Background
Handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with poor clinical outcomes, including all‐cause, non‐cardiovascular, and cardiovascular mortalities. The published cut‐off points for HGS are mostly ...based on community populations from Western countries, lacking information on cancer patients from China. The objective of this study was to establish sex‐specific cut‐off points for Chinese cancer patients and investigate the effect of low HGS on cancer mortality.
Methods
We did a retrospective cohort study of patients who were diagnosed with malignant cancer from June 2012 to December 2018. HGS was measured using a hand dynamometer in 8257 cancer patients. Optimal stratification was used to solve threshold points. The hazard ratio (HR) of all cancer mortality and cancer‐specific mortality was calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression models.
Results
Among all participants, there were 3902 (47.3%) women and 4355 (52.7%) men. The median age was 58 years old. The cut‐off points of HGS to best classify patients with respect to time to mortality were <16.1 kg for women and <22 kg for men. Low HGS was associated with overall cancer mortality in both women and men HR = 1.339, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.170–1.531, P < 0.001; HR = 1.346, 95% CI = 1.176–1.540, P < 0.001, respectively. For specific cancer types, low HGS was associated with breast cancer (HR = 1.593, 95% CI = 1.230–2.063, P < 0.001) in women, and lung cancer (HR = 1.369, 95% CI = 1.005–1.866, P = 0.047) and colorectal cancer (HR = 1.399, 95% CI = 1.007–1.944, P = 0.045) in men.
Conclusions
On the basis of our sex‐specific cut‐off points, low HGS was strongly associated with cancer mortalities. These results indicate the usefulness of HGS measurement in routine clinical practice for improving patient assessments, cancer prognosis, and intervention.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
With the increased prevalence of obesity and sarcopenia, those patients with both visceral obesity and sarcopenia were at higher risk of adverse outcomes.
Aim
The aim of this study was to ...ascertain the combined impact of visceral obesity and sarcopenia on short-term outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.
Methods
We conducted a prospective study from July 2014 to February 2017. Patients’ demographic, clinical characteristics, physical performance, and postoperative short-term outcomes were collected. Patients were classified into four groups according to the presence of sarcopenia or visceral obesity. Clinical variables were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses evaluating the risk factors for postoperative complications were performed.
Results
A total of 376 patients were included; 50.8 and 24.5% of the patients were identified as having “visceral obesity” and “sarcopenia,” respectively. Patients with sarcopenia and visceral obesity had the highest incidence of total, surgical, and medical complications. Patients with sarcopenia or/and visceral obesity all had longer hospital stays and higher hospitalization costs. Age ≥ 65 years, visceral obesity, and sarcopenia were independent risk factors for total complications. Rectal cancer and visceral obesity were independent risk factors for surgical complications. Age ≥ 65 years and sarcopenia were independent risk factors for medical complications. Laparoscopy-assisted operation was a protective factor for total and medical complications.
Conclusion
Patients with both visceral obesity and sarcopenia had a higher complication rate after colorectal cancer surgery. Age ≥ 65 years, visceral obesity, and sarcopenia were independent risk factors for total complications. Laparoscopy-assisted operation was a protective factor.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Increasing evidence has suggested that sarcopenia is linked with cancer prognosis, but only limited data have focused on the impact of myosteatosis on cancer outcomes. This study evaluates the ...influence of myosteatosis on postoperative complications and survival in those patients who underwent radical resection of gastric carcinoma.
Patients who underwent elective radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer and had computed tomographic images available were identified from a prospectively collected database between 2008 and 2013. Myosteatosis was diagnosed by the cutoff values obtained from the method of optimum stratification. To obtain 2 well-balanced cohorts for available variables influencing clinical outcomes, the myosteatosis group was matched 1:1 with nonmyosteatosis group by using a propensity score match.
Of 973 patients, 584 were matched for analyses. Compared with the nonmyosteatosis group, the myosteatosis group manifested significantly higher severe postoperative complications rates, shorter overall survival, and disease-free survival. Before matching, multivariate analyses identified that myosteatosis was an independent risk factor for severe postoperative complications, and Cox proportions hazards model showed that myosteatosis was an independent predictor for shorter overall survival and disease-free survival. In addition, subgroup analyses of each muscle phenotype showed that patients with both sarcopenia and myosteatosis had a poorer overall survival and disease-free survival than other patients.
