The purpose of this paper is to present a mathematical framework for analyzing the response of quantum linear systems driven by multi-photon states. Both the factorizable (namely, no correlation ...among the photons in the channel) and unfactorizable multi-photon states are treated. Pulse information of a multi-photon input state is represented in terms of tensor, and the response of quantum linear systems to multi-photon input states is characterized by tensor operations. Analytic forms of output correlation functions and output states are derived. The proposed framework is applicable no matter whether the underlying quantum dynamic system is passive or active. Examples from the physics literature are used to illustrate the results presented.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
As high-precision measuring instruments have developed, interferometers have been widely applied in the measurement of lengths and of the shape of surfaces, with nanometer precision. The emergence of ...the laser is one of the revolutions that has led to a well-defined traceability route to the definition of the meter via interferometry. Another change is the ever-increasing adoption of detector arrays substituting for conventional methods of recording and analyzing interferograms. New applications have also arisen from the adoption of microscopes, optical fibers, chip-level components and diffractive optical elements, developing enhanced analogues of conventional interferometers, which have the advantages of high integration, low noise levels, and complete sets of measuring instruments with a high level of automation. Since the requirements for measurement parameters and the environment are becoming more complex, we expect that the related instruments will play a progressively significant role in the progress of advanced manufacturing processes and quality control. Multi-sensor integrated flexible measurement methods have been proposed to perform measurements with holistic, more accurate and reliable information. However, most of the proposed methods are not intelligent and are highly integrated, providing only specific solutions for given measuring tasks. In this paper, the principles, progress, prospects and development trends of interferometry are reviewed.
Consistent Depth Maps Recovery from a Video Sequence GUOFENG ZHANG; JIAYA JIA; WONG, Tien-Tsin ...
IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence,
06/2009, Volume:
31, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This paper presents a novel method for recovering consistent depth maps from a video sequence. We propose a bundle optimization framework to address the major difficulties in stereo reconstruction, ...such as dealing with image noise, occlusions, and outliers. Different from the typical multi-view stereo methods, our approach not only imposes the photo-consistency constraint, but also explicitly associates the geometric coherence with multiple frames in a statistical way. It thus can naturally maintain the temporal coherence of the recovered dense depth maps without over-smoothing. To make the inference tractable, we introduce an iterative optimization scheme by first initializing the disparity maps using a segmentation prior and then refining the disparities by means of bundle optimization. Instead of defining the visibility parameters, our method implicitly models the reconstruction noise as well as the probabilistic visibility. After bundle optimization, we introduce an efficient space-time fusion algorithm to further reduce the reconstruction noise. Our automatic depth recovery is evaluated using a variety of challenging video examples.
In this survey, we present single-photon states of electromagnetic fields, discuss discrete measurements of a single-photon field, show how a linear quantum system responds to a single-photon input, ...investigate how a coherent feedback network can be used to manipulate the temporal pulse shape of a single-photon state, present single-photon filter and master equations, and finally discuss the generation of Schrödinger cat states by means of photon addition and subtraction.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Dearomatization reactions represent a versatile approach for the preparation of three‐dimensionally (3D) privileged cyclic moieties from simple planar aromatic compounds. However, exogeneous oxidants ...are required for most of the radical and oxidative dearomatizations. Therefore, sustainable procedures are in high demand, especially those in the absence of external oxidizing reagents. Fortunately, electrolytic dearomatization protocols can fulfill the above requirements due to the manipulation of traceless electrons instead of chemicals during the processes. Nevertheless, sustainable electrochemical dearomative transformations have been far less frequently investigated than the well‐developed chemical dearomatization reactions. Herein, we summarize representative breakthroughs in the electrochemical dearomative transformation of indoles, furans and activated arenes (phenols and anisoles) for the synthesis of complicated skeletons. Hopefully, this interesting “simplicity‐to‐complexity” synthetic logic will inspire more innovations from the electroorganic community.