Stroke is the most common cerebrovascular disease, the second leading cause of death behind heart disease and is a major cause of long-term disability worldwide. Currently, systemic immunomodulatory ...therapy based on intravenous cells is attracting attention. The immune response to acute stroke is a major factor in cerebral ischaemia (CI) pathobiology and outcomes. Over the past decade, the significant contribution of the spleen to ischaemic stroke has gained considerable attention in stroke research. The changes in the spleen after stroke are mainly reflected in morphology, immune cells and cytokines, and these changes are closely related to the stroke outcomes. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation, release of central nervous system (CNS) antigens and chemokine/chemokine receptor interactions have been documented to be essential for efficient brain-spleen cross-talk after stroke. In various experimental models, human umbilical cord blood cells (hUCBs), haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs), neural stem cells (NSCs) and multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) have been shown to reduce the neurological damage caused by stroke. The different effects of these cell types on the interleukin (IL)-10, interferon (IFN), and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways in the spleen after stroke may promote the development of new cell therapy targets and strategies. The spleen will become a potential target of various stem cell therapies for stroke represented by MAPC treatment.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•The eclogites in the NQUB were metamorphosed from Neoproterozoic mafic rocks.•The protoliths of the Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 eclogites have been generated by variable extents of mixing between ...enriched and depleted mantle components.•Neoproterozoic mafic magmatism in the Altun-Qilian-Kunlun orogenic belt could be the product of mantle plume activities.
The North Qaidam ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt (NQUB) is distinguished by the widespread distribution of eclogites. However, the protolith nature of these eclogites remains controversial. This study reports new zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb ages and whole-rock geochemistry as well as Sr–Nd isotopic data on the Yuka and Dulan eclogites in the NQUB. Zircon U–Pb dating results of these eclogites indicate that the protolith and metamorphic ages are 831–809 Ma and 439–433 Ma. Based on distinct geochemical features, the samples can be classified into high-Ti/Y type (Group 1) and low-Ti/Y type (Group 2 and Group 3). The Group 1 eclogite protoliths are geochemically similar to oceanic island basalts (OIB) and likely originated from garnet-spinel peridotite mantle sources. The protoliths of Group 2 eclogites have a similar mantle source to those of the Group 1 protoliths, but experienced a higher degree of fractional crystallization and crustal contamination. The Group 3 eclogites have N-MORB-like affinity, and may be derived from shallower mantle sources in the spinel stability field. The differences in mantle sources of enriched (Group 1 and Group 2) and depleted (Group 3) eclogite protoliths can be ascribed to varying extents of mixing between enriched plume and depleted MORB-type mantle components at various melting depths. Our results suggest that the Neoproterozoic protoliths of eclogites in the NQUB belonged to a part of widespread Neoproterozoic rift-related mafic magmatism in the Altun-Qilian-Kunlun Orogenic Belt. These rocks could be the products of mantle plume activities that caused the breakup of Rodinia. Most Neoproterozoic mafic rocks in the NQUB experienced early Paleozoic HP/UHP metamorphism.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The absence of a fully preserved foreland basin system in the central-eastern Yarlung-Zangpo Suture Zone (YZSZ) of Tibet has hindered the understanding of the initial timing of the India-Asia ...collision along strike. To address this issue, remnant foredeep and wedge-top deposits of the foreland basin system are described from the Tethyan Himalaya sequence and the YZSZ in the Xigaze area. The foredeep is defined by the olistostrome of the Zongzhuo Formation, which consists of matrix and blocks, including chert, limestone, sandstone and volcanic rocks. Based on the matrix properties, the Zongzhuo Formation is divided into two units: a lower member (Zhilong unit) with a matrix composed of black shale and thin layers of siltstone and an upper member (Yongla unit) with a matrix composed of distinctly red shale or yellow-green siliceous mudstone with interbedded siltstone and limestone. The Zongzhuo Formation is dated to 65–57 Ma by detrital zircon U - Pb chronology and radiolarian assemblages. In the YZSZ, the Puxia and Jiabi units are interpreted as wedge-top deposits consisting of mudstone matrix and exotic blocks, such as sandstone, chert and limestone. The maximum depositional ages (MDAs) of the sandstone blocks from both units are ca. 65–59 Ma. Detrital zircon provenance analysis and trace element data exclude an intraoceanic arc origin and point to a source from the Gangdese arc and recycled accretionary wedge in the suture zone. Therefore, we propose that the initial collision between India and Asia occurred at 65 Ma in the central-eastern YZSZ.
