The C content has a significant effect on the microstructure especially surface gradient structure of nitrogen-containing cermets. In the literature, how the C content affects the gradient structure ...of nitrogen-containing cermets is unclear. Combining thermodynamic calculations and experimental techniques, a series of (Ti, Mo)(C, N)–Ni and Ti(C, N)–Mo2C–Ni cermets with different carbon contents were investigated experimentally. When sintering in a denitrification atmosphere, the C content in the binder phase of (Ti, Mo)(C, N)–Ni and Ti(C, N)–Mo2C–Ni cermets shows the trend of high surface concentration and low core concentration, the thickness of Ni-rich gradient layer of cermets decreases with the increase of C content, and the (Mo, Ti)C phase precipitates in the gradient layer of Ti(C, N)–Mo2C–Ni cermet. The results of XRD and specific saturation magnetization data indicate a decrease of the solubility of alloy elements Ti and Mo in the Ni binder phase with the increase of C content. The formation mechanism of the gradient layer of (Ti, Mo)(C, N)–Ni and Ti(C, N)–Mo2C–Ni cermets at different C contents was discussed. Due to the thermodynamic coupling of Ti–C, the high concentration of C on the cermets surface inhibits the local activity of Ti atoms, weakens the driving force for migration of Ti to the core, and results in a thinner Ni-rich gradient layer. Moreover, the amalgamation and growth of hard particles in the alloy and the number of bright inclusions in (Ti, Mo)(C, N)-based cermets can also be reduced with the increase of C content.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Graphdiyne has excellent potential due to its enzymatic properties. Metal-free sulfur-doped Graphdiyne (S-GDY) has piezoelectric characteristics, and ultrasonic excitation of S-GDY enhances ...peroxidase activity. It can turn hydrogen peroxide into toxic hydroxyl radicals and induce apoptosis in 4T1 cells. More importantly, the ultrasound (US) enhanced nanozyme induced 4T1 cell ferroptosis by promoting an imbalanced redox reaction due to glutathione depletion and glutathione peroxidase 4 inactivation. S-GDY exhibited enhanced nanozyme activity in vitro and in vivo that may directly trigger apoptosis-ferroptosis for effective tumor therapy. Altogether, this study was expected to provide new insights into the design of piezoelectric catalytic nanozyme and expand their application in the catalytic therapy of tumors.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The membrane proteins, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-BI, gene name Scarb1), are lipoprotein receptors that play central roles in lipoprotein ...metabolism. Cholesterol bound in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and LDL is transported into cells mainly by SR-BI and LDLR. The relative contribution of LDL and HDL to the steroidogenic cholesterol pool varies among species and may vary among tissues within one species. To investigate which of these pathways is more important in the supply of cholesterol in mouse ovary, we utilized immunohistochemistry, western blotting, RNAi, and RT-PCR as well as Ldlr−/− mice to explore the uptake of HDL and LDL in the ovary. Our data demonstrate that both SR-BI and LDLR are present in the interstitial cells, thecal cells, and corpora lutea (CLs), and their expression fluctuates with the development of follicles and CLs. The intracellular cholesterol concentration was significantly decreased when Ldlr or Scarb1 was silenced in luteal cells. Furthermore, Ldlr−/− mice had lower progesterone and estrogen levels compared to wild-type mice, and when Ldlr−/− mice were treated with the inhibitor of de novo cholesterol synthesis, lovastatin, serum progesterone, and estrogen concentrations were further reduced. These results demonstrate that both LDLR and SR-BI play important roles in importing cholesterol and that both HDL and LDL are crucial in steroidogenesis in mouse ovaries. Summary Sentence LDLR and SR-BI play important roles in importing cholesterol and both HDL and LDL are important in the stero/idogenesis in mouse ovaries.
This paper presents an approach to extend the remote distance of inductive-capacitance (LC) passive wireless sensors via strongly coupled magnetic resonances. The use of an intermediate resonator ...(repeater) for enhancing the magnetic resonance results in multiple peak frequencies of a readout system. A coefficient matrix method is used here to analyze the effects of the repeater theoretically, including frequency splitting and sensitivity decay. The circuit simulation results agree well with the analytical analysis. An interrogation approach to avoid sensitivity decay is proposed by summing the two peak frequencies. A varactor-based LC passive voltage sensor is wirelessly measured with three different repeaters and without the repeater, respectively. It is shown that the remote distance of the passive wireless sensor with the repeater can be improved to 180% without sensitivity decay.
