Based on the extended three-wave approach and the Hirota’s bilinear method, the (3+1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation is investigated. With the aid of symbolic computation, some ...three-wave solutions including kinky periodic solitary-wave solutions, periodic soliton solutions and kink solutions are presented. The figures corresponding to these solutions are illustrated to show abundant physics structures. These solutions enrich the sorts of the dynamics of nonlinear wave model.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The severe anticancer situation as well as the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells has created an urgent need for the development of novel anticancer drugs with different mechanisms ...of action. A large number of natural alkaloids, such as paclitaxel, vinblastine and camptothecin have already been successfully developed into chemotherapy agents. Following the success of these natural products, in this review, twenty-six types of isoquinoline alkaloids (a total of 379 alkaloids), including benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline, aporphine, oxoaporphine, isooxoaporphine, dimeric aporphine, bisbenzylisoquinoline, tetrahydroprotoberberine, protoberberine, protopine, dihydrobenzophenanthridine, benzophenanthridine, benzophenanthridine dimer, ipecac, simple isoquinoline, pavine, montanine, erythrina, chelidonine, tropoloisoquinoline, azafluoranthene, phthalideisoquinoline, naphthylisoquinoline, lycorine, crinane, narciclasine, and phenanthridone, were summarized based on their cytotoxic and MDR reversing activities against various cancer cells. Additionally, the structure-activity relationships of different types of isoquinoline alkaloid were also discussed. Interestingly, some aporphine, oxoaporphine, isooxoaporphine, bisbenzylisoquinoline, and protoberberine alkaloids display more potent anticancer activities or anti-MDR effects than positive control against the tested cancer cells and are regarded as attractive targets for discovery new anticancer drugs or lead compounds.
The transport sector has been one of the largest source of carbon emission and urban air pollutants. The research on the coordinated development of pollutant and carbon emission reduction in ...transport industry is helpful to the realization of urban pollutant prevention and carbon emission reduction, especially in big cities. Thus, a multi-period bottom-up vehicle development mathematical model is proposed to analyze the technology development path, emission path and energy structure adjustment path, and the synergistic benefits of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduction under a expected air pollution emission standard. Four pollutants, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM), generated from the vehicle are considered in this model. Then, the proposed model is used to analyze the related vehicle structure and energy consumption under the expected emission standards for Beijing during 2020 and 2035. The technology development path, emission path and energy structure adjustment path are examined, and the synergistic benefits of CO2 emission reduction are also studied. Some important implication are found as follows: (1) Even with the goal of environmental pollution control only, new energy vehicles will have an explosive growth period, starting from about 2025. (2) Strict air pollution emission policies do not always lead to the rapid development of new energy vehicles before 2025. (3) The four main pollutants show different levels of synergistic effect among which CO on HC and NOx on PM are obvious, respectively. (4) Even under the control of the air pollution policy, the synergistic effect to CO2 emission reduction is also obvious. Compared to the baseline case, the reduction benefit from the MILD and STRICT environmental policies are 30 and 70 million yuan, respectively.
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•A multi-period bottom-up vehicle technology optimization model is built.•Synergistic levels between CO, NOx, PM, HC, and CO2 is evaluated.•Strict pollution control policy do not always push the utilization of clean vehicle.•Travel structure adjustment is the key link for air pollution and CO2 reduction.•The synergistic effect of pollution control policy to CO2 reduction is obvious.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Carcinoma of the kidney is one of the most prevalent carcinoma worldwide. The majority types of carcinoma are clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), which consist more than 80% of the cases. As a ...genetically diverse disease, identification of prognosis‐related genes has utmost importance in the early diagnosis and prognosis of the CCRCC. In this study, we performed gene expression profiling to identify prognosis‐related genes for CCRCC. In addition, we developed and validated a gene signature‐based risk score to comprehensively assess the prognostic function of differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, we performed a ROC analysis to identify the optimal cut‐off point for classification risk level of the patients. Univariate Cox regression models were used to assess the association between differentially expressed genes in relation to the prognosis of patients with different stages of CCRCC. Five genes were identified significantly differentially expressed in CCRCC and associated with their survival time, namely: IDUA, NDST1, SAP30L, CRYBA4, and SI. A 5‐gene signature‐based risk score was developed based on the Cox coefficient of the individual genes. The prognostic value of this risk score was validated in an internal testing data set. In summary, a gene‐based risk score was identified and validated, which can predict CCRCC patient survival. The potential functions of this gene expression signature and individual differentially expressed gene as prognostic targets of CCRCC were revealed by this study. Furthermore, these findings may have important implications in the understanding of the potential therapeutic method for the CCRCC patients.
A gene‐based risk score was identified and validated which can predict CCRCC patient survival. The potential functions of this gene expression signature and individual differentially expressed gene as prognostic targets of CCRCC were revealed by this study.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Although lutein possesses multiple valuable physiological functions, its application in food industry is limited due to the instability in adverse conditions. Using the complex coacervation method, ...the work is aimed to optimize the encapsulation process, investigate physicochemical properties of microcapsules and finally appraise the extent of stability improvement. The optimum process conditions determined by response surface analysis were as follows: concentration of wall materials 1.0%, ratio of core material to wall 1.25:1 and pH value 4.2, where the theoretical and practical encapsulation efficiency were 86.41% and 85.32%
±
0.63%. The particles had a confined distribution in the range of 0–30
μm, indicating a relatively homogeneous distribution. Moreover, the lutein in particles presented an improvement of ability against light, humidity, temperature. Especially, the retention rate of lutein incorporated in products reached 92.86% at 4
°C, 90.16% at 25
°C, 90.16% with the relative humidity of 33%, and 90.25% under the aerobic condition.
