Identification of living undocumented individuals highlights the need for accurate, precise, and reproducible age estimation methods, especially in those cases involving minors. However, when their ...country of origin is unknown, or it can be only roughly estimated, it is extremely difficult to apply assessment policies, procedures, and practices that are accurate and child-sensitive. The main aim of this research is to optimize the correct classification of adults and minors by establishing new cut-off values for four different continents (Africa, America, Asia, and Europe). For this purpose, a vast sample of 10,701 orthopantomographs (OPTs) from four continents was evaluated. For determination and subsequent validation of the new third molar maturity index (
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3M
) cut-off values by world regions, a cross-validation by holdout method was used and contingency tables (confusion matrices) were generated. The lower third molar maturity indexes, from both left and right side (
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3M
L
and
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3M
R
) and the combination of both sides (
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3M
L
_
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3M
R
) were calculated. The new cut-off values, that aim to differentiate between a minor and an adult, with more than 74.00% accuracy for all populations were as follows (
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3M
L
;
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3M
R
;
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3M
L
_
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3M
R
, respectively): Africa = (0.10; 0.10; 0.10), America = (0.10; 0.09; 0.09), Asia = (0.15; 0.17; 0.14), and Europe = (0.09; 0.09; 0.09). The higher sensitivity (Se) was detected for the
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3M
L
for male African people (91%) and the higher specificity (Sp) of all the parameters (
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3M
L
;
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3M
R
;
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3M
L
_
I
3M
R
) for Europeans both male and female (> 91%). The original cut-off value (0.08) is still useful, especially in discriminating individuals younger than 18 years old which is the goal of the forensic methods used for justice.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, PRFLJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Trametes versicolor is a white-rot fungus known to be efficient in lignin removal due to its complex extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymatic system. Therefore, it can be used in the treatment of ...lignocellulose waste from agro, food, and wood industries. In a first experiment, corn forage treatment with T. versicolor was investigated in laboratory jars. In a second experiment, the process was scaled up to a tray bioreactor. In the tray bioreactor, the process of lignin degradation was improved, resulting in an increase in lignin conversion of up to 71% during seven days’ treatment.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Emergency Medicine does not represent a simple collection of various medical conditions, but rather an urgent approach to life threatening conditions. This urgent approach progresses as fast as the ...science in medicine does. Modern protocols for treatment of injured and ill patients are introduced, demanding more and more knowledge and skills as well as more modern equipment and wider spectrum of drugs. However, innovations are not followed by changes within the lists of medications set by National Health Insurance Fund of Serbia (NHIFS). Paper describes drugs necessary for adequate pre-hospital treatment that are not available to the physicians due to administrative barriers. On one hand, there are drugs from B list that are necessary for treatment, and are approved for use by NHIFS at hospital level only. The use of any of these drugs at pre-hospital level may lead to severe penalties to the physician in case of complications or adverse reactions in a patient following the treatment. On the other hand, there are drugs from D list which are also necessary for the urgent treatment of patients with life threatening conditions, according to latest recommendations. These drugs may be applied at pre-hospital level, but their procurement is complicated due to NHIFS regulations and that's why some of them may rarely be used (Propafenone and Magnesium sulfate). We particularly emphasize that one of the most effective drugs for the conversion of heart rhythm, Adenosine (6 mg/ml and 10mg/ml ampoule), is not registered in the Republic of Serbia and therefore cannot be used at pre-hospital level. Through these exclusive administrative barriers adequate treatment is rendered impossible while the system of urgent treatment of patients with life threatening conditions at pre-hospital level is degraded.
Introduction/Objective. The aim of the study was to test the accuracy of Belgrade Age Formula (BAF) for dental age estimation on the sample of Montenegrin children. Methods. The radiographs of 134 ...Montenegrin children (67 females and 67 males) saved as ?jpeg? files were analyzed with Image J software. Sex, the number of teeth with complete development, apex width and tooth length of the mandibular canine and second molar were used in order to calculate dental age with the BAF formula. Results. The discrepancy between estimated dental age and chronological age was -0.088 ? 0.64 years; the absolute difference was 0.52 ? 0.39 years. The percentage of participants whose estimated dental age differed six months from their chronological age was 61.2 and 53.7 for females and males, respectively, while the percentage of participants whose estimated dental age differed 12 months from their chronological age was 94 and 83.6 for females and males, respectively. Conclusion. The BAF may be an accurate approach for estimating dental age in Montenegrin children aged 10?12 years with uncompleted tooth development. However, BAF has to be evaluated on a larger sample of Montenegrin infants in future studies.
