This study aimed to determine the levels of health-related behaviours (physical activity, screen exposure and sleep status) among Chinese students from primary, secondary and high schools during the ...pandemic of COVID-19, as well as their changes compared with their status before the pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey of 10,933 students was conducted among 10 schools in Guangzhou, China, between 8th and 15th March, 2020. After getting the informed consent from student's caregivers, an online questionnaire was designed and used to obtain time spending on health-related behaviours during the pandemic of COVID-19, as well as the changes compared with 3 months before the pandemic, which was completed by students themselves or their caregivers. Students were stratified by regions (urban, suburban, exurban), gender (boys and girls), and grades (lower grades of primary school, higher grades of primary schools, secondary schools and high schools). Data were expressed as number and percentages and Chi-square test was used to analyse difference between groups. Overall, the response rate of questionnaire was 95.3% (10,416/10,933). The median age of included students was 13.0 (10.0, 16.0) years and 50.1% (n = 5,219) were boys. 41.4%, 53.6% and 53.7% of total students reported less than 15 min per day in light, moderate and vigorous activities and 58.7% (n = 6,113) reported decreased participation in physical activity compared with the time before pandemic. Over 5 h of screen time spending on online study was reported by 44.6% (n = 4,649) of respondents, particular among high school students (81.0%). 76.9% of students reported increased screen time compared with the time before pandemic. Inadequate sleep was identified among 38.5% of students and the proportion was highest in high school students (56.9%). Our study indicated that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the school closure exerted tremendous negative effects on school-aged children's health habits, including less physical activity, longer screen exposure and irregular sleeping pattern.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Developing high-quality NIR-II fluorophores (emission in 1000–1700 nm) for in vivo imaging is of great significance. Benzothiadiazole-core fluorophores are an important class of NIR-II dyes, ...yet ongoing limitations such as aggregation-caused quenching in aqueous milieu and non-activatable response are still major obstacles for their biological applications. Here, we devise an activatable nanoprobe to address these limitations. A molecular probe named BTPE-NO
2
is synthesized by linking a benzothiadiazole core with two tetraphenylene groups serving as hydrophobic molecular rotors, followed by incorporating two nitrophenyloxoacetamide units at both ends of the core as recognition moieties and fluorescence quenchers. An FDA-approved amphiphilic polymer Pluronic F127 is then employed to encapsulate the molecular BTPE-NO
2
to render the nanoprobe BTPE-NO
2
@F127. The pathological levels of H
2
O
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in the disease sites cleave the nitrophenyloxoacetamide groups and activate the probe, thereby generating strong fluorescent emission (950~1200 nm) and ultrasound signal for multi-mode imaging of inflammatory diseases. The nanoprobe can therefore function as a robust tool for detecting and imaging the disease sites with NIR-II fluorescent and multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) imaging. Moreover, the three-dimensional MSOT images can be obtained for visualizing and locating the disease foci.
Inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, evidence regarding the prognostic effect of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), a ...novel systemic inflammation marker, among patients with AKI is scarce. In this study, we investigated the value of the PLR in predicting the outcomes of critically ill patients with AKI.
Patient data were extracted from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care Database III version 1.3. PLR cutoff values were determined using smooth curve fitting or quintiles and were used to categorize the subjects into groups. The clinical outcomes were 30-day and 90-day mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between the PLR and survival.
A total of 10,859 ICU patients with AKI were enrolled. A total of 2277 thirty-day and 3112 ninety-day deaths occurred. A U-shaped relationship was observed between the PLR and both 90-day and 30-day mortality, with the lowest risk being at values ranging from 90 to 311. The adjusted HR (95% CI) values for 90-day mortality given risk values < 90 and > 311 were 1.25 (1.12-1.39) and 1.19 (1.08-1.31), respectively. Similar trends were observed for 30-day mortality or when quintiles were used to group patients according to the PLR. Statistically significant interactions were found between the PLR and both age and heart rate. Younger patients (aged < 65 years) and those with more rapid heart rates (≥89.4 beats per minute) tended to have poorer prognoses only when the PLR was < 90, whereas older patients (aged ≥ 65 years) and those with slower heart rates (<89.4 beats per minute) had higher risk only when the PLR was > 311 (P < 0.001 for age and P < 0.001 for heart rate).
The preoperative PLR was associated in a U-shaped pattern with survival among patients with AKI. The PLR appears to be a novel, independent prognostic marker of outcomes in critically ill patients with AKI.