Display omitted The optimum process for lutein microencapsulation was: CWM 1.0%, RCW 1.25:1, and pH 4.2. The particles had the biggest proportion in the range of 10–20
μm.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The Hirota bilinear method and Painlevé–Bäcklund transformation are used to discuss the soliton solutions of the
(
3
+
1
)
-dimensional generalized shallow water equation. With the help of symbolic ...computation, multiple-soliton solutions, multiple singular soliton solutions, hyperbolic function solutions and trigonometric function solutions are formally obtained. These soliton solutions possess abundant physical architectures. The graphs corresponding to these solutions show the particular localized excitations and the interactions between two solitary waves and three solitary waves.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The results investigating the relationship between vitamin D levels and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconsistent. Thus, we focused on evaluating the association of vitamin D deficiency ...with GDM by conducting a meta-analysis of observed studies. A systematic literature search was conducted via PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane library to identify eligible studies before August 2015. The meta-analysis of 20 studies including 9209 participants showed that women with vitamin D deficiency experienced a significantly increased risk for developing GDM (odds ratio (OR) = 1.53; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.33, 1.75) with a little heterogeneity (I² = 16.20%, p = 0.252). A noteworthy decrease of 4.93 nmol/L (95% CI, -6.73, -3.14) in serum 25(OH)D was demonstrated in the participants with GDM, and moderate heterogeneity was observed (I² = 61.40%, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis with study design showed that there were obvious heterogeneities in nested case-control studies (I² > 52.5%, p < 0.07). Sensitivity analysis showed that exclusion of any single study did not materially alter the overall combined effect. In summary, the evidence from this meta-analysis indicates a consistent association between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of GDM. However, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to elicit the clear effect of vitamin D supplementation on prevention of GDM.
Compared with the therapeutic effects of established medicinal drugs, it is often considered that natural product‐derived drugs are of a more benign nature in side‐effects, which has made natural ...medicines become a popular form of therapy. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is generally considered as being natural and harmless. TCM has been paid much more attention than before and widely used for the treatment nowadays. However, with the increasing cases of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), the ADRs induced by TCM are becoming more widely recognized. Some ADRs are sometimes even life‐threatening. This article reviews literatures on ADRs induced by TCM which was published in the past 10 years. A total of 3122 cases including complete data are selected for the present analysis. From the data of the 3122 cases, statistics is carried out to the distribution of administration routes and time of the occurrence of ADRs, the prognosis of ADRs, sex and age factors, types and clinical symptoms of ADRs, and drugs involved in ADRs. In addition, occurrence and influencing factors of TCM‐induced diseases are also analysed, which includes spices confusion, processing drugs improperly, toxic components, long‐term medication, improper concerted application, interaction of TCM and Western medicine. It is concluded that the efficacy and toxicity of TCM, often using the compound prescription involving various plants and animals, resulted from a variety of chemical constituents, which lead to a comprehensive response in the human body. The ‘toxicity’ of TCM should be correctly recognized and reasonably utilized.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In the genus Macleaya, Macleaya cordata and Macleaya microcarpa have been recognized as traditional herbs that are primarily distributed in China, North America, and Europe and have a long history of ...medicinal usage. These herbs have been long valued and studied for detumescence, detoxification, and insecticidal effect. This review aims to provide comprehensive information on botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies on plants in the genus Macleaya. Plants from the genus of Macleaya provide a source of bioactive compounds, primarily alkaloids, with remarkable diversity and complex architectures, thereby having attracted attention from researchers. To date, 291 constituents have been identified and/or isolated from this group. These purified compounds and/or crude extract possess antitumor, anti‐inflammatory, insecticidal, and antibacterial activities in addition to certain potential toxicities. Macleaya species hold potential for medicinal applications. However, despite the pharmacological studies on these plants, the mechanisms underlying the biological activities of active ingredients derived from Macleaya have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Additionally, there is a need for research focusing on in vivo medical effects of Macleaya compounds and, eventually, for clinical trials.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
To investigate the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure disease (PACG) by measuring the anatomical structures of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye and inflammatory markers in ...the peripheral blood.
Methods
This case–control study enrolled patients diagnosed with acute PACG (APACG) and chronic PACG (CPACG). It also enrolled control subjects without PACG. The anterior and posterior anatomical features were measured in all study participants. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the peripheral blood were measured.
Results
This study analysed a total of 99 eyes: 34 eyes from 34 patients with APACG, 28 eyes from 28 patients with CPACG and 37 eyes from 37 control patients with senile cataract. The axis length, corneal diameter, anterior chamber depth and anterior chamber volume were significantly smaller in the APACG and CPACG groups compared with the controls. The level of IL-6 in the peripheral blood of patients with PACG was significantly lower than that of the controls. The NLR in the peripheral blood of patients with PACG was significantly greater than that of the controls.
Conclusions
Changes in the ocular anatomy and some inflammatory markers might be involved in the pathogenesis of PACG.
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