Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been recognized as emerging pollutants that are widely distributed and accumulated in most of aquatic environment. Although many ARGs-removal technologies are ...employed, a corresponding discussion of merits and limitations of known technologies is still currently lacking. More importantly, the removal mechanisms of ARGs remain unclear, hindering their ecological feasibility. Thus, further in-depth studies are highly required. In this review, the occurrence and risk of ARGs in aquatic environment are introduced, and the main routes and potential impacts of ARGs dissemination are enumerated. In addition, several novel ARGs detection methods are critically reviewed. Notably, to ensure greater applicability of these technologies, systematic information on how recent technologies impact the ARGs removal and control are comprehensively compared and summarized. Finally, future research directions to alleviate the risk of ARGs in aquatic environment are briefly introduced. Taken together, this review provides useful information to facilitate the development of innovative and feasible ARGs removal technologies and increase their economic viability and ecological sustainability.
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•The dissemination of ARGs in aquatic environment is introduced.•The latest ARGs detection technologies are proposed and compared.•ARGs removal technologies towards aquatic environment are compared and discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) removal coupling with bioenergy production by microalgae has attracted growing attention. However, the biological interactions between PPCPs and ...microalgae are unclear during microalgal biosorption and biodegradation of PPCPs. In this study, an optimal ciprofloxacin (CIP) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) removal efficiency were achieved 100% and 54.53% with carbohydrate productivity of >1000 mg L−1 d−1 by Chlamydomonas sp. Tai-03, respectively. The elimination routes indicated that CIP removal was mainly achieved by biodegradation (65.05%) whereas SDZ was mainly removed by photolysis (35.60%). The visualization evidence of microscopic imaging Raman spectrometer supported the favorable biosorption of CIP due to its positive charge (+10.20 mV). Meanwhile, the tendency for gradual reduction of CIP in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) indicated that suspended microalgal cell facilitated CIP uptake and biodegradation. Furthermore, photolysis and biodegradation pathways were thoroughly analyzed to demonstrate that intermediates were less toxic and had no adverse effect on the subsequent ethanol conversion. This study provides valuable information for the development of a novel microalgal PPCPs removal. These findings reveal the possible biological mechanisms of biosorption and biodegradation of PPCPs in microalgae, which could further enhance the feasibility of microalgal applications for simultaneous PPCPs remediation and alternative energy production.
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•65.05% CIP and 17.05% SDZ were biodegraded by Tai-03, which was higher than sludge.•The visual evidence by MI-RS represented the favorable biosorption of CIP.•Positive charge facilitated CIP uptake and biodegradation.•12 CIP and 9 SDZ intermediates were identified in photolysis and biodegradation.•The toxicity of intermediates was preliminarily estimated by ECOSAR analysis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
UAV-based object detection has recently attracted a lot of attention due to its diverse applications. Most of the existing convolution neural network based object detection models can perform well in ...common object detection cases. However, due to the fact that objects in UAV images are spatially distributed in a very dense manner, these methods have limited performance for UAV-based object detection. In this paper, we propose a novel transformer-based object detection model to improve the accuracy of object detection in UAV images. To detect dense objects competently, an advanced foreground enhancement attention Swin Transformer (FEA-Swin) framework is designed by integrating context information into the original backbone of a Swin Transformer. Moreover, to avoid the loss of information of small objects, an improved weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) is presented by designing the skip connection operation. The proposed method aggregates feature maps from four stages and keeps abundant information of small objects. Specifically, to balance the detection accuracy and efficiency, we introduce an efficient neck of the BiFPN network by removing a redundant network layer. Experimental results on both public datasets and a self-made dataset demonstrate the performance of our method compared to the state-of-the-art methods in terms of detection accuracy.