A prediction method of hydrocarbon distribution associated with fault-shale caprock configuration leakages is established through superposing hydrocarbon distribution at deep basin fault-shale ...caprock configuration leakages, and conducting faults to understand distribution of shallow reservoirs of “lower generation, upper accumulation” in petroliferous basins based on fault-shale caprock configuration leakage mechanism. Prediction of hydrocarbon distribution at the Ed-3 Member in the south of the northern Dagang area of Bohai Bay Basin was used to demonstrate the application of the proposed method. Results show that predicted oil and gas at the Ed-3 Member are mainly distributed in the middle of the north and in the middle of the south edge, where fault-shale caprock configuration leakages in the middle of the Sha-1 Member contributed positively to oil and gas migration from the hydrocarbon reservoir at deep basin to the shallow reservoirs. The prediction matches well with discovered oil and gas in this area, proving the validity of this method.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) is a key process in water-splitting systems, fuel cells, and metal–air batteries, but the development of highly active and robust OER catalyst by simple methods is ...a great challenge. Here, we report an in situ dynamic surface self-reconstruction that can dramatically improve the catalytic activity of electrocatalysts. A fluoride (F–)-incorporating NiFe hydroxide (NiFe-OH-F) nanosheet array was initially grown on Ni foam by a one-step hydrothermal method, which requires a 243 mV over-potential (η) to achieve a 10 mA cm–2 current density with a Tafel slope of 42.9 mV dec–1 in alkaline media. After the surface self-reconstruction induced by fluoride leaching under OER conditions, the surface of NiFe-OH-F was converted into highly mesoporous and amorphous NiFe oxide hierarchical structure, and the OER activity at η = 220 mV increases over 58-fold. The corresponding η at 10 mA cm–2 decreases to 176 mV with an extreme low Tafel slope of 22.6 mV dec–1; this performance is superior to that of the state-of-the-art OER electrocatalysts.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Abstract
Since the 1980s, research on Sinographic literature has made significant strides. From the standpoint of academic history, this research has undergone three broad stages, which are ...represented respectively by new materials, new questions, and new methods. These have been the overall trends, which necessarily overlap each other. Research on Sinographic literature has diverged from a focus on new material toward the refinement of new questions and the exploration of new methodologies. One such exploratory approach is “the Sinosphere as methodology,” which addresses the shortcomings of four previous research models and seeks to put this new methodological concept into practice, to contain the expansionist impulses of cultural imperialism, and to prise apart nationalist parochialism.
Nickel nanoparticles encapsulated in few‐layer nitrogen‐doped graphene (Ni@NC) are synthesized by using a Ni‐based metal–organic framework as the precursor for high‐temperature annealing treatment. ...The resulting Ni@NC materials exhibit highly efficient and ultrastable electrocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction as well as overall water splitting in alkaline environment.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensor and sensor arrays were applied widespread particularly in harsh environments. Although FBGs are often referring to permanent refractive index modulation ...in the fiber core, exposure to high-temperature environments usually results in the bleach of the refractive index modulation. The maximum temperature reported for the conventional FBG temperature sensor is around 600 degC due to its weak bonds of germanium and oxygen. In this paper, we report design and development of a novel high-temperature resistance FBG temperature sensor, based on the hydrogen-loaded germanium-doped FBG. The refractive index modulation in the FBG is induced by the molecular water. The results of our experiments have shown that the stability of the device is substantially increased at high temperature range. Due to the high bonds energy of hydroxyl and the low diffusivity of the molecular water, the thermal testing results of this temperature sensor show the thermal stability of hydrogen-loaded FBG can be increased by using annealing treatment; moreover, the highest erasing temperature for the device could reach to 1100 degC or more. The reflectivity of this new FBG depends on the concentration of Si-OH and indirectly related to the reflectivity of hydrogen-loaded FBG. Furthermore, the experimental results have provided a better understanding of the formation of the hydrogen-loaded FBGs and the chemical transfers at elevated temperatures in the fiber core
•Resveratrol was highly distributed in the intestine but not poorly absorbed.•The amount of resveratrol could partially support its intestinal bioactivities.•The metabolites were of different ...composition in different intestinal tissues.•Resveratrol-3-O-sulfate regulated gut microbial growth and gut barrier function.
Resveratrol, a dietary polyphenol, has a variety of intestinal bioactivities. However, its material basis remains unknown. This study examined the intestinal pharmacokinetics of resveratrol using HPLC-MS/MS. After oral ingestion in mice, resveratrol and its sulfation metabolites were identified in copious amount in the entire intestinal tract and feces. The glucuronidation metabolites were found in major quantity only in the small intestine. The amount of resveratrol and its metabolites in the total intestine peaked at 4 h, with a concentration of 200 ± 74.8 μM, which corresponded to 14.0% of the administrated dose. During in vitro fermentation, resveratrol-3-O-sulfate, but not resveratrol, significantly promoted the growth of Lactobacillus reuteri (10-fold higher). During the incubation with Caco-2 cells, resveratrol-3-O-sulfate significantly up-regulated the mRNA expressions of tight junction and mucin-related proteins.