Myosteatosis in gastric cancer is associated with poor prognosis. Classifying the skeletal muscle into subranges of radio density is a promising strategy to understand the impact of skeletal muscle on unfavorable surgical outcomes in gastric cancer patients.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Cavities are important in clinical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in the regulation of inflammation, ...the relation between plasma miRNA and pulmonary tuberculosis with cavity remains unknown. In this study, plasma samples were derived from 89 cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis (CP-TB) patients, 89 non-cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis (NCP-TB) patients and 95 healthy controls. Groups were matched for age and gender. In the screening phase, Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze miRNA profiles in plasma samples pooled from CP-TB patients, NCP-TB patients and healthy controls. During the training and verification phases, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to verify the differential expression of selected miRNAs among groups. Illumina high-throughput sequencing identified 29 differentially expressed plasma miRNAs in TB patients when compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis validated miR-769-5p, miR-320a and miR-22-3p as miRNAs that were differently present between TB patients and healthy controls. ROC curve analysis revealed that the potential of these 3 miRNAs to distinguish TB patients from healthy controls was high, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) ranged from 0.692 to 0.970. Moreover, miR-320a levels were decreased in drug-resistant TB patients than pan-susceptible TB patients (AUC = 0.882). In conclusion, we identified miR-769-5p, miR-320a and miR-22-3p as potential blood-based biomarkers for TB. In addition, miR-320a may represent a biomarker for drug-resistant TB.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in a variety of cancers. However, lncRNAs involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression remain largely ...unclear. In this study, we identified an lncRNA gradually increased during hepatocarcinogenesis (lncRNA-GIHCG) using publicly available microarray data. Our results further revealed that GIHCG is upregulated in HCC tissues in comparison with adjacent non-tumor tissues. High GIHCG expression is correlated with large tumor size, microvascular invasion, advanced BCLC stage, and poor survival of HCC patients. Functional experiments showed that GIHCG promotes HCC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and promotes xenografts growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that GIHCG physically associates with EZH2 and the promoter of
miR-200b/a/429
, recruits EZH2 and DNMT1 to the
miR-200b/a/429
promoter regions, upregulates histone H3K27 trimethylation and DNA methylation levels on the
miR-200b/a/429
promoter, and dramatically silences miR-200b/a/429 expression. Furthermore, the biological functions of GIHCG on HCC are dependent on the silencing of miR-200b/a/429. Collectively, our results demonstrated the roles and functional mechanisms of GIHCG in HCC, and indicated GIHCG may act as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Key Message
lncRNA-GIHCG is upregulated in HCC and associated with poor survival of patients.
GIHCG significantly promotes tumor growth and metastasis of HCC.
GIHCG physically associates with EZH2.
GIHCG upregulates H3K27me3 and DNA methylation levels on the
miR-200b/a/429
promoter.
GIHCG epigenetically silences miR-200b/a/429 expression.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Aims
The root endophyte
Phomopsis liquidambaris
B3 effectively protected peanut against root rot caused by
Fusarium oxysporum
. We investigated (i) the effects of preinoculation (before
F. oxysporum
...inoculation) and postinoculation (post
F. oxysporum
inoculation) with B3 on pathogenic infection and (ii) the potential mechanisms underlying the suppression of root rot by B3 colonization.
Methods
Peanut seedlings preinoculated, postinoculated or noninoculated with B3 and challenged or not challenged with
F. oxysporum
were cultivated in pots with sterilized vermiculite. The root rot severity, plant growth, defense-related enzyme activity and signaling compounds in plant tissues were investigated. Chemical manipulation experiments were performed to verify the signals involved in the suppression of root rot by B3.
Results
B3 preinoculation efficiently suppressed root rot, as evidenced by decreased cell death, pathogenic colonization and disease severity; however, these effects were absent in the B3 posttreated roots. B3 preinoculation locally and systemically enhanced resistance against pathogenic infection, which coincided with increased activities of pathogenesis-related proteins. These increased activities positively correlated with increased salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) levels, in which SA played a dominant role.
Conclusions
Preinoculation with B3 effectively suppressed
F. oxysporum
infection in peanut roots by activating the SA-dependent defense pathway.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A geriatric assessment is needed to identify high-risk elderly patients with gastric cancer. However, the current geriatric assessment has been considered to be either time-consuming or subjective. ...The present study aimed to investigate the predictive effect of sarcopenia on the postoperative complications for elderly patients who underwent radical gastrectomy.