In gravitational collapses, the horizon and singularity’s realisation in the finite future of the proper time used co-moving observer happens in the future of infinitely far away future of the normal ...time used outside probe. To the latter the horizon and singularity defined in the singularity theorem are physical realities only in the sense of uncertainty principle and ensemble interpretation. We provide two exact time dependent solution families to the Einstein equation and show that they form a pair of complementary description for the microscopic state of black holes by showing that the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy formula follows properly from their canonical wave function’s degeneracy. We also develop an eXact One Body method for general relativity two-body dynamics whose conservative part calls no post newtonian approximation as input and applies to the full three stages of black hole binary merger events. By this method, we analytically calculate the gravitational wave forms following from such merger processes. In the case black holes carry exact and apriori horizon and singularity our wave forms agree with those following from conventional effective one body method but exhibit more consistent late time behaviour. In the case black holes carry only asymptotic horizon and extended inner structure thus experiencing banana shape deformation as the merger occurs, our wave forms exhibit all features especially the late time quasi-normal mode type oscillation seen in real observations.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We suggest that behind the black hole information paradox is a new and universal radiation mechanism, Gravity Induced Spontaneous Radiation, or GISR hereafter. This mechanism happens to all kinds of ...compositional objects and it requires only their microscopic structure as the basis. It's always accompanied with such inner structures' variation and allows for explicitly hermitian hamiltonian description. For black holes, by Wigner-Wiesskopf approximation we show that such a radiation has a thermal spectrum exactly the same as hawking radiation; while through numeric integration, we show that the variation of the radiation particles' entropy exhibits all features of Page curve as expected. We also provide exact and analytic solutions to the Einstein equation describing microscopic structures required by the GISR of black holes and show that, after quantisation the degeneracy of wave functions corresponding with those solutions are consistent with the area law formula of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We provide an explicitly hermitian hamiltonian description for the spontaneous radiation of black holes, which is a many-level, multiple-degeneracy generalization of the usual Janeys-Cummings model ...for two-level atoms. We show that under single-particle radiation and standard Wigner-Wiesskopf approximation, our model yields exactly thermal type power spectrum as hawking radiation requires. While in the many-particle radiation cases, numeric methods allow us to follow the evolution of microscopic state of a black hole exactly, from which we can get the firstly increasing then decreasing entropy variation trend for the radiation particles just as the Page-curve exhibited. Basing on this model analysis, we claim that two ingredients are necessary for resolutions of the information missing puzzle, a spontaneous radiation like mechanism for the production of hawking particles and proper account of the macroscopic superposition happening in the full quantum description of a black hole radiation evolution and, the working logic of replica wormholes is an effect account of this latter ingredient.
As the basis for our interpretation of black hole Hawking radiation as their spontaneous radiation, we also provide a fully atomic like inner structure models for their microscopic states definition and origins of their Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, that is, exact solution families to the Einstein equation sourced by matter constituents oscillating across the central point and their quantization. Such a first quantization model for black holes' microscopic state is non necessary for our spontaneous radiation description, but has advantages comparing with other alternatives, such as string theory fuzzball or brick wall models.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an important and urgent threat to global health. Inflammation factors are important for COVID-19 mortality, and we aim to explore whether the baseline levels of ...procalcitonin (PCT), C-reaction protein (CRP) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19. A retrospective study was conducted and a total of 76 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were included between January 17, 2020 to March 2, 2020, of these cases, 17 patients were dead. After adjusting covariates, PCT (≥ 0.10 ng/mL) and CRP (≥ 52.14 mg/L) exhibited independent increasing risks of mortality were used hazard ratio (HR) of 52.68 (95% confidence interval CI: 1.77-1571.66) and 5.47 (95% CI: 1.04-28.72), respectively. However, NRL (≥ 3.59) was not found to be an independent risk factor for death in our study. Furthermore, the elevated PCT levels were still associated with increasing risk of mortality in the old age group (age ≥ 60 y), and in the critically severe and severe patients after adjustment for complications. Thu Baseline levels of PCT and CRP have been addressed as independent predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Through full solvability of 2+1 dimensional general relativity we derive out exact dynamic inner metric of collapsing stars with inhomogeneous initial mass distribution but joining with outside ...Anti-deSitt-Schwarzschild black holes smoothly. We prove analytically by standard quantum mechanics that the log-number of such solutions, or microscopic states of the system is proportional to the perimeter of the outside black holes. Key formulas for generalizing to 3+1D Schwarzschild black holes are also presented. Our result provides a bulk space viewpoint to questions on what the microscopic degrees of freedom are and who their carriers are in various holographic and/or asymptotic symmetry methods to black hole entropies. It may also shed light for singularity theorem and cosmic censorship related researches.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To examine the association between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among Chinese adults, we performed an ongoing cohort study of 38578 Chinese adults (56.3% males; ...average age, 41.6 y) who underwent repeated health check-up examinations between 2009 and 2016 and without T2DM at baseline. During follow-up, incident T2DM cases were identified based on self-report, medication use, measurements of fasting plasma glucose, 2 h post oral glucose, or haemoglobinA1c. 2009 (5.2%) cases confirmed with incident T2DM were identified during median follow-up of 3.1 years. With increasing quartiles of BUN levels, the incidences of T2DM gradually increased with 0.69%, 1.11%, 1.53%, and 1.87% for quartile 1 to quartile 4 (p trend <0.001). Compared with quartile 1, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and its 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for T2DM risk were 1.16 (0.97–1.38) for quartile 2, 1.28 (1.07–1.51) for quartile 3, and 1.28 (1.08–1.52) for quartile 4 (p trend = 0.005). HR for per each standard deviation increase in BUN level was 1.10 (1.04–1.16) (p trend <0.001). This association tended to be more pronounced in those with a lower body mass index at baseline (p-interaction <0.001). Our results suggested that BUN levels were positively associated with incident T2DM risk among Chinese adults. Future prospective investigations in other populations are necessary to confirm our findings.
A FRET ratiometric fluorescent sensor was developed for detecting H(2)S in aqueous media and serum, as well as inside live cells. For this sensor, carbon dots serve as the energy donor and also the ...anchoring site for the probe. This sensor is highly selective and sensitive with a detection limit of 10 nM which is the lowest among fluorescent H(2)S sensors.
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