Abstract Knee stability after surgical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using quadrupled hamstring tendons graft (gracilis and semitendinosus) was compared with that using the middle ...third of the patellar ligament. All subjects participating in this study had ACL rupture diagnosed by clinical examination and MRI and underwent identical surgical procedure apart from the choice of graft. A total of 112 patients with either patellar ligament or quadrupled hamstring tendons graft were evaluated for 24 months following surgery. Patients were similar in terms of age, sex, activity level, knee instability level and rehabilitation programme. Clinical tests and a measuring instrument, the KT-1000 arthrometer, were used to evaluate knee stability after reconstruction. During the 24-month study there were no significant differences in clinical stability of the knee and the use of both grafts resulted in satisfactory knee stability. The difference between the groups according to the graft was noticed 6 months after reconstruction when the results obtained by a measuring instrument showed that knee stability was significantly higher with the patellar ligament graft (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.022).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract Aims The middle of the patellar ligament and the quadruple hamstring tendons (gracilis and semitendinosus) are two types of graft predominantly used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ...reconstruction. The aim of this study was to determine the morphometric characteristics of patellar ligament grafts and hamstring tendon grafts and to compare the results according to subject age and gender. Materials and methods The study was conducted on a total of 120 samples: 40 of gracilis tendon, 40 of semitendinosus tendon and 40 of patellar ligament, distributed equally according to gender, age (50–75 years) and the side of the body from which the sample was harvested. Results Morphometric and histological analyses showed that patellar ligament samples had less cross-sectional area than quadruple tendon samples (49.29 mm2 compared with 51.46 mm2 , respectively). Sexual dimorphism was noticed in distal cross-sections of gracilis tendons ( p = 0.09), cross-sections of quadruple tendons ( p = 0.07) and patellar ligament samples ( p = 0.01) because of different muscular build. Conclusions All samples obtained from male subjects had larger cross-sectional areas compared with the samples taken from females. Furthermore, samples obtained from subjects aged 60 years or under had larger cross-sectional areas than samples obtained from subjects aged at least 61 years for all types of graft.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•An indication of legal adult age is critical from the medical or legal point of view.•Staging of mandibular M3 mineralization by Nolla and I3M index were tested.•I3M < 0.08 showed very good accuracy ...on Montenegrins in indicating legal adult age.•I3M < 0.08 was better in classifying minors and Nolla stage 9 was better for adults.
From a medico-legal and penalty point of view, it is essential to conclude if an individual is a minor or an adult (18 years of age). Methods based on the third molar development have been used for this purpose. The present article aims to verify the Nolla’s stages of mineralization of the third molars and a third molar maturity index (I3M) which is based on the measures of the projections of open apices normalized by their height in the sample of Montenegrins.
The sample consisted of 683 panoramic radiographs (324 males and 359 females) between 13 and 24 years of age. The specific mineralization stages of Nolla and the cut-off value of I3M < 0.08 was used to discriminate adults and minors.
The best performance in discriminating adults and minors was for I3M < 0.08 followed by the Nolla stage 9. For I3M < 0.08 the results demonstrated high sensitivity of 0.92 and 0.82 and specificity of 0.94 and 0.96 in males and females, respectively. The proportions of correctly classified individuals were 0.93 in males and 0.89 in females. The Nolla stage 9 demonstrated the sensitivity of 0.95 and 0.85 and the specificity of 0.84 and 0.90 in males and females, respectively. The proportions of correctly classified individuals were 0.90 in males and 0.87 in females.
The suggested value of I3M < 0.08 followed by Nolla stage 9 can be used to discriminate adults from minors with high specificity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Highlights • Third molar maturity index ( I3M ) for determining legal adulthood was tested on Serbian population. • The cut-off value of I3M = 0.08, was suitable for Serbian population. • The applied ...method showed high sensitivity and specificity for estimating legal adulthood.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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