•We report a remnant peripheral foreland basin at the Yarlung-Zangpo Suture Zone.•The foredeep consists of the Zongzhuo Formation on the Tethyan Himalaya.•The wedge-top, exposed on the accretionary wedge, contains Jiabi and Puxia units.•The foredeep implies the India-Asia collision is no later than 65 Ma.•The ages and provenance of wedge-top and foredeep support a single-stage collision.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•The Bainang complex is related to Late Cretaceous subduction of Neo-Tethyan ocean.•The Bainang complex reflects two systems of ancestral Lhasa River and local river.•Our results ...support a single subduction model along the continental margin.
Accretionary complexes offer important source of information for studying the subduction history and source-to-sink system and neighboring terranes. In this study, we conducted field mapping, detrital zircon U–Pb age and trace element analyses, and electronic microprobe composition analysis of detrital Cr-spinel in sandstones from the Cretaceous Bainang accretionary complex in the central part of the Yarlung–Zangpo suture zone (YZSZ). The Bainang accretionary complex is located in a structural window that is mainly composed of Xigaze ophiolite, Late Triassic–Early Cretaceous radiolarite chert with a Late Cretaceous hemipelagic siliceous shale matrix, and Late Cretaceous sandstone. The obtained detrital zircon geochronological dataset confirms two spectra. Detrital zircons from the Canggasaba and Lianxiang sections are dominated by Precambrian grains with subordinate numbers of Mesozoic grains clustering at 243–178, 164–117, and 109–91 Ma, consistent with the mélange and trench-fill Rongmawa Formation, and all the trace elements of the Mesozoic grains match continental arc affinity. Provenance analysis suggests that detritus in these sections was mainly derived from the eastern part of the Gangdese arc and the central–northern Lhasa terrane. These results confirm the existence of the ancestral Lhasa River that transports sediments from the eastern Lhasa terrane to the subduction zone and further westward along the east–west axial system parallel to the trench. Conversely, the Qiajiu section is mainly dominated by Mesozoic detrital zircon grains, representing submarine fan deposits that were sourced from the adjacent Gangdese arc and transported through a local north–south-flowing river system. Detrital Cr-spinel compositions and detrital zircon trace elements from the Qiajiu section also revealed the contribution of ophiolites. Considering the abundance of Eurasia-affinity detrital zircons, this study supports the single subduction model that was developed along the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Halogenated aromatic disinfection by-products (DBPs) are a new type of DBPs that have been detected in various water bodies. Previous studies have shown that most of them can induce in vivo toxicity ...in aquatic organisms. In this study, in order to further investigate the toxic effects and mechanisms of aromatic DBPs, the toxicity and ecological risks of 10 halogenated aromatic DBPs were assessed using the model organism zebrafish. It was found that the toxicity of DBPs was related to the number, type, and position of halogen and the type of substituent, and the 24 h-toxicity value of DBPs in this experiment could replace their 96 h-toxicity value to reduce the test time and save the test cost. Halogenated phenol and halogenated nitrophenol were more toxic, but the current ecological risks of DBPs were relatively low. In addition, the toxicity mechanism of DBPs was analyzed based on molecular docking and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. The molecular docking results showed that all 10 DBPs could bind to zebrafish's catalase (CAT), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), p53, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), thereby affecting their normal life activities. QSAR models indicated that the toxicity of halogenated aromatic DBPs to zebrafish mainly depended on their hydrophobicity (log D), the interaction with CAT (ECAT), and hydrogen bonding acidity (A).
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•Halogenated phenol and halogenated nitrophenol had higher toxicity to zebrafish.•The current ecological risks of halogenated aromatic DBPs were relatively low.•DBPs could affect zebrafish's CAT, CYP450, p53 and AchE based on molecular docking.•Log D, ECAT and A were the main factors affecting the toxicity mechanism of DBPs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To the Editor： A 23-year-old otherwise healthy male presented with diffuse, erythematous, nonpruritic papules on the trunk and extremities, which gradually developed over 1 month Figure 1a and 1b. ...The patient was afebrile and had no other systemic symptoms. His personal and family histories were unremarkable. He denied any drug intake or episode of infection before the onset. Head, hands, feet, and mucosa were spared. No lymphadenopathies were detected. Histopathological examination revealed full-thickness epidermal necrosis, parakeratosis, vacuolization of the basal layer, and superficial perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the dermis. Exocytosis was prominent, and intraepidermal red blood cells could be seen Figure 1c. A diagnosis ofpityriasis licbenoides et varioliformis acuta （PLEVA） was established. He was prescribed with oral prednisolone （30mg/d） for 2 weeks, and complete remission was obtained. A follow-up visit at 3 years later showed no evidence of recurrence of PLEVA.