We conducted a prospective study of patients who underwent radical gastrectomy from August 2014 to December 2015. Computed tomography–assessed lumbar skeletal muscle, handgrip strength, and gait speed were measured to define sarcopenia.
Sarcopenia was present in 69 of 240 patients (28.8%) and was associated with lower body mass index, lower serum albumin, lower hemoglobin, and higher nutritional risk screening 2002 scores. Postoperative complications significantly increased in the sarcopenic patients (49.3% versus 24.6%, P < 0.001), compared with nonsarcopenic patients. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that sarcopenia (odds ratio: 2.959, 95% CI: 1.629-5.373, P < 0.001) and the Charlson comorbidity index ≥2 (odds ratio: 3.357, 95% CI: 1.144-9.848, P = 0.027) were independent risk factors for postoperative complications.
Sarcopenia, presented as a new geriatric assessment factor, was a strong and independent risk factor for postoperative complications of elderly patients with gastric cancer.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and enteric parasite co-infection not only aggravates the clinical symptoms of parasites but also accelerates acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ...progression. However, co-infection research on men who have sex with men (MSM), the predominant high-risk population of HIV/AIDS in China, is still limited. In this study, we investigated the epidemiology of enteric parasites, risk factors, and associations with clinical significance in an MSM HIV/AIDS population in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. Methods We recruited 308 MSMs HIV/AIDS patients and 199 HIV-negative individuals in two designated AIDS hospitals in Heilongjiang between April 2016 and July 2017. Fresh stool samples were collected. DNA extraction, molecular identification, and genotyping of Cryptosporidium species, Entamoeba histolytica, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Blastocystis hominis were performed. Fourteen diarrhea-related pathogens were examined to exclude the influence of other bacterial pathogens on diarrhea incidence. Results 31.5% of MSM HIV/AIDS participants were infected with at least one parasite species, a significantly higher proportion than that found in the HIV-negative individuals (2.5%). E. bieneusi presented the highest prevalence, followed by B. hominis, E. histolytica, Cryptosporidium spp., and C. cayetanensis. Warm seasons were the risk factor for parasitic infections in this population odds ratio (OR) = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.47-4.57. In addition, these individuals showed a higher proportion (35.8%) of present diarrhea (PD) compared with men who have sex with women (MSW) with HIV/AIDS (16.7%). The infection proportions of both Cryptosporidium spp. and E. histolytica were significantly higher in the PD. E. bieneusi infection was more prevalent in the historic diarrhea (HD) group. CD4.sup.+ T cell counts in the MSM patients with the above three parasites were significantly lower. New species and genotypes were found, and MSM patients had a wider range of species or genotypes. Conclusions Enteric parasitic infection was prevalent in the MSM HIV/AIDS population, especially in patients with present diarrhea during warm seasons. E. histolytica and B. hominis should also be considered high-risk parasites for opportunistic infections in AIDS patients in addition to Cryptosporidium spp.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Muscle attenuation was inversely associated with body mass index and visceral fat area.•Muscle attenuation predicts survival better than mass in patients with cancer who are overweight.•Visceral fat ...mediates effects on muscle attenuation in survival in patients with cancer.
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Skeletal muscle index (SMI) is insufficient for evaluating muscle in obesity, and muscle attenuation (MA) may be a preferred indicator. This study aimed to investigate whether MA has greater prognostic value than SMI in gastric cancer patients with overweight and obesity.
Clinical parameters of 1312 patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy were prospectively collected between 2013 and 2019. MA and SMI were analyzed by computed tomography scan. Overweight/obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥24 kg/m2. The hazard ratio (HR) for death was calculated using Cox regression analysis.
Among all patients, 405 were identified as overweight and obese, and 907 were identified as normal and underweight. MA was inversely associated with BMI and visceral fat area. Among the 405 patients with overweight and obesity, 212 patients (52%) were diagnosed with low MA. In the overweight/obese group, MA was an independent predictor for overall survival (HR, 1.610; P = 0.021) in multivariate Cox regression analyses, whereas SMI did not remain in the model. In the normal/underweight group, both low MA (HR, 1.283; P = 0.039) and low SMI (HR, 1.369; P = 0.008) were independent factors of overall survival. Additionally, 318 patients were identified as having visceral obesity in the overweight/obese group, and low MA was also an independent prognostic factor for survival in these patients (HR, 1.765; P = 0.013).
MA had a higher prognostic value than SMI in overweight and obese patients with gastric cancer after radical gastrectomy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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