•Omentin-1 serves as a novel biomarker for predicting the functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke, and low circulating omentin-1 level indicates high risk of ischemic stroke.•Elevated omentin-1 ...level could attenuate atherosclerosis and exert a favorable impact on cerebral ischemia.•Omentin-1 has benefical effects on vascular inflammation and dysfunction through various signaling pathways.•Metformin and statins together with omentin-1 have great potential to be developed into novel drug therapy against ischemic stroke.
Omentin-1, a newly identified adipokine, has recently been revealed as a novel biomarker for ischemic stroke (IS). Low circulating omentin-1 levels could indicate a high risk of IS, and elevated omentin-1 levels exert a favorable impact on cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, omentin-1 has anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular protective capabilities through the intracellular Akt/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and certain protein kinase (ERK, JNK, and p38) signaling pathways. Omentin-1 also alleviates endothelial cell dysfunction, improves revascularization via the Akt-endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) regulatory axis, promotes endothelium-dependent vasodilation through endothelium-derived NO in an eNOS fashion, and inhibits VSMC proliferation by means of AMPK/ERK signaling pathways, VSMC migration via inactivation of the NADPH oxidase (NOX)/ROS/p38/HSP27 pathways and artery calcification via the PI3K-Akt pathway. These findings indicate that omentin-1 may be a negative mediator of IS. Pharmacologically, several lines of clinical evidence indicate that metformin and statins could elevate omentin-1 levels, although the specific mechanism has not been precisely delineated until now. This study is the first to summarize the comprehensive mechanisms between omentin-1 and atherosclerosis and to review the shielding effect of omentin-1 on IS. We shed light on omentin-1 as a novel therapeutic target for combating IS.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
NALCN, a sodium leak channel expressed mainly in the central nervous system, is responsible for the resting Na
permeability that controls neuronal excitability. Dysfunctions of the NALCN ...channelosome, NALCN with several auxiliary subunits, are associated with a variety of human diseases. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of human NALCN in complex with FAM155A at an overall resolution of 3.1 angstroms. FAM155A forms extensive interactions with the extracellular loops of NALCN that may help stabilize NALCN in the membrane. A Na
ion-binding site, reminiscent of a Ca
binding site in Ca
channels, is identified in the unique EEKE selectivity filter. Despite its 'leaky' nature, the channel is closed and the intracellular gate is sealed by S6
, II-III linker and III-IV linker. Our study establishes the molecular basis of Na
permeation and voltage sensitivity, and provides important clues to the mechanistic understanding of NALCN regulation and NALCN channelosome-related diseases.
Respiration is one of the most important physiological processes of the human body. Continuous monitoring of respiration with wearable sensors can provide abundant information related to the health ...status of the respiratory system. However, the vast majority of the developed respiration sensors are constructed on nontextile substrates, resulting in dissatisfactory convenience, comfortness, and aesthetics. Additionally, special micro‐/nanomaterials are inevitably involved to construct the respiration sensors, which pose potential hazards to the human body due to the exfoliation and inhalation of these micro‐/nanomaterials. Here, humidity‐ and temperature‐sensitive electronic textiles (e‐Textiles) are presented, which are fabricated based on easily accessible and biofriendly materials (e.g., sodium chloride, glycerin, aluminum fiber, carbon fiber, and polyvinyl alcohol). Moreover, the proposed e‐Textiles use a potentiometric sensing mechanism, featuring self‐powered signal outputs and ultralow power consumption. The humidity and temperature‐sensing functionalities can also be in situ integrated into commercial masks for constructing full‐textile and all‐in‐one e‐Masks for comprehensive respiration monitoring. As demonstrations, both single‐point respiration monitoring (e.g., intensity, frequency, etc.) and 2D respiratory analysis (i.e., airflow distribution) can be realized with the e‐Masks. This work provides a facile and scalable approach to manufacture self‐powered and fully fabric respiration sensors for comprehensive respiratory analysis.
A facile strategy for scalable construction of humidity‐ and temperature‐sensitive electronic textiles with easily accessible and biofriendly raw materials is proposed and demonstrated based on a potentiometric sensing mechanism, featuring self‐powered property. Based on this new sensing principle, fully fabric and self‐powered smart e‐Masks can be facilely fabricated for different modes of respiration analysis (i.e., single‐point, 2D).