In conclusion, the intestinal concentration of resveratrol could partially support its intestinal bioactivities, which may be mediated through the actions of its metabolites.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•Development of cathodic plasma driven self-assembly approach.•Fabrication of 3D dendrites arranged by HEAs nanoparticles.•High OER performed induced from the large surface and ...lattice deformation of electrode.
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been recognized as promising catalysts enabling the improvement of the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Nevertheless, the fabrication of nano HEAs at large-scale is still challenging. Herein, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, cathodic plasma electrolysis deposition (CPED) is utilized to develop FeCoNiMnCu HEA dendrites which are self-assembled by single HEA nanoparticles. These particles were examined to be face-centered cubic, having a size less than 40 nm and being randomly stacked together porously. The dendrites appear a 3D structure and leave a gap of approximately 5 um in between, leading to a significantly large surface area. Along with the highly deformed lattices with defects, this unique nanostructure achieves the very high efficient OER performance with an overpotential of 280 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 59 mV dec−1 in 1.0 M KOH solution. FeCoNiMnCu HEA dendrites also show outstanding electrochemical stability and are claimed that no compositional reorganization occurs after the long-term durability test. This work provides a new route to synthesize nanoscale HEAs for energy storage and conversion in a large-scale base for practical commercialization.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Herein we converted Fe-Ni hydroxide nanosheets into an Fe-Ni phosphide nanoparticle-stack array on Ni foam by low-temperature phosphorization treatment for promoting the specific surface area of ...Fe-Ni phosphide and further improving its oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities. The alkaline electro-activated Fe-Ni-P nanoparticle-stack array exhibits exceptional OER activities in both alkaline and neutral media.
It has been of interest in seeking electrocatalysts that could exercise equally high-efficient and durable hydrogen evolution upon nonselective electrolytes in both acidic and alkaline environments. ...Herein, we report a facile strategy to fabricate cobalt tungsten phosphides (Co
x
W
2−
x
P
2
/C) hollow polyhedrons with tunable composition based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) template method. By the deliberate control of W doping, the synthesized catalyst with the composition of Co
0.9
W
1.1
P
2
/C is found to be able to achieve a current density of 10 mA·cm
−2
at overpotentials of 35 and 54 mV in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. This combined electrochemical property stands atop the state-of-the-art electrocatalyst counterparts. To unveil the peculiar behavior of the structure, density functional theory (DFT) calculation was implemented and reveals that the surface W-doping facilitates the optimization of hydrogen absorption free energy (Δ
G
H*
) as well as the thermodynamic and kinetics barriers for water dissociation, which is coupled with the hollow structure of Co-W phosphides, leading to the prominent HER catalytic performance.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Potassium‐intercalated graphite intercalation compounds (K‐GICs) are of particular physical and chemical interest due to their versatile structures and fascinating properties. Fundamental insights ...into the K+ storage mechanism, and the complex kinetics/thermodynamics that control the reactions and structural rearrangements allow manipulating K‐GICs with desired functionalities. Here operando studies including in situ Raman mapping and in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations, in combination with density‐functional theory simulations are carried out to correlate the real‐time electrochemical K+ intercalation/deintercalation process with structure/component evolution. The experimental results, together with theoretical calculations, reveal the reversible K‐GICs staging transition: C ↔ stage 5 (KC60) ↔ stage 4 (KC48) ↔ stage 3 (KC36) ↔ stage 2 (KC24/KC16) ↔ stage 1 (KC8). Moreover, the staging transition is clearly visualized and an intermediate phase of stage 2 with the stoichiometric formula of KC16 is identified. The staging transition mechanism involving both intrastage transition from KC24 (stage 2) to KC16 (stage 2) and interstage transition is proposed. The present study promotes better fundamental understanding of K+ storage behavior in graphite, develops a nondestructive technological basis for accurately capture nonuniformity in electrode phase evolution across the length scale of graphite domains, and offers guidance for efficient research in other GICs.
Operando techniques including Raman mapping and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), in combination with theoretical simulations, have enabled the direct visualization of potassium‐intercalated graphite intercalation compounds staging evolution precisely during electrochemical operations, with high temporal and spatial resolution. Moreover, solid evidence for a new stoichiometric formula of KC16 and intrastage transition within stage 2 are found.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