Human enterovirus 71 （EV71） is the primary causative agent of recent large-scale outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease （HFMD） in Asia. Currently, there are no drugs available for the prevention ...and treatment of HFMD. In this study, we compared the anti-EV71 activities of three natural compounds, rheum emodin, artemisinin and astragaloside extracted from Chinese herbs Chinese rhubarb, Artemisia carvifolia and Astragalus, respectively, which have been traditionally used for the treatment and prevention of epidemic diseases. Human lung fibroblast cell line MRC5 was mock-infected or infected with EV71, and treated with drugs. The cytotoxicity of the drugs was detected with MTT assay. The cytopathic effects such as cell death and condensed nuclei were morphologically observed. The VPl-coding sequence required for EV71 genome replication was assayed with qRT-PCR. Viral protein expression was analyzed with Western blotting. Viral TClD50 was determined to evaluate EV71 virulence. Flow cytometry analysis of propidium iodide staining was performed to analyze the cell cycle distribution of MRC5 cells. Rheum emodin （29.6 pmol/L） effectively protected MRC5 cells from EV71-induced cytopathic effects, which resulted from the inhibiting viral replication： rheum emodin treatment decreased vira genomic levels by 5.34-fold, viral protein expression by less than 30-fold and EV71 virulence by 0.33107-fold. The fact that inhibition of rheum emodin on viral virulence was much stronger than its effects on genomic levels and viral protein expression suggested that rheum emodin inhibited viral maturation. Furthermore, rheum emodin treatment markedly diminished cell cycle arrest at S phase in MRC5 cells, which was induced by EV71 infection and favored the viral replication. In contrast, neither astragaloside （50 pmol/L） nor artemisinin （50 pmol/L） showed similar anti-EV71 activities. Among the three natural compounds tested, rheum emodin effectively suppressed EV71 viral replication, thus is a candidate anti-HFMD drug.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
"Fuzzy Engineering and Operations Research is the edited outcome of the 5th International Conference on Fuzzy Information and Engineering (ICFIE2011) held during Oct. 15-17, 2011 in Chengdu, China ...and by the 1st academic conference in establishment of Guangdong Province Operations Research Society (GDORSC) held on Oct. 20, 2011 in Guangzhou, China. The 5th ICFIE2011, built on the success of previous conferences, and the GDORC, first held, are major Symposiums, respectively, for scientists, engineers practitioners and Operation Research (OR) researchers presenting their updated results, developments and applications in all areas of fuzzy information and engineering and OR. It aims to strengthen relations between industry research laboratories and universities, and to create a primary symposium for world scientists in Fuzziology and OR fields. The book contains 62 papers and is divided into five main parts: "Fuzzy Optimization, Logic and Information, "The mathematical Theory of Fuzzy Systems, "Fuzzy Engineering Applications and Soft Computing Methods, "OR and Fuzziology and "Guess and Review.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A telescope with a larger primary mirror can collect much more light and resolve objects much better than one with a smaller mirror, and so the larger version is always pursued by astronomers and ...astronomical technicians. Instead of using a monolithic primary mirror, more and more large telescopes, which are currently being planned or in construction, have adopted a segmented primary mirror design. Therefore, how to sense and phase such a primary mirror is a key issue for the future of extremely large optical/infrared telescopes. The Dispersed Fringe Sensor （DFS）, or Dispersed Hartmann Sensor （DHS）, is a non-contact method using broadband point light sources and it can estimate the piston by the two-directional spectrum formed by the transmissive grating＇s dispersion and lenslet array. Thus it can implement the combination of co-focusing by Shack-Hartmann technology and phasing by dispersed fringe sensing technologies such as the template-mapping method and the Hartmann method. We introduce the successful design, construction and alignment of our dis- persed Hartmann sensor together with its design principles and simulations. We also conduct many successful real phasing tests and phasing corrections in the visible waveband using our existing indoor segmented mirror optics platform. Finally, some conclusions are reached based on the test and correction of experimental results.
Background Alveolar echinococcosis （AE） is a disease in human and animals, and the cure rate is unsatisfactory. This study aimed to investigate the curative efficacy of different doses of locally ...applied radiotherapy on alveolar echinococcosis in rats. Methods Rats infected with Echinococcus multilocularis were randomly divided into 4 groups of 15 rats each： low-, middle-, and high-irradiation groups and a control group. Rats in the control group underwent no treatment, while rats in the irradiation groups received 6-MeV radiotherapy at 20 Gy/8 f, 40 Gy/8 f, and 60 Gy/8 f respectively, once every 3 days for a total of 8 times. One month after radiotherapy, wet weight and AE vesicle inhibitory rate were detected in rats of each group. Histopathologic and ultrastructural observations of tissues with AE lesions were performed. Results In the treatment groups, an obvious inhibitory effect was found in AE rats; the inhibitory rates were 50%, 72%, and 82%, respectively. There were also statistical differences in pathological changes and average wet weight of the lesions compared with the control group （P 〈0.05）. In the treatment groups, injuries of various degrees were found in the ultrastructure of the laminated and germinal layers in the capsular wall of AE, and injury was most severe in the high-dose group. Conclusion Radiotherapy has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the arowth of AE.
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