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) have the typical composition of APbX3, in which A is a cation such as methlyamine (MA) and formamidine (FA) and X is a halide anion such as Cl, Br, or I. ...The mixture at the A or X site in OIHPs provides greatly improved versatility in their compositions and therefore allows the enhancement of their performance in LEDs and solar cells. In real application circumstances and deformable devices, the mechanical properties of OIHPs are of great importance. In this work, the mechanical properties of three series of mixed OIHP single crystals, MAPbIxBr3−x, MAPbBrxCl3−x, and FAyMA1−yPbBr3, are studied by nanoindentation. The results are summarized according to the composition of these mixtures. With the increase in the FA content at the A site, the average Young’s modulus (E) of FAyMA1−yPbBr3 decreases greatly from 19.2 GPa to 11.5 GPa, which indicates that the influence of organic cations on the mechanical properties of OIHPs is as important as that of Pb-X bonds. The mixture at the A or X site could also increase the hardness (H) and the wear resistance (H/E ratio). The average values of hardness and wear resistance of MAPbI0.1Br2.9 are almost double (0.63 GPa, 0.033) the values for undoped MAPbBr3 (0.32 GPa, 0.017). The dynamic mechanical responses of the OIHP single crystals show reduced creep stress exponents and thus increased strain rate sensitivities in the mixture at the X site, thereby improving the ductility. The nanoindentation sites are characterized using a scanning electron microscope and slip bands are observed, suggesting the plastic deformation mechanism governed by the activation of dislocations.
As the epoxy resin material of superconducting equipment is often in low temperature environment, the insulation properties of epoxy resin changes with temperature accordingly which brings new ...problems on insulation design of superconducting equipment. This paper studied the effect of nano-MgO particles on the dielectric properties of epoxy resin in liquid nitrogen condition. We used magnesium oxide particles with average size of 50nm and 80nm mixed with epoxy resin to obtain different doping amount of composite dielectric and prepared pure epoxy resin samples as comparison. The test results showed that the addition of nanoparticles enhanced the breakdown strength of the epoxy resin compared to the pure epoxy samples. The breakdown strength in liquid nitrogen condition was higher than the breakdown strength at normal temperature. Dielectric properties test results showed that the dielectric constant of epoxy resin in liquid nitrogen environment was lower than that at normal temperature, and the addition of nanoparticles decreased the dielectric constant of epoxy resin. The dielectric loss was greatly influenced by temperature, and it will decrease significantly in low temperature environment. The research provides important reference value for the insulation design of superconducting equipment.
The application of superconductivity technology can solve many problems in power industry. Compared with the conventional technology, superconductivity technology has many superior properties. ...However, the epoxy resin material used for superconducting equipment insulation is often in liquid nitrogen environment, and the low temperature will bring many changes to the insulation properties of the epoxy resin, which brings new problems to the insulation design of the superconducting equipment. In this paper, a novel epoxy resin nanocomposite was developed. We used titanium dioxide particles with average size of 10nm and 35nm mixed with epoxy resin to obtain different doping amount of samples, and the samples were tested at room temperature and liquid nitrogen environment separately. Through experiments, it was found that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles enhanced the breakdown strength of the epoxy resin compared to the pure epoxy samples. The breakdown strength under liquid nitrogen conditions was higher than the breakdown strength at normal temperature. The dielectric properties test showed that the dielectric constant of epoxy resin in liquid nitrogen was lower than that in room temperature, and the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles increased the dielectric constant of the epoxy resin. Dielectric loss was greatly influenced by temperature and was significantly higher than normal temperature under liquid nitrogen conditions.
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•Graphene enhanced methane yield (+25%) and production rate (+20%) in AD of ethanol.•Microbial structures of electro-active bacteria and archaea were revealed after AD.•Direct ...interspecies electron transfer (DIET) via graphene was established in AD.•DIET sustained much higher electron transfer flux than hydrogen transfer.
Interspecies electron transfer between bacteria and archaea plays a vital role in enhancing energy efficiency of anaerobic digestion (AD). Conductive carbon materials (i.e. graphene nanomaterial and activated charcoal) were assessed to enhance AD of ethanol (a key intermediate product after acidogenesis of algae). The addition of graphene (1.0g/L) resulted in the highest biomethane yield (695.0±9.1mL/g) and production rate (95.7±7.6mL/g/d), corresponding to an enhancement of 25.0% in biomethane yield and 19.5% in production rate. The ethanol degradation constant was accordingly improved by 29.1% in the presence of graphene. Microbial analyses revealed that electrogenic bacteria of Geobacter and Pseudomonas along with archaea Methanobacterium and Methanospirillum might participate in direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). Theoretical calculations provided evidence that graphene-based DIET can sustained a much higher electron transfer flux than conventional hydrogen transfer.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
This study developed a new electrodeposited Fe–Ni coatings using the laