Insomnia is a major health challenge in the general population, but the results of the gender differences in the epidemiology of insomnia have been mixed. This is a meta-analysis to examine the ...gender difference in the prevalence of insomnia among the general population.
Two reviewers independently searched relevant publications in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science from their inception to 16 April 2019. Studies that reported the gender-based prevalence of insomnia according to the international diagnostic criteria were included for analyses using the random-effects model.
Eventually 13 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of insomnia in the general population was 22.0%
= 22,980, 95% confidence interval (CI): 17.0-28.0%, and females had a significantly higher prevalence of insomnia compared with males (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.35, 1.85,
= 5.63,
< 0.0001). Subgroup analyses showed that greater gender difference was associated with the use of case-control study design and consecutive sampling method. Meta-regression analyses also revealed that higher proportion of females and better study quality were significantly associated with greater gender difference.
This meta-analysis found that the prevalence of insomnia in females was significantly higher than males in the included studies. Due to the negative effects of insomnia on health, regular screening, and effective interventions should be implemented in the general population particularly for females.
Objective
Poor oral health is common in dementia, but findings of epidemiological studies have been inconsistent. This meta‐analysis examined oral health in patients with dementia diagnosed according ...to standardized diagnostic criteria.
Methods
Six international databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched from their commencement date until 8 November 2018. Oral health was measured by the Remaining Teeth (RT) and Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index. The mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of DMFT Index total and component scores were calculated using a random‐effect model.
Results
Twenty‐four studies were included for analyses. The pooled DMFT Index was 23.48 (95% CI: 22.34, 24.62), while the pooled score for each component was 2.38 (95% CI: 1.56, 3.20) in decayed teeth (DT), 18.39 (95% CI: 15.92, 20.87) in missing teeth (MT), 2.29 (95% CI: 0.62, 3.95) in filled teeth (FT), and 11.59 (95% CI: 9.14, 14.05) in RT. Compared to controls, people with dementia had significantly a higher DMFT Index total score (MD = 3.80, 95% CI: 2.21, 5.39, p < 0.00,001), and significantly lower number of RT (MD = −3.15, 95% CI: −4.23, −2.06, p < 0.00,001). Subgroup analyses revealed that higher DMFT Index score was significantly associated with year of survey (>2010), study design (case‐control study), percentage of females (≤54.3), and the Mini Mental State Examination score (≤18.2). Higher MT score was significantly associated with study design (cross‐sectional study), and lower FT score was significantly associated with year of survey (>2010).
Conclusions
Oral health was significantly poorer in people with dementia compared with controls. Regular screening and effective treatment should be implemented for this population.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective: Poor sleep quality is common in nursing staff. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality in nursing staff.
Methods: A systematic search in PubMed, ...EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases was performed. Studies that reported sleep quality measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were synthesized using a random-effects model.
Results: Fifty-three studies were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality was 61.0% (95% CI: 55.8-66.1%). The pooled total PSQI score was 7.13 ± 0.18 (95% CI: 6.78-7.50). The pooled component scores were 1.47 ± 0.20 (95% CI of mean score: 1.08-1.85) in sleep latency, 0.91 ± 0.15 (95% CI of mean score: 0.61-1.21) in sleep duration, 1.59 ± 0.13 (95% CI of mean score: 1.35-1.84) in overall sleep disturbances, 0.33 ± 0.18 (95% CI of mean score: 0-0.67) in sleeping medication, 1.21 ± 1.20 (95% CI of mean score: 0.83-1.60) in daytime dysfunction, 1.39 ± 0.14 (95% CI of mean score: 1.11-1.67) in subjective sleep quality, and 0.66 ± 0.11 (95% CI of mean score: 0.44-0.87) in habitual sleep efficiency. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses found that PSQI cutoff values, mean age, body mass index (BMI), sample size, study quality, and work experience moderated the prevalence of poor sleep quality.
Conclusions: Poor sleep quality appears to be common in nursing staff. Considering its negative impact on health, effective measures should be taken to improve poor sleep quality in this population. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to examine the contributing factors of nurses' poor sleep quality.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Depression is common among menopausal women, but the prevalence is mixed across studies.•The pooled prevalence of depression in Chinese menopausal women was 36.3% (95% CI: 27.5–45.1%), with mild ...depression of 18.6% (95% CI: 13.4–23.8%), moderate depression of 15.3% (95% CI: 9.4–21.3%), and severe depression of 3.7% (95% CI: 1.9–5.5%).•Due to its negative impacts on health, regular screening and effective treatments should be developed for this population.
Depressive symptoms (depression thereafter) are common among menopausal women but findings across studies have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis examined the pooled prevalence of depression among Chinese menopausal women.
Two investigators independently searched both international (PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO) and Chinese (CNKI, WanFang, SinoMed and VIP) databases from their inception date until 9 April 2019. Studies that reported the prevalence of depression as measured by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were pooled using a random-effects model.