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A hole-rich graphene framework (HGF) has been successfully prepared through lyophilization combined with thermal treatment at 200 °C. As the advanced three-dimensional (3D) graphene mesh assembly, ...the monolithic HGF was directly compacted to form capacitive deionization (CDI) electrode without grinding and binder so that the intact 3D structure can be reserved. The presence of original 3D structure combined with hierarchical hole structure in HGF plays important role in improving the CDI performance. The desalination capacities of HGF can reach up to 8.0 mg g−1, 16.9 mg g−1, and 29.6 mg g−1 in NaCl aqueous of 80 mg L−1, 270 mg L−1, and 572 mg L−1 respectively, which significantly exceeds other carbon-based materials at 2.0 V.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced apoptosis is a widely practiced strategy for cancer therapy. Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) takes advantage of the spatial–temporal control of ROS ...generation, the meticulous participation of light, photosensitizer, and oxygen greatly hinders the broad application of PDT as a first‐line cancer treatment option. An activatable system has been developed that enables tumor‐specific singlet oxygen (1O2) generation for cancer therapy, based on a Fenton‐like reaction between linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LAHP) tethered on iron oxide nanoparticles (IO NPs) and the released iron(II) ions from IO NPs under acidic‐pH condition. The IO‐LAHP NPs are able to induce efficient apoptotic cancer cell death both in vitro and in vivo through tumor‐specific 1O2 generation and subsequent ROS mediated mechanism. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of modulating biochemical reactions as a ROS source to exert cancer death.
Singlet oxygen generation through an activatable biochemical reaction between lipid hydroperoxide and catalytic iron(II) ions from iron oxide nanoparticles was engineered as a novel cancer therapy strategy, which showed promise to exert apoptotic cancer cell death both in vitro and in vivo.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The problem of admissibility analysis and control synthesis for Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy descriptor systems is investigated. First, based on Nonquadratic fuzzy Lyapunov function and fully using the ...information of fuzzy membership functions, a new relaxed sufficient condition ensuring a fuzzy descriptor system to be admissible (regular, impulse-free, and stable) is proposed, in which it is not necessary to require every fuzzy subsystem to be stable. Second, the other sufficient condition for the admissibility is obtained without the information of time derivatives of fuzzy membership functions. Following the analysis, both parallel and nonparallel distributed compensation controllers are designed, linear matrix inequalities conditions are given to construct the controllers. Finally, some examples are provided to illustrate the main results in this paper less conservative than some earlier related results.
Coulomb explosion, characterized by Coulomb repulsion between particles with the same charge on the surface of a material, has been used to realize exquisite nano-manipulation, however, researchers ...usually found only one aspect of the application of Coulomb explosion when they utilized it. Herein, we successfully design a "metal@insulator" based Coulomb explosion process by irradiating oxidized topological crystalline insulator SnTe under an electron beam. The occurrence of Coulomb explosion mainly due to the oxide-encapsulated SnTe retained the metallic surface state, which not only can be positively charged but also can realize charge accumulation through the shielding effect of the insulating oxide layer. By changing experimental conditions and carefully studying various experimental phenomena, we conclude six aspects of the application, namely, speculating the metallic surface state of the oxide-encapsulated SnTe, controllable fabricating nanoplates, observing the PVD (physical vapor deposition) process under low temperature, rapid coating film, unraveling the oriented attachment and self-recrystallization of larger nanocrystals and fabricating hollow structure. Our findings are important for utilizing Coulomb explosion as well as other EBI techniques to conduct nano-manipulation.
Multifaceted application of designed coulomb explosion process occurred on the SnTe@oxide experimental model.
Much research has been conducted on the influence of rock burst mechanisms and temperature on the mechanical properties of hard rock while research on the effect of temperature on rock bursts is ...scarce. Therefore, this paper focuses on Rock Burst Proneness Index tests and acoustic emission (AE) tests under the action of high temperature. It was found that the Rock Burst Proneness Index and the AE energy will rise as the temperature rises. It means that the degree of rock burst is increasing instead of decreasing with rising temperature. The research results revealed the temperature effect of rock burst in long deep tunnels under a certain thermal stress condition, which is helpful for explaining the rock burst disaster in tunnels at high ground temperature.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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