A dual-servo drive and control integrated platform based on VNet neural network development is aimed to address the concerns of poor realization function, operational stability, and lengthy reaction ...time in the presently built dual-servo drive and control integrated platform. The VNet neural network model structure is established, the VNet neural network model is trained, and the VNet neural network adaptive control method is introduced. Based on VNet neural network development, the hardware design of the dual servo drive control integrated platform has been completed through the overall hardware architecture of the platform, power drive circuit design, and control unit circuit design. The control program was developed using the C language based on a combination of STM32F4 library functions. Through the overall structure of the platform software, the design of functional modules and the design of the servo drive controller, the software design of the dual-servo drive and control integrated platform is completed, and the dual-servo drive and control integrated platform design is realized. The experimental results show that the proposed method design platform’s implementation function and operational stability are good, and the platform response time can be effectively shortened.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Sustainable agriculture is a key component of the effort to meet the increased food demand of a rapidly increasing global population. Nano-biotechnology is a promising tool for sustainable ...agriculture. However, rather than acting as nanocarriers, some nanoparticles (NPs) with unique physiochemical properties inherently enhance plant growth and stress tolerance. This biological role of nanoparticles depends on their physiochemical properties, application method (foliar delivery, hydroponics, soil), and the applied concentration. Here we review the effects of the different types, properties, and concentrations of nanoparticles on plant growth and on various abiotic (salinity, drought, heat, high light, and heavy metals) and biotic (pathogens and herbivores) stresses. The ability of nanoparticles to stimulate plant growth by positive effects on seed germination, root or shoot growth, and biomass or grain yield is also considered. The information presented herein will allow researchers within and outside the nano-biotechnology field to better select the appropriate nanoparticles as starting materials in agricultural applications. Ultimately, a shift from testing/utilizing existing nanoparticles to designing specific nanoparticles based on agriculture needs will facilitate the use of nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Gracias al rápido desarrollo tecnológico de Internet y al gran número de usuarios de teléfonos móviles, en China los nuevos medios están creciendo de manera exponencial en China, lo que conlleva una ...enorme repercusión en las comunicaciones sociales. Ante una crisis social pública tan repentina como COVID-19, los nuevos medios de comunicación han jugado y sigue jugando un papel tan importante que, en cierto modo, resulta irremplazable, por ejemplo, la difusión de conocimientos concernientes, la transmisión de novedades, la orientación de la opinión pública y la estabilización social, etc., aunque tampoco debemos ignorar algunos efectos negativos de los mismos, tales como la propagación de rumores e información distorsionada.
Inadequate consideration of the elderly people crossing demand on the signalized intersections would bring great potential safety hazards, especially the speed through the crosswalk. By observing the ...pedestrian walking speed at three signalized crosswalks and a relatively spacious sidewalk in Chongqing, China, this paper has obtained the walking speed values of 658 elderly people and 1,176 adults at the signalized crosswalks, as well as the walking speed parameters of 868 adults and 422 elderly people on a relatively spacious sidewalk section. Comparing the walking speed of adults walking along the sidewalk section and on signalized crosswalks, the data show that there is no significant difference between these two site speeds. Similarly, when comparing the two site data of the elderly, it is found that their walking speed at the signalized crosswalk is significantly higher than that on the sidewalk section. That is to say, the speed setting for the old people crossing the crosswalk has not been fully considered. Subsequently, taking the elderly’s walking speed as input parameter, establishing the simulation models under different proportions of the elderly and different pedestrian flows, and then gain the walking speed values of the pedestrians with different quantities and different proportion of the elderly pedestrians. With the help of the unknown breakpoint Regression method, under the setting of the elderly pedestrian speed crossing the street, the proportion threshold of the elderly crossing the street at the signalized intersection is obtained. The results show that when the proportion of the elderly is more than 15% of the pedestrians crossing the street, the pedestrian crossing speed value for the signal time is suggested to be 0.97 m/s.
Recently, in online social networks (OSNs), the least cost influence (LCI) problem has become one of the central research topics. It aims at identifying a minimum number of seed users who can trigger ...a wide cascade of information propagation. Most of existing literature investigated the LCI problem only based on an individual network. However, nowadays users often join several OSNs such that information could be spread across different networks simultaneously. Therefore, in order to obtain the best set of seed users, it is crucial to consider the role of overlapping users under this circumstances. In this article, we propose a unified framework to represent and analyze the influence diffusion in multiplex networks. More specifically, we tackle the LCI problem by mapping a set of networks into a single one via lossless and lossy coupling schemes. The lossless coupling scheme preserves all properties of original networks to achieve high-quality solutions, while the lossy coupling scheme offers an attractive alternative when the running time and memory consumption are of primary concern. Various experiments conducted on both real and synthesized datasets have validated the effectiveness of the coupling schemes, which also provide some interesting insights into the process of influence propagation in multiplex networks.
•Ultrasound induced fissures and pores on rice granule surface.•Amorphous region of starch was destroyed by ultrasound rather than crystalline region.•Ultrasound treatments improved the uniformity of ...starch particle size.•Ultrasound-treated starch showed a similar pasting profiles to the native starch.
