This article presents single-band bandpass filters (BPFs) and multiband BPFs (MBPFs) with enhanced selectivity based on vertically integrated substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) folded patch ...resonators. Two types of folded SISL patch resonators with significantly reduced sizes and three novel topologies are introduced to design BPFs with single or multiband responses. To demonstrate the superiority of the proposed resonators and topology, first, a single-band BPF based on folded open-ended patch resonators with miniaturized sizes is proposed. Its transmission zeros (TZs) generation mechanism will be studied in detail. A third-order BPF with three TZs will be presented to show the advantages of the proposed resonators. Second, for the design of MBPFs, the vertically integrated short-ended folded patch resonators are presented, a novel coupling topology with stopband resonating cells, which can generate two TZs before and after the passbands, is provided to design a third-order BPF with improved roll-off. Third, both open-ended and short-ended vertically integrated folded patch resonators are utilized to design nine-pole tri-band MBPFs without increasing the sizes. All filters are validated by experimental examples on the SISL platform. The test results show reasonable agreement between measured and simulated findings.
Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has the advantages of designability, short process times, high flexibility, etc., making it especially suitable for manufacturing complex high-performance ...components for high-end industrial systems. However, the intensive temperature gradients caused by the rapid heating and cooling processes of AM can generate high levels of residual stresses, which directly affect the precision and serviceability of the components. Taking Inconel 690 alloy, which is widely used in nuclear power plants, as the research object, a thermo-coupled mechanical model of temperature field and residual stress field of directed energy deposition (DED) of Inconel 690 was established based on ABAQUS 2019 finite element software to study the influence of process parameters on the temperature history and the distribution of residual stresses in the DED process. The experimental results show that the peak temperature of each layer in the fabrication process increases with the increase in laser power and preheating temperature, and decreases with the increase in scanning speed and interlayer dwell time. Substrate preheating only has a large effect on the peak temperature of the first four layers. Residual stresses are mainly concentrated in the upper and middle parts, the bottom of the substrate, and the sides combined with the substrate, and the residual stresses increase with the increasing laser power and decrease with the increasing interlayer dwell time. Decreasing laser power, longer dwell time, higher preheating temperature, and appropriate scanning speed are beneficial for the reduction in residual stresses in Inconel 690 components. This research has important significance for the process design and residual stress modulation in the additive manufacturing of Inconel 690 alloy.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•A series of hydrogel alginate binder are synthesized and applied firstly on Si anode.•Al-alg and Ba-alg binders exhibit superior mechanical properties.•The electrodes with Al-alg and ...Ba-alg deliver capacities near 2100mAhg−1 after 300 cycles at 420mAg−1.•The electrode with Ba-alg shows superior cycle performance even at a low binder ratio of 10wt%.
A series of hydrogel alginate binders (M-alg, M=Al, Ba, Mn, Zn) for Si anode of lithium ion battery are synthesized by coordinating alginate molecule chains with different cations respectively. Among these binders, Al-alg and Ba-alg both present their Vickers hardness higher than 32.0HV while other M-alg binders show Vickers hardness less than 25.5HV. The Ba-alg binder exhibits a viscosity of 30270 mPa s while other M-alg binders only show their viscosities less than 1700mPa s. The Si anodes with Al-alg or Ba-alg both deliver their capacities near 2100mAhg−1 after 300 cycles at 420mAg−1, while the electrodes with other M-alg binders show capacities less than 1500mAhg−1. When the current density is increased to 2100mAg−1 or the Si loading mass is increased to 1.0–1.2mgcm−2, the electrodes with Al-alg or Ba-alg still have remarkable advantages. Moreover, the ultrahigh viscosity makes Ba-alg strongly adhere with both Si and current collector, so when the electrodes are fabricated with a material mass ratio of 8:1:1 (Si: acetylene black: binder), the electrode with Ba-alg still delivers an outstanding capacity retention of 49.1% after 200 cycles at 840mAg−1.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Six new withanolides, angulasteroidins A−F (1–6), along with twelve known analogs (7‐18) were isolated from the whole plants of Physalis angulata. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of 1D ...and 2D NMR, ECD and IR spectra, HR‐ESI‐MS data, and ECD calculation. Compounds 1 and 6 were rare 1–10 seco withanolides. Compounds 2–4, 7–9, and 15 exhibited significant inhibitory activity on the production of nitric oxide in the LPS‐activated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.23 to 9.06 μM.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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•Adhesive forces of a single anisole on G-OH/Gr surface are got via AFM experiments.•Anisole exhibits two types of adhesive forces on G-OH surface.•Hydroxyl group has significant ...effect on the adhesive force of G-OH to anisole.•Conformational changes of anisole cause two peaks of its force-height curve to G-OH.