Twenty-three cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of depression in menopausal Chinese women was 36.3% (95% CI: 27.5–45.1%), with mild depression of 18.6% (95% CI: 13.4–23.8%), moderate depression of 15.3% (95% CI: 9.4–21.3%), and severe depression of 3.7% (95% CI: 1.9–5.5%). Meta-regression analyses revealed that older age (B = 0.12, z = 8.18, p < 0.001) and better study quality (B = 0. 24, z = 8.33, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with higher depression prevalence.
Depression is common among menopausal Chinese women. Due to its negative impact on health, regular screening and effective treatments should be developed for this population.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In order to automatically identify fatty acids in plant seed oils, a method was developed to search all saturated fatty acid methyl esters in the sample, subsequently calculate the ECL value of each ...fatty acid, and finally identify the molecular structure for each component by comparing the ECL of the interest and that in the customised database. Our method was applied to analyse the fatty acid composition of
Eucommia ulmoides seed oil. The results show that major polyunsaturated fatty acids are α-linolenic acid (56.5093% of total fatty acids, TFAs) and linolelaidic acid (12.6563% of TFAs). Meanwhile, the main monounsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid whose percentage in the TFAs is 15.8008. Palmitic acid and steartic acid are the dominant saturated fatty acids representing 9.8165% and 2.5942% of TFAs, respectively. The UFA/SFA ratio (6.57) is higher than the recommended value (3) by nutritionists.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
This study examined the prevalence of burnout and its association with quality of life (QOL) among psychiatric nurses in China.Ten psychiatric hospitals were included. Burnout and QOL were measured ...using standardized instruments. Altogether, 1449 nurses completed the assessment. The mean scores of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA) were 11.87 (SD = 6.72), 6.98 (SD = 5.71) and 22.06 (SD = 8.67), respectively. Of the participants, 59.8% (95% CI: 57–62%) experienced burnout; with 23.3% (95% CI: 21–25%) in EE, 14.6% (95% CI: 13–16%) in DP and 45.1% (95% CI: 43–48%) in PA. Psychiatric nurses who reported burnout had lower QOL in social (F
(1, 1448)
= 86.20,
P
< 0.001), physical (F
(1, 1448)
= 170.46,
P
< 0.001), psychological (F
(1, 1448)
= 205.63,
P
< 0.001), and environmental (F
(1, 1448)
= 120.24,
P
< 0.001) domains. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that alcohol users (
P
= 0.04; OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.01–1.64 in model 1 and
P
= 0.03; OR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.04–1.69 in model 2) were significantly more susceptible to burnout, while senior nurses (
P
= 0.007; OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.53–0.91) and nurses with longer work experience (
P
= 0.02; OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.53–0.91) were less likely to develop burnout. Burnout is common in psychiatric nurses in China. In light of its negative impact on health and QOL, there is an urgent need for regular screening as well as effective preventive measures and interventions to reduce burnout within this at-risk occupational group.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This is a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) monotherapy with active control treatment for insomnia in patients with ...medical or psychiatric comorbidities. Both international (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library) and Chinese (WanFang, and CNKI) databases were systematically searched. The random effects model was used. Thirteen RCTs comparing CBT-I (
n
= 441) and active controls (
n
= 412) groups were included. CBT-I group showed significant advantage over active controls at post-treatment assessment in terms of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI; SMD = -0.74), sleep onset latency (SMD = -0.36), wake after sleep onset (SMD = -0.21), sleep quality (SMD = 0.56), Pittsburgh sleep quality index total scores (PSQI; SMD = -0.76) and the total score of dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep scale (DBAS; SMD = -1.09). Subgroup analyses revealed significant improvement in sleep onset latency in patients with psychiatric disorders (SMD = -0.45), while significant reduction of number of wakeup after sleep onset was found in patients with medical conditions (SMD = -0.31). This meta-analysis found that CBT-I monotherapy had greater efficacy than other active control treatment for insomnia in patients with medical or psychiatric comorbidities.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Aim
Depressive disorders are common in old age. Antipsychotics (APs) are often used as an adjunctive treatment with antidepressants (ADs) in this population but its patterns of use in Asia are not ...known. This study explored the rate of combination of APs and ADs in older adult psychiatric patients in Asia.
Methods
This is a secondary analysis of the database of a multicentre study which recorded participants’ basic demographical and clinical data in standardised format in 10 Asian countries and territories. The data were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results
A total of 955 older adult psychiatric in‐ and outpatients were included in this study. The proportion of concurrent AP and AD use was 32.0%, ranging from 23.3% in Korea to 44.0% in Taiwan. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that younger age, inpatient status and diagnosis of schizophrenia, anxiety and other mental disorders were significantly related to a higher proportion of concurrent use of APs and ADs.
Conclusion
Around a third of older adult psychiatric patients had concurrent AP and AD use in the Asian countries/regions surveyed. Considering the uncertain effectiveness and questionable safety of the AP and AD combination in this patient population, such should be cautiously used.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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