To further investigate how controlled ultrasound treatments affect the morphology, physical property and fine structure of rice starch granules, the starch suspended in water was treated with different ultrasonic power levels (150, 300, 450 and 600 W) at 25 °C for 20 min. XRD, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy were performed to characterise the long-range and short-range ordered structure of starch granules. Results indicated that ultrasound slightly destroyed the amorphous region of starch granules, while the A-type crystalline pattern remained unchanged. The result of chain length distributions showed that the fine structure of rice starch was not significantly changed by ultrasound treatment. SEM and particle size distribution demonstrated that ultrasound induced fissures and pores on the granule surface and elevated the homogeneity of granules, with minimum effect on the granule size. In addition, the thermal and pasting properties of rice starch were also measured by DSC and RVA. Results showed that after ultrasound treatments, the peak and breakdown viscosity increased, while the peak time, pasting temperature and gelatinisation enthalpy decreased. Overall, controlled ultrasound treatments dominantly modified the morphology and physical property of rice starch rather than the fine structure, providing additional information for the application of ultrasound on starch modification.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Starch is the main carbohydrate in human nutrition and shows a range of desired food properties. It has been demonstrated that fast digestion of starchy food can induce many health issues (e.g., ...hyperglycaemia, diabetes, etc.); therefore, how to modulate its digestion is an interesting topic. Previous studies have revealed that the microstructure and digestibility of starchy food of different botanical origin or from multiple processes are quite different; modulating starch digestion by retaining or altering its microstructure may be effective. In the present review, the current knowledge of the relationship between microstructural changes to starchy food and its digestibility at molecular, cell and tissue, and food processing levels is summarized. New technologies focused on microstructure studies and ways to manipulate food microstructure to modulate starch digestibility are also reviewed. In particular, some insights focusing on the future study of microstructure and the digestibility of starchy food are also suggested.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
The time-varying meshing stiffness is an important parameter of the planetary gear failure mechanism. In considering the relationship between the base circle and the dedendum circle under the ...condition of the number of teeth for parameters,an improved model of cantilever beam is established. For each pair of planetary gear meshing time-varying meshing stiffness are discussed,considering the wheel body stiffness,energy method is applied to solve more accurate tooth meshing stiffness. On the basis of this method,the timevarying meshing stiffness of sun wheel,planetary wheel and internal ring gear when crack exists in each pair in meshing is calculated and the effects of crack depth and angle on time-varying meshing stiffness are explored.The research provides theoretical help for the mastery of planetary gear fault mechanism.
Size-fractioned aerosol samples were collected by an eight-stage Anderson sampler for four seasons from November 2014 to August 2015 at a coastal and suburban site in Ningbo, China, with a total of ...270 samples were obtained. The seasonal variations and size distributions of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs), carbonaceous aerosols (OC and EC), which consist of four organic carbon (OC1-OC4), pyrolyzed carbon (OP) and three elemental carbon fraction (EC1-EC3), were investigated. For the sampling periods, the average total concentration of WSIIs, OC and EC in PM1.1, PM1.1–2.1 and PM2.1–9.0 were 21.3 ± 7 μg/m3, 6.7 ± 2.7 μg/m3 and 12.8 ± 1.9 μg/m3, constituting 75.5%, 62.7% and 43.2% of the different size particle mass, respectively. The predominant chemical species were SO42−, NO3−, and OC. WSIIs, OC and EC all exhibited significant difference between PM2.1 and PM2.1–9.0, reflecting their different sources. Ion balance calculations showed that the acidity of aerosols increased with a decrease in size, with the maximum of 1.07 in 1.1–2.1 μm and the minimum of 0.47 in 2.1–9 μm. It showed that size distributions of high-temperature carbon fraction such as OC4, OP and EC1 were almost unimodal during all seasons as well as SO42− and NH4+, in contrast, that of lower temperature carbon fraction (OC1-OC3), Mg2+, and Ca2+ appear like bimodal. Furthermore, the high consistency between the size distribution of OC4, OP and SO42−, NH4+ in all seasons suggests that the similar or related generation process for the secondary organic and inorganic/ionic species, which contribute the most significant component of the particulate matter. Besides the secondary aerosols, primary carbonaceous aerosols (PC), which may originate in emissions from mixed combustion or natural source, also contributed a significant fraction of haze pollution, especially in autumn, spring and summer.
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•Size-segregated aerosols were collected throughout four seasons.•Size distributions of eight carbon fractions were studied for the first time.•OC4 and OP were closely associated with secondary aerosols.•Higher temperature carbon fractions trend to focus on fine mode.•Primary carbonaceous aerosols also contribute to air pollution.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In day-old Hungarian white goose goslings, there is a noticeable difference in dorsal down coloration between males and females, with females having darker dorsal plumage and males having lighter ...plumage. The ability to autosex day-old goslings based on their dorsal down coloration is important for managing them efficiently and planning their nutrition in the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to determine the biological and genetic factors underlying this difference in dorsal down colorationthrough histological analysis, biochemical assays, transcriptomic profiling, and q‒PCR analysis.
Tissue analysis and biochemical assays revealed that compared with males, 17-day-old embryos and day-old goslings of female geese exhibited a greater density of melanin-containing feather follicles and a greater melanin concentration in these follicles during development. Both female and male goslings had lower melanin concentrations in their dorsal skin compared to 17-day-old embryos. Transcriptome analysis identified a set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (MC1R, TYR, TYRP1, DCT and MITF) associated with melanogenesis pathways that were downregulated or silenced specifically in the dorsal skin of day-old goslings compared to 17-day-old embryos, affecting melanin synthesis in feather follicles. Additionally, two key genes (MC1R and MITF) associated with feather coloration showed differences between males and females, with females having higher expression levels correlated with increased melanin synthesis and darker plumage.
The expression of multiple melanogenesis genes determines melanin synthesis in goose feather follicles. The dorsal down coloration of day-old Hungarian white goose goslings shows sexual dimorphism, likely due to differences in the expression of the MC1R and MITF genes between males and females. These results could help us better understand why male and female goslings exhibit different plumage patterns.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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