Eco-compensation is a type of institutional arrangement that plays a key role in maintaining ecosystem service functions. Thus, to solve the issues regarding ecological environmental protection in ...the Xin’an River basin (XARB), the eco-compensation project of the XARB has been implemented since 2012. However, as direct participants in the eco-compensation project, local residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for eco-compensation directly affects ecological safety and sustainable development in the XARB. Therefore, this study primarily explores residents’ WTP and its influencing factors, thereby measuring the ecosystem service function value in the XARB. A total of 2217 randomly selected local residents participated in a face-to-face questionnaire-based survey. Based on field research data, this study employed the contingent valuation method and Tobit model to analyze residents’ WTP and the factors affecting it in the XARB. The results suggest that 84.21% of residents intended to pay. Residents’ WTP in the whole XARB, Huangshan city, Xuancheng city, and Hangzhou city were 20.04, 20.60, 13.14, and 22.48 USD per year, respectively, showing significant spatial heterogeneity. The ecosystem service function value in the XARB was 52.72 million USD. Crucial factors influencing WTP were government employees, individual households, and government staff as family members. Thus, it is necessary to create a diversified river basin eco-compensation mechanism to formulate an eco-compensation standard for different areas.
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•Most residents intend to pay and diversified payment methods.•There is significant spatial heterogeneity in residents’ WTP in different regions.•Residents’ WTP in the Xin’an River Basin is 20.04 USD per year.•The ecosystem service function value in the XARB is 52.72 million USD.•Government employees are the biggest influencing factor for residents’ WTP.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the repair of alveolar bone defect, the microstructure of bone graft scaffolds is pivotal for their biological and biomechanical properties. However, it is currently controversial whether gradient ...structures perform better in biology and biomechanics than homogeneous structures when considering microstructural design. In this research, bioactive ceramic scaffolds with different porous gradient structures were designed and fabricated by 3D printing technology. Compression test, finite element analysis (FEA) revealed statistically significant differences in the biomechanical properties of three types of scaffolds. The mechanical properties of scaffolds approached the natural cancellous bone, and scaffolds with pore size decreased from the center to the perimeter (GII) had superior mechanical properties among the three groups. While in the simulation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), scaffolds with pore size increased from the center to the perimeter (GI) possessed the best permeability and largest flow velocity. Scaffolds were cultured
with rBMSC or implanted
for 4 or 8 weeks. Porous ceramics showed excellent biocompatibility. Results of
were analysed by using micro-CT, concentric rings and VG staining. The GI was superior to the other groups with respect to osteogenicity. The Un (uniformed pore size) was slightly inferior to the GII. The concentric rings analysis demonstrated that the new bone in the GI was distributed in the periphery of defect area, whereas the GII was distributed in the center region. This study offers basic strategies and concepts for future design and development of scaffolds for the clinical restoration of alveolar bone defect.
The objective of this study was to investigate the predictability of an electronic nose for fruit quality indices. Responses signal of sensor array in electronic nose were employed to establish ...quality indices model for “xueqing” pear. The relationships were established between signal of electronic nose and the quality indices of fruit (firmness, soluble solids content (SSC) and pH) by multiple linear regressions (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN). The prediction models for firmness and soluble solids content indicated a good prediction performance. The SSC model by ANN had a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.41 and correlation coefficient 0.93 between predicted and measured values, the model by ANN for the penetrating force (CF) had a 3.12 SEP and 0.94 coefficient, respectively. The results imply that it is possible to predict “xueqing” pear quality characteristics from signal of E-nose.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 47 young NSCLC patients mutation style of EGFR and PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, to understand their clinicopathological and molecular ...characteristics. Methods We enrolled 47 young (≤40 years old) patients confirmed as NSCLC who underwent surgical resection, and 94 old patients (≥60 years old) were matched as 1:2 by R language. EGFR mutation status was detected by ARMS-PCR, and the expression of PD-L1 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The median age of 47 young patients with NSCLC was 37 years old. The disease was more common in women and the majority type was adenocarcinoma. In youth group, the 19del and 20ins were more frequent, but the exon 21 L858R point mutation proportion was higher in elder group. The expression of PD-L1 was significantly increased in the solid predominant histological subtype. The PD-L1 expression in 19del patients was higher than that in the patients with L858R mutation in youth group. Conclusion The majority of
...DNA-M for two consecutive pregnancies were compared in eight mothers using linear mixed models to detect changes (p<=0.05) in cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in Th1 (155 CpGs, 19 genes), ...Th2 (77 CpGs, 12 genes), Th17 (106 CpGs, 15 genes) and Treg (10 CpGs, 2 genes).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Overwhelming evidence from leukemia research has shown that the clonal population of neoplastic cells exhibits marked heterogeneity with respect to proliferation and differentiation. There are rare ...stem cells within the leukemic population that possess extensive proliferation and self-renewal capacity not found in the majority of the leukemic cells. These leukemic stem cells are necessary and sufficient to maintain the leukemia. While the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) origin of CML was first suggested over 30 years ago, recently CML-initiating cells beyond HSCs are also being investigated. We have previously isolated fetal liver kinase-1-positive (Flk1(+)) cells carrying the BCR/ABL fusion gene from the bone marrow of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph(+)) patients with hemangioblast property. Here, we showed that CML patient-derived Flk1(+)CD31(-)CD34(-) MSCs had normal morphology, phenotype and karyotype but appeared impaired in immuno-modulatory function. The capacity of patient Flk1(+)CD31(-)CD34(-) MSCs to inhibit T lymphocyte activation and proliferation was impaired in vitro. CML patient-derived MSCs have impaired immuno-modulatory functions, suggesting that the dysregulation of hematopoiesis and immune response may originate from MSCs rather than HSCs. MSCs might be a potential target for developing efficacious cures for CML.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In clinical medicine, the elasticity of artery reflects diastolic function, and it is one of the important indicators of diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. Ultrasonic echo tracking is a kind of new ...technology risen in recent years to detect arterial elasticity. Arterial elasticity coefficients are got by processing the ultrasound echo signal transmitted in different organs and tissue of human. In ultrasonic echo tracking, accurately estimate the time shift between two signals or phase shift is the key problem of elasticity estimation. Although the correlated technique can be used to realize, yet its calculation problem is the bottleneck of the implementation. In this paper, an improved Newton iterative algorithm was applied to estimate time shift of ultrasonic echo signal, so the precise time displacement estimation was achieved, and the problem of aliasing was overcome at the same time. In addition, because the ultrasonic echo data is large, and large part of it is unnecessary, so an adaptive testing blood vessel position tracking gate setting technology is proposed to improve the efficiency of data processing, and it reduced the computational complexity to a certain extent and improve the efficiency of data processing.
