, paying more attention to details of infrared regularizations. We find out that introduction of an infinitesimal mass of the vector field brings the two ways of evaluating the chiral vortical effect into agreement with each other. Some implications, on both the theoretical and phenomenological sides, are mentioned.
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The synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the oligomerization of alpha-synuclein protein in neurons or glial cells. Recent studies provide data that ceramide ...metabolism impairment may play a role in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies due to its influence on alpha-synuclein accumulation. The aim of the current study was to assess changes in activities of enzymes involved in ceramide metabolism in patients with different synucleinopathies (Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA)). The study enrolled 163 PD, 44 DLB, and 30 MSA patients as well as 159 controls. Glucocerebrosidase, alpha-galactosidase, acid sphingomyelinase enzyme activities, and concentrations of the corresponding substrates (hexosylsphingosine, globotriaosylsphingosine, lysosphingomyelin) were measured by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry in blood. Expression levels of
GBA
,
GLA
, and
SMPD1
genes encoding glucoceresobridase, alpha-galactosidase, and acid sphingomyelinase enzymes, correspondently, were analyzed by real-time PCR with TaqMan assay in CD45 + blood cells. Increased hexosylsphingosine concentration was observed in DLB and MSA patients in comparison to PD and controls (
p
< 0.001) and it was associated with earlier age at onset (AAO) of DLB (
p
= 0.0008).
SMPD1
expression was decreased in MSA compared to controls (
p
= 0.015). Acid sphingomyelinase activity was decreased in DLB, MSA patients compared to PD patients (
p
< 0.0001,
p
< 0.0001, respectively), and in MSA compared to controls (
p
< 0.0001). Lower acid sphingomyelinase activity was associated with earlier AAO of PD (
p
= 0.012). Our data support the role of lysosomal dysfunction in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies, namely, the pronounced alterations of lysosomal activities involved in ceramide metabolism in patients with MSA and DLB.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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