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper presents a multivariable finite‐time observer‐based adaptive‐gain sliding mode control scheme for a fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) subject to the unmeasurable angular rates and ...unknown matched/unmatched disturbance. The control‐oriented model is obtained through the dynamics of fixed‐wing UAV and is composed of attitude subsystem and airspeed subsystem. For the attitude subsystem, a multi‐variable finite‐time observer (MFO) is constructed to achieve the estimation values of unknown states. With the estimation values provided by MFO, a novel adaptive dual‐layer continuous terminal sliding mode (ADL‐CTSM) controller is proposed to track the reference attitude command in finite time. The advantage of the proposed ADL‐CTSM controller is that the bounds of the disturbances are not required and the adaptive gains are obtained as small as possible to attenuate chattering efficiently. For the airspeed subsystem, the tracking differentiator (TD), which enhances the tracking performance, is employed to obtain the smooth reference command and its derivative. The Lipschitz continuous control signal is generated by the designed airspeed controller which is based on the linear proportional‐integral (PI) and the integral of the adaptive‐dual layer twisting algorithm (PIATCI). The rigorous proof of the finite‐time stability of the close‐loop system is provided through Lyapunov criteria and homogeneous technique. Finally, three cases of simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Bacteria and microalgae often coexist during the recycling of microalgal bioresources in wastewater treatment processes. Although the bacteria may compete with the microalgae for nutrients, they ...could also facilitate microalgal harvesting by forming algal-bacterial aggregates. However, very little is known about interspecies interactions between bacteria and microalgae. In this study, we investigated the responses of a model microalga, Chlorophyta sp., to the typical quorum sensing (QS) molecules N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) extracted from activated sludge bacteria. Chlorophyta sp. self-aggregated in 200 μm bioflocs by secreting 460–1000 kDa aromatic proteins upon interacting with AHLs, and the settling efficiency of Chlorophyta sp. reached as high as 41%. However, Chlorophyta sp. cells were essentially in a free suspension in the absence of AHLs. Fluorescence intensity of the aromatic proteins had significant (P < 0.05) relationship with the Chlorophyta sp. settleability, and showed a positive correlation, indicating that aromatic proteins helped aggregate microalga. Transcriptome results further revealed up-regulation of synthesis pathways for aromatic proteins from tyrosine and phenylalanine that was assisted by anthranilate accumulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to confirm that eukaryotic microorganisms can sense and respond to prokaryotic QS molecules.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
A SiO
2
-coated LiAlSiO
4
:18 mol%Eu
3+
(LASE) phosphor was prepared via the high-temperature solid-state reaction method and the sol–gel process. The crystal phase, surface morphology, luminescent ...properties, and thermal stability of the coated phosphor were investigated and compared with those of uncoated phosphor. SiO
2
forms a transparent dense film on the phosphor surface without changing the crystal phase and the peak positions of the fluorescence spectra. After coating SiO
2
, the lifetime of the optimal LASE@5wt%SiO
2
phosphor has a slight change, but its luminescence intensity, thermal stability, and color purity are enhanced by 9.3%, 19%, and 90%, respectively. And its CIE chromaticity coordinate is calculated to be (0.6460, 0.3514), close to the National Television System Committee (NTSC) value (0.67, 0.33). The fabricated white light-emitting diode (w-LED) device using the combination of a 395 nm InGaN chip and phosphors mixture (BaMgAl
10
O
17
:Eu, SrSi
2
O
2
N
2
:Eu and the optimized LASE@5wt%SiO
2
phosphors) can emit a bright white light with good CIE color coordinates (0.3265, 0.3783), low correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5720 K, and high color rendering index (CRI) of 89.3. All the results demonstrate that the optimized phosphor can be potentially used as a red phosphor in near-ultraviolet (n-UV) excited w-LEDs.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•mNGS is superior to standard culture in the PJI diagnosis and improve pathogen detection rate;•mNGS can improve diagnosis of co-colonization, which can lead to improved treatment strategy and ...improved clinical outcome;•mNGS of periprosthetic tissue can potentially replace analyses of synovial fluid or sonication fluid.
The purpose of this study was to explore the role of mNGS in the diagnosis of PJI by detecting the presence of bacteria in periprosthetic tissues.
Patients who were suspected of PJI and underwent surgery in our center were enrolled. Microbial culture and mNGS were performed on periprosthetic tissues collected intraoperatively. Patient age, body mass index (BMI), laboratory tests, microbial culture and mNGS results were recorded. The diagnostic performance of microbial culture and mNGS in the diagnosis of PJI was compared.