Fish and mollusk samples were collected from markets located in 12 cities in Liaoning province, China, during August and September 2007, and 22 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were detected. DDT, ...HCH, endosulfan, chlordane, and HCB were the dominating OCPs, with mean concentrations and ranges of, respectively, 15.41 and 0.57 to 177.56 ng/g, 0.84 and below detection limit (BDL) to 22.99 ng/g, 1.31 and BDL to 13.1 ng/g, 1.05 and BDL to 15.68 ng/g, and 0.63 and BDL to 9.21 ng/g in all fish and mollusk samples. The concentrations of other OCPs generally were low and were detectable in a minority of samples, reflecting the low levels of these OCPs in the study region. In general, OCP concentrations were obviously higher in fish than in mollusks, and higher in freshwater fish than in marine fish, which indicated, first, that freshwater fish are more easily influenced than seawater fish and mollusks by OCP residues in agricultural areas and, second, that there are different biota accumulation factors for OCPs between fish and mollusk. To learn the consumption of fish and mollusk, 256 questionnaires were sent to families in 12 cities of Liaoning province. Using the contamination data, average estimated daily intakes of OCPs via fish and mollusk consumption were calculated, which were used for exposure assessment. The public health risks caused by exposure to OCPs in the course of fish and mollusk consumption were compared to noncancer benchmarks and cancer benchmarks.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This paper presents an adaptive hexahedral mesh generation algorithm for three-dimensional models. It is based on the conventional grid-based method and geometry-adaptive technique to generate ...uniformly sized or locally refined hexahedral meshes. The first step is to construct the refinement information fields of the source points and the corresponding elements according to the surface curvature of the solid model. A thickness refinement criterion is then used to construct the thickness-based refinement information field of elements from digital topology. Secondly, the element refinement fields are integrated and modified according to the conformal refinement templates proposed in this paper, and used as a metric to generate an initial grid structure enveloping the solid model completely. In order to ensure the conformity of the generated mesh, a set of new refinement templates are proposed, and the corresponding modes for converting arbitrary refinement fields to the templates is established. Especially two kinds of new transition templates, which avoid the propagation of the refinement field, are added. Hexahedral element meshes capturing all the geometry characters of the solid models are generated. The effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm are tested through the applications in several complex three-dimensional models.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in developed countries. Despite decades of intensive efforts to comate this malignant disease, the prognosis of lung cancer remains ...unfavorable and is especially poor in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, whether and how the m6A demethylase FTO functions in lung cancer cells remain unknown. Here in the present study, we show that FTO plays an oncogenic role in human NSCLC. FTO mRNA and protein levels were overexpressed in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines, which was associated with the reduced m6A content. We next knocked down FTO expression in human lung cancer cell lines with lentivirus-mediated shRNAs and the cellular proliferation assay demonstrated that FTO loss-of-function reduced the proliferation rate of cancer cells. FTO knockdown also inhibited the colony formation ability of lung cancer cells. Importantly, our xenograft experiment showed that FTO knockdown reduced lung cancer cells growth in vivo. Mechanism analysis demonstrated that FTO decreased the m6A level and increased mRNA stability of ubiquitin-specific protease (USP7), which was relied on the demethylase activity of FTO. USP7 mRNA level was overexpressed in human lung cancer tissues and USP7 expression was positively correlated with FTO mRNA level. Genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition (P5091 or P22027) of USP7 reduced the proliferation rate of lung cancer cells and decreased the capacity of colony formation of lung cancer cells in vitro, whereas lung cancer cells growth inhibition by FTO knockdown is restored by overexertion of USP7. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the m6A demethylase FTO promotes the growth of NSCLC cells by increasing the expression of USP7.
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•Expression of FTO is increased in human non-small cell lung cancer.•FTO knockdown represses lung cancer cells growth in vitro and in vivo.•FTO regulates the expression of USP7 in lung cancer cells.•USP7 regulates the growth of lung cancer cells.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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