•Shengjiang Xiexin Decoction (SXD) effectively ameliorated AAD.•SXD recovered disordered gut microbiota in AAD rats.•SXD partly improved the integrity of intestinal barrier in AAD rats.•SXD recovered ...perturbed metabolic homeostasis in AAD rats.•Clear correlation among gut microbiota and metabolic profile was found.
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) has had a significant increase in the last years, with limited available effective therapies. Shengjiang Xiexin Decoction (SXD), a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating diarrhea, is a promising alternative for reducing the incidence of AAD.
This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of SXD on AAD and to investigate its potential therapeutic mechanism by integrated analysis of the gut microbiome and intestinal metabolic profile.
16S rRNA sequencing analysis of the gut microbiota and untargeted-metabolomics analysis of feces were performed. The mechanism was further explored by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).
SXD could effectively ameliorate AAD symptoms and restore intestinal barrier function. In addition, SXD could significantly improve the diversity of the gut microbiota and accelerate the recovery of the gut microbiota. At the genus level, SXD significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides spp (p < 0.01) and decreased the relative abundance of Escherichia_Shigela spp (p < 0.001). Untargeted metabolomics showed that SXD significantly improved gut microbiota and host metabolic function, particularly bile acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism.
This study demonstrated that SXD could extensively modulate the gut microbiota and intestinal metabolic homeostasis to treat AAD.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, characterized by high invasion and metastasis. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1) plays an ...important role in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, and has gained attention as an anticancer drug target. Here, we report that the natural sesquiterpene lactone alantolactone (ALA) was shown to bind directly to AKR1C1 through the Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration (PISA) analysis, a label-free target identification approach based on thermal proteome profiling. Acting as a specific inhibitor of AKR1C1, ALA selectively inhibits the activity of AKR1C1 and ALA treatment in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell results in a reduction in cell proliferation and metastasis, inhibition of AKR1C1 expression, and deactivation of STAT3. Moreover, ALA inhibited tumor growth
, and the inhibition of AKR1C1 and STAT3 activation were also found in the murine xenograft model. Collectively, our work not only gives mechanistic insights to explain the bioactivity of ALA in anticancer but also provides opportunities of developing novel sesquiterpene lactone-based AKR1C1 inhibitors for the treatment of NSCLC.
Background:
As
Oryza sativa
ssp.
indica
and
Oryza sativa
ssp.
japonica
are the two major subspecies of Asian cultivated rice, the adaptative evolution of these varieties in divergent environments is ...an important topic in both theoretical and practical studies. However, the cell type-specific differentiation between
indica
and
japonica
rice varieties in response to divergent habitat environments, which facilitates an understanding of the genetic basis underlying differentiation and environmental adaptation between rice subspecies at the cellular level, is little known.
Methods:
We analyzed a published single-cell RNA sequencing dataset to explore the differentially expressed genes between
indica
and
japonica
rice varieties in each cell type. To estimate the relationship between cell type-specific differentiation and environmental adaptation, we focused on genes in the WRKY, NAC, and BZIP transcription factor families, which are closely related to abiotic stress responses. In addition, we integrated five bulk RNA sequencing datasets obtained under conditions of abiotic stress, including cold, drought and salinity, in this study. Furthermore, we analyzed quiescent center cells in rice root tips based on orthologous markers in
Arabidopsis
.
Results:
We found differentially expressed genes between
indica
and
japonica
rice varieties with cell type-specific patterns, which were enriched in the pathways related to root development and stress reposes. Some of these genes were members of the WRKY, NAC, and BZIP transcription factor families and were differentially expressed under cold, drought or salinity stress. In addition,
LOC
_
Os01g16810
,
LOC
_
Os01g18670
,
LOC
_
Os04g52960
, and
LOC
_
Os08g09350
may be potential markers of quiescent center cells in rice root tips.
Conclusion:
These results identified cell type-specific differentially expressed genes between
indica
-
japonica
rice varieties that were related to various environmental stresses and provided putative markers of quiescent center cells. This study provides new clues for understanding the development and physiology of plants during the process of adaptative divergence, in addition to identifying potential target genes for the improvement of stress tolerance in rice breeding applications.