Measuring and understanding interaction forces between hydroxylated graphene (G-OH) and aromatic compounds is significant for the applications of composites based on G-OH, such as 3D graphene derivatives preparation and wastewater treatment. In this research, the adsorption/separation mechanical behavior of anisole on graphene and G-OH surfaces was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The adsorption and separation curves of anisole on graphene and G-OH surfaces were obtained by experiments, and the adhesive forces of a single anisole were achieved by the Poisson statistics method. It is found that there are two types of adhesive forces between anisole and G-OH. For graphene and anisole, two extreme values are got by the adsorption and separation processes, and the adhesive force obtained by the separation process is approximately equal to one type of adhesive force between anisole and G-OH. Furthermore, MD simulation results reveal that the maximum adhesive force of anisole on the G-OH surface depends on its position relative to the hydroxyl group, and anisole has a greater affinity near the hydroxyl group. The position and planar angle of the anisole conformations cause the difference in adhesive forces.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Objective
Thyroid dysfunction may play a role in the development of gestational hypertension. However, this relationship remains unclear. This study was performed to evaluate the association between ...thyroid hormone parameters during early pregnancy and gestational hypertension.
Methods
Women with singleton pregnancies were recruited into this prospective cohort study at 9 to 13 gestational weeks, and their serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, and free triiodothyronine concentrations were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. In total, 1226 participants were included in the final analysis.
Results
Of the 1226 participants, 81 subsequently developed gestational hypertension (overall incidence of 6.6%). Compared with women with euthyroidism, both pregnant women with hypothyroidism and those with subclinical hypothyroidism had an increased risk of gestational hypertension (adjusted odds ratio OR, 3.61; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.52–8.57 and OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.06–4.72, respectively). When the thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine concentrations were analyzed by quintiles, the women in the highest thyroid-stimulating hormone quintile had a higher risk of gestational hypertension (adjusted OR, 4.22; 95% CI, 1.78–9.05) than the women in the middle quintile.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and a high thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration during early pregnancy are risk factors for gestational hypertension.
A special combined proximal tibial osteotomy (CPTO) was designed to correct varus osteoarthritis of the knee with severe intra-articular pathologies, which could not be fully corrected by ...opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). The biomechanical strength of the CPTO bone–implant construct was evaluated and compared with those of existing osteotomy methods.
Three variations of osteotomy including OWHTO, tibial condylar valgus osteotomy (TCVO), and CPTO were performed on synthetic bones with locking plate and screws. Wedge stiffness, wedge displacement, and load failure were measured by biomechanical tests. Three types of numerical tibial models were also constructed by three-dimensional model reconstruction software. The stability parameters of the three variations including wedge stiffness, wedge displacement, and stress distribution were further measured by finite-element analyses.
The biomechanical testing results revealed that the wedge stiffness, wedge displacement, and failure load of the CPTO construct were very close to those of the OWHTO construct. The numerical results of wedge stiffness and displacement showed good conformity to the previous biomechanical results. The stress distribution at the lateral hinge, the plate corner, and the holes of the CPTO construct were close to those of the OWHTO counterpart, while the stress distribution at the inter-condylar eminence of the tibia and at the middle region of the screws was close to those of the TCVO counterpart.
The CPTO construct can provide comparable strength for early mobilization and rehabilitation to that of the OWHTO construct.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study is devoted to numerical modeling of cracking process induced by temperature change in saturated porous rocks in the context of geological disposal of radioactive waste. Effects of material ...anisotropy and heterogeneity are taken into account. The macroscopic elastic properties are determined from two steps of homogenization by considering pores and mineral inclusions at two different scales. An extended phase-field model is proposed to describe the initiation and propagation of localized cracks. Two damage variables are introduced to conveniently represent both tensile and shear cracks. New damage evolution criteria are defined by incorporating the pore pressure effect. Three application examples are presented. By assuming a random distribution of pores and inclusions, the efficiency of the proposed model for capturing the progressive cracking process is first verified in a triaxial compression test. The thermal cracking process in an anisotropic and heterogeneous sample is then investigated. The respective influences of elastic anisotropy and spatial variability of pores and inclusions are outlined. Finally, the proposed model is applied to a series of real laboratory thermal cracking tests. Both hydromechanical responses and cracking evolution patterns are investigated. Numerical results are compared with experimental measurements. The main mechanisms involved in the thermal cracking process are highlighted.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Compared with other factors influencing vegetation patterns, such as light and temperature, precipitation has relatively large variability, especially on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), where the ...natural environment is extremely fragile and sensitive. However, the impact of precipitation regimes, rather than precipitation amount, on vegetation has seldom been revealed. This study characterised the precipitation regimes by both the amount and temporal distribution of precipitation and zoned the QTP as different precipitation regimes accordingly. The response of vegetation to such precipitation regimes was then investigated. The results indicate that the vegetation patterns are quite consistent with zoning, that is, there is a certain type or a few dominant types of vegetation in each sub-region divided by the precipitation regimes. The areas where the precipitation became more uniform within a year were concentrated in grassland and bare land, which benefits the restoration and improvement of the ecological environment of the plateau. The increase in precipitation variability in the south-eastern part of the plateau may lead to natural disasters such as floods and mudslides. This study provides a novel perspective to understand the distribution of vegetation patterns.
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•Precipitation regimes are identified by both the amount and the temporal variability.•Vegetation distribution has a strong response to these two factors simultaneously.•27% of QTP area with significant trend towards more uniform precipitation were concentrated in grassland and bare land.•Increase in precipitation variability in the southeastern plateau may lead to floods and mudslides.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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