A total of 44 patients were included. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of periprosthetic tissue microbial culture in the diagnosis of PJI were 72.72%, 77.27%, 76.19%, 73.91% and 75%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of periprosthetic tissue mNGS in the diagnosis of PJI were 95.45%, 90.91%, 91.3%, 95.24% and 93.18%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of mNGS in the diagnosis of PJI were superior to those of microbial culture.
Periprosthetic tissue can be used as an alternative to synovial fluid and sonication fluid, as mNGS can improve the diagnosis of PJI. mNGS of the periprosthetic tissues showed higher sensitivity than microbial culture.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lasers have demonstrated great potential as the light source for various spectroscopies, which, if they can be focused into a small beam spot, will not only allow ...investigation of mesoscopic materials and structures but also find application in the manufacture of nano-objects with excellent precision. In this work, we report the construction of a 177 nm VUV laser that can achieve a record-small (~0.76 μm) focal spot at a long focal length (~45 mm) by using a flat lens without spherical aberration. The size of the beam spot of this VUV laser was tested using a metal grating and exfoliated graphene flakes, and we demonstrated its application in a fluorescence spectroscopy study on pure and Tm
-doped NaYF
microcrystals, revealing a new emission band that cannot be observed in the traditional up-conversion process. In addition, this laser system would be an ideal light source for spatially and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.
Esketamine has higher potency, stronger receptor affinity, a stronger analgesic effect, a higher in vivo clearance rate, and a lower incidence of adverse reactions when compared to ketamine. However, ...there have been few ketamine studies to assess patient-centered, overall recovery outcomes from the perspective of patients with colorectal cancer.
This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Ninety-two patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to either the esketamine (K group) or non-eskatamine (C group) group. After anesthesia induction, a loading dose of 0.25 mg/kg was administered, followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 0.12 mg.kg-1.h-1 until closure of surgical incisions in the K group. In the C group, an equivalent volume of normal saline was infused. The primary outcome was quality of recovery at 24 h after surgery, as measured by the Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) scale. The QoR-15 was evaluated at three timepoints: before (Tbefore), 24 h (T24h) and 72 h (T72h) after surgery.
A total of 88 patients completed this study. The total QoR-15 scores in K group (n = 45) were higher than in the C group (n = 43) at 24 h: 112.33 ± 8.79 vs. 103.93 ± 9.03 (P = 0.000) and at 72 h: 118.73 ± 7.82 vs. 114.79 ± 7.98 (P = 0.022). However, the differences between the two groups only had clinical significance at 24 h after surgery. Among the five dimensions of the QoR-15, physical comfort (P = 0.003), emotional state (P = 0.000), and physical independence (P = 0.000) were significantly higher at 24 h in the K group, and physical comfort (P = 0.048) was higher at 72 h in the K group.
This study found that intraoperative intravenous low-dose esketamine could improve the early postoperative quality of recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer from the perspective of patients.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Visual navigation is of vital importance for autonomous mobile robots. Most existing practical perception-aware based visual navigation methods generally require prior-constructed precise metric ...maps, and learning-based methods rely on large training to improve their generality. To improve the reliability of visual navigation, in this paper, we propose a novel object-level topological visual navigation method. Firstly, a lightweight object-level topological semantic map is constructed to release the dependence on the precise metric map, where the semantic associations between objects are stored via graph memory and topological organization is performed. Then, we propose an object-based heuristic graph search method to select the global topological path with the optimal and shortest characteristics. Furthermore, to reduce the global cumulative error, a global path segmentation strategy is proposed to divide the global topological path on the basis of active visual perception and object guidance. Finally, to achieve adaptive smooth trajectory generation, a Bernstein polynomial-based smooth trajectory refinement method is proposed by transforming trajectory generation into a nonlinear planning problem, achieving smooth multi-segment continuous navigation. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of our method on both simulation and real-world scenarios. The proposed method also obtains better navigation success rate (SR) and success weighted by inverse path length (SPL) than the state-of-the-art methods.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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