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is caused by hip joint anomalies. Although asymptomatic and symptomatic FAI have been reported in young adults, information on biomechanical and functional ...characteristics of FAI is rare. We compared the subjective hip score, range of motion (ROM), dynamic balance, and hip strength between symptomatic FAI (FAIsym) and asymptomatic FAI (FAIasym) groups and healthy controls. Participants (n = 307; men: 155, women: 152) were classified according to morphological abnormalities and hip joint symptoms, comprising symptomatic FAI, asymptomatic FAI, and healthy controls. The Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), hip ROM, Y-balance test (YBT), and isokinetic hip strength were measured. The types of FAI were not significantly differenent in both men and women. FAIsym exhibited significantly reduced HAGOS, whereas FAIasym showed no significant difference compared to the healthy group (men: healthy 91.7 vs. FAIasym 87.2 vs. FAIsym 49.9, women: healthy 91.7 vs. FAIasym 86.2 vs. FAIsym 53.9). Hip flexion, adduction, and internal and external rotation ROMs were only significantly reduced in symptomatic FAI. Asymptomatic and symptomatic FAI groups displayed significantly lower YBT scores than healthy controls (men healthy: 84.9 vs. FAIasym: 69.0 vs. FAIsym 58.7, women healthy 79.2 vs. FAIasym 64.0 vs. FAIsym 55.5). Isokinetic hip flexion, adduction, and abduction strengths were significantly lower in FAIsym. In conclusion, FAIasym showed no decrease in muscle strength but displayed reduced dynamic balance. Subjective satisfaction, ROM, muscle strength, and dynamic balance were lower in FAIsym compared to FAIasym and healthy groups.
Today, food safety is a common concern in the world. As the main source of food, agricultural products’ safety is also worthy of attention. By establishing the vertical integration model of the ...agricultural product supply chain, the circulation links of agricultural products can be reduced, and the circulation efficiency and quality level of agricultural products can be improved. This paper assumes that under the condition of simple fresh agricultural products, there is only one wholesaler and one retailer in the agricultural product supply chain. Through the analysis of the economic model, it is concluded that the vertical integration of the agricultural product supply chain has a positive impact on the safety of agricultural products. With the improvement of the vertical integration of the supply agricultural products supply chain, the efforts of wholesalers and suppliers to ensure the safety of agricultural products have been improved, the circulation cost of agricultural products has been reduced, and the sales price of agricultural products has been reduced.
Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) is a major risk factor for thrombotic diseases. Rhubarb, well-known as a traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, especially for ...promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis (PBRB), which has been become a functional health food for decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, due to the complexity of rhubarb components, it is still difficult to clarify the specific targets of effective substances in PBRB, and the pharmacodynamic mechanism needs to be further probed.
The “compound-target-cell-disease” network analysis was initially used to predict potential targets and bioactive compounds. The effect of rhubarb for the treatment of HVS was examined by histopathology and biochemical assays based on the HVS rat model.
Through the “compound-target-cell-disease” network analysis, eight potential therapeutic targets were eventually screened out, and platelets were predicted as the main effector cells of rhubarb in PBRB. Among targets coagulation factor II (prothrombin, F2) and fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG) were closely related to platelets, and five compounds associated with F2 and FGG were predicted including emodin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Emo), physcion-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Phy), procyanidin B-5,3′-O-gallate, torachrysone-8-O-beta-D-(6′-oxayl)-glucoside and epicatechin. Furthermore, thoracic aorta histopathology and biochemical examinations showed middle dose of rhubarb (0.42 g/kg/day) significantly ameliorated pathological changes, hemorheology parameters, as well as levels of representative biomarkers such as plasma P-selectin (P-sel) and thromboxane (TXB2) in platelet activation compared to HVS rat model, whose effects were comparable to the positive drug aspirin or even better. Finally, it was further validated F2 and FGG as the major effective targets of rhubarb as well as its two active ingredients Emo and Phy in PBRB.
This study may provide an innovative way and scientific information to further understand the main effective components of rhubarb and its mechanisms about targets of F2 and FGG in PBRB, especially the new therapeutic target FGG, which also provide a basis for establishing a quality control for rhubarb by bioassays that could correlate the clinical efficacy and its mechanism.
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•The “compound-target-cell-disease” network analysis is initially used.•Only middle dose of rhubarb appears to significantly ameliorated HVS.•FGG was first reported as a target for drug on the effect of PBRB.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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