Oxaliplatin resistance undermines its curative effects on cancer and usually leads to local recurrence. The oxidative stress induced DNA damage repair response is an important mechanism for inducing ...oxaliplatin resistance by activating autophagy. ELISA is used to detect target genes expression. TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis was used to investigate the potential mechanisms involved in NORAD interactions based on GO analysis. Transwell assays and apoptosis flow cytometry were used for biological function analysis. CCK-8 was used to calculate IC50 and resistance index (RI) values. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, RIP and ChIP assays, and RNA pull-down were used to detect the interaction. Autophagy flux was evaluated using electron microscope and western blotting. Oxidative stress was enhanced by oxaliplatin; and oxaliplatin resistance gastric cancer cell showed lower oxidative stress. TMT labeling showed that NORAD may regulate autophagy flux. NORAD was highly expressed in oxaliplatin-resistant tissues. In vitro experiments indicate that NORAD knockdown decreases the RI (Resistance Index). Oxaliplatin induces oxidative stress and upregulates the expression of NORAD. SGC-7901 shows enhanced oxidative stress than oxaliplatin-resistant cells (SGC-7901-R). NORAD, activated by H3K27ac and CREBBP, enhanced the autophagy flux in SGC-7901-R to suppress the oxidative stress. NORAD binds to miR-433-3p and thereby stabilize the ATG5- ATG12 complex. Our findings illustrate that NORAD, activated by the oxidative stress, can positively regulate ATG5 and ATG12 and enhance the autophagy flux by sponging miR-433-3p. NORAD may be a potential biomarker for predicting oxaliplatin resistance and mediating oxidative stress, and provides therapeutic targets for reversing oxaliplatin resistance.
Hydrodynamic cavitation is an emerging intensification technology in water treatment or chemical processing, and Venturi-type cavitation reactors exhibit advantages for industrial-scale production. ...The effects of temperature on hydrodynamic cavitating flows are investigated to find the optimum reaction conditions enhancing cavitating treatment intensity. Results show that the cavitation performance, including the cavitation intensity and cavitation unsteady behavior, is influenced by (1) cavitation number σ (the pressure difference affecting the vaporization process), (2) Reynolds number Re (the inertial/viscous ratio affecting the bubble size and liquid–vapor interface area), and (3) thermodynamic parameter Σ (the thermal effect affecting the temperature drop). With increasing temperature, the cavitation length first increases and then decreases, with a cavitation intensity peak at the transition temperature of 58 °C. With the growth of cavitation extent, the cavity-shedding regimes tend to transition from the attached sheet cavity to the periodic cloud cavity, and the vapor volume fluctuating frequency decreases accordingly. A combined suppression parameter (CSP) is provided to predict that, with increasing CSP value, the cavitation intensity can be decreased. Recommendations are given that working under the low-CSP range (55–60 °C) could enhance the intensification of the cavitation process.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
ABSTRACT
Years of attraction research have established several “principles” of attraction with robust evidence. However, a major limitation of previous attraction studies is that they have almost ...exclusively relied on well‐controlled experiments, which are often criticized for lacking ecological validity. The current research was designed to examine initial attraction in a real‐life setting—speed‐dating. Social Relations Model analyses demonstrated that initial attraction was a function of the actor, the partner, and the unique dyadic relationship between these two. Meta‐analyses showed intriguing sex differences and similarities. Self characteristics better predicted women's attraction than they did for men, whereas partner characteristics predicted men's attraction far better than they did for women. The strongest predictor of attraction for both sexes was partners' physical attractiveness. Finally, there was some support for the reciprocity principle but no evidence for the similarity principle.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
Recent studies have indicated that the incidence of esophageal cancer has declined in the past decade in the U.S. However, trends in the incidence and survival have not been thoroughly ...examined.
Methods
Data from 46 063 patients with esophageal cancer between 1973 and 2015 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The trends in the age‐adjusted incidence and survival were analyzed using joinpoint regression models.
Results
The age‐adjusted incidence of esophageal cancer increased from 5.55 to 7.44 per 100 000 person‐years between 1973 and 2004. Later, it decreased at an annual percentage change of 1.23%. In the last 40 years, the strong male predominance increased slightly. Importantly, the percentage of patients with localized stage of squamous cell cancer decreased. It was observed that the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma declined since 1986, while the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma sharply increased since 1973 and surpassed the rate of squamous cell cancer, mainly due to the increase in the incidence among men. Consistently, the estimated 40‐year limited‐duration prevalence of esophageal adenocarcinoma was higher than that of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Additionally, we observed a modest but significant improvement in survival during the study period.
Conclusion
The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has decreased significantly over the past four decades in the U.S., while the incidence of adenocarcinoma has increased, particularly among men. Overall, the long‐term survival of patients with esophageal cancer is poor but it has improved over the past decades, especially for the localized disease.
Key points
Significant findings of the study
The incidence of esophageal cancer has decreased at an annual percentage change of 1.23% since 2004. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has sharply increased since 1973 and surpassed the rate of squamous cell cancer, mainly due to the increase in the incidence among men.
What this study adds
There has been a shift in the prevalence of esophageal cancer histological subtypes over the past decades in the U.S. We found that the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has continued to decrease, while the esophageal adenocarcinoma rate has continued to increase.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A central problem in the application of exploratory factor analysis is deciding how many factors to retain (m). Although this is inherently a model selection problem, a model selection perspective is ...rarely adopted for this task. We suggest that Cudeck and Henly's (1991) framework can be applied to guide the selection process. Researchers must first identify the analytic goal: identifying the (approximately) correct m or identifying the most replicable m. Second, researchers must choose fit indices that are most congruent with their goal. Consistent with theory, a simulation study showed that different fit indices are best suited to different goals. Moreover, model selection with one goal in mind (e.g., identifying the approximately correct m) will not necessarily lead to the same number of factors as model selection with the other goal in mind (e.g., identifying the most replicable m). We recommend that researchers more thoroughly consider what they mean by "the right number of factors" before they choose fit indices.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
nearest neighbours (kNN) queries are fundamental in many applications, ranging from data mining, recommendation system and Internet of Things, to Industry 4.0 framework applications. In mining, ...specifically, it can be used for the classification of human activities, iterative closest point registration and pattern recognition and has also been helpful for intrusion detection systems and fault detection. Due to the importance of kNN queries, many algorithms have been proposed in the literature, for both static and dynamic data. In this paper, we focus on exact kNN queries and present a comprehensive survey of exact kNN queries. In particular, we study two fundamental types of exact kNN queries: the kNN Search queries and the kNN Join queries. Our survey focuses on exact approaches over high-dimensional data space, which covers 20 kNN Search methods and 9 kNN Join methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work of a comprehensive survey of exact kNN queries over high-dimensional datasets. We specifically categorise the algorithms based on indexing strategies, data and space partitioning strategies, clustering techniques and the computing paradigm. We provide useful insights for the evolution of approaches based on the various categorisation factors, as well as the possibility of further expansion. Lastly, we discuss some open challenges and future research directions.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Various diseases increasingly challenge the health status and life quality of human beings. Volatolome emitted from patients has been considered as a potential family of markers, volatolomics, for ...diagnosis/screening. There are two fundamental issues of volatolomics in healthcare. On one hand, the solid relationship between the volatolome and specific diseases needs to be clarified and verified. On the other hand, effective methods should be explored for the precise detection of volatolome. Several comprehensive review articles had been published in this field. However, a timely and systematical summary and elaboration is still desired. In this review article, the research methodology of volatolomics in healthcare is critically considered and given out, at first. Then, the sets of volatolome according to specific diseases through different body sources and the analytical instruments for their identifications are systematically summarized. Thirdly, the advanced electronic nose and photonic nose technologies for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection are well introduced. The existed obstacles and future perspectives are deeply thought and discussed. This article could give a good guidance to researchers in this interdisciplinary field, not only understanding the cutting-edge detection technologies for doctors (medicinal background), but also making reference to clarify the choice of aimed VOCs during the sensor research for chemists, materials scientists, electronics engineers, etc.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is the clinical manifestation of cerebral ischemic stroke, which severely affects the health and life of the patients. We aimed to investigate the ...regulatory mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) on CI/RI in this study.
The expression of lncRNA MALAT1 and miR-375 was detected by qRT-PCR. MTT was utilized to measure the viability of PC-12 cells. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by LDH assay, SOD assay, and ROS assay, respectively. The apoptosis rate of PC-12 cells was measured by flow cytometry analysis. Through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of NF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were determined. The interactions between miR-375 and MALAT1/PDE4D were predicted by Starbase/Targetscan software and verified by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Western blot assay was performed to determine the protein expression of Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PDE4D.
LncRNA MALAT1 expression was highly upregulated in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion (R) model of rats. Both MALAT1 downregulation and miR-375 upregulation reversed the inhibitory effect of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)/R on cell viability and the promoting effects on LDH level, cell apoptosis, and inflammatory factors levels. MALAT1 targeted miR-375, whereas miR-375 targeted PDE4D. Overexpression of miR-375 attenuated OGD/R-induced injury in PC-12 cells by targeting PDE4D. Both the low expression of miR-375 and high expression of PDE4D reversed the promoting effect of MALAT1 knockdown on SOD level and the inhibitory effects on ROS level, inflammatory factor levels, and cell apoptosis.
Suppression of MALAT1 alleviates CI/RI of rats through regulating the miR-375/PDE4D axis. This study provides a possible therapeutic strategy for human CI/RI in clinic.
Misalignment is an important cause for the early failure of large doubly-fed wind turbines (DFWT). For the non-stationary characteristics of the signals in the transmission system of DFWT and the ...reality that it is difficult to obtain a large number of fault samples, Solidworks and Adams are used to simulate the different operating conditions of the transmission system of the DFWT to obtain the corresponding characteristic signals. Improved empirical mode decomposition (IEMD), which improves the end effects of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is used to decompose the signals to get intrinsic mode function (IMF), and the IEMD energy entropy reflecting the working state are extracted as the inputs of the support vector machine (SVM). Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to optimize the parameters of SVM to improve the classification performance. The results show that the proposed method can effectively and accurately identify the types of misalignment of the DFWT.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction:
The mechanistic basis for the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains poorly understood. The goal of the present study was thus to characterize mRNA and long ...noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles associated with ESCC in order to identify key hub genes associated with the pathogenesis of this cancer.
Materials and Methods:
The GSE26866 and GSE45670 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to conduct a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), after which Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted. Cytoscape was additionally used to construct lncRNA-mRNA networks, after which hub genes were identified and validated through the assessment of TCGA datasets and clinical samples.
Results:
Two gene modules were found to be closely linked to ESCC tumorigenesis. These genes were enriched in cell cycle, MAPK signaling, JAK-STAT signaling, pyrimidine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and P53 signaling pathway activity, all of which are directly linked with the development of cancer. In total, we identified and validated 9 hub genes associated with ESCC (DDX18, DNMT1, NCAPG, WDHD1, PRR11, VOPP1, ZKSCAN5, LC35C2, and PHACTR2).
Conclusion:
In summary, we identified key gene modules and hub genes associated with ESCC development, and we constructed a lncRNA-mRNA network pertaining to this cancer type. These results provide a foundation for future research regarding the mechanistic basis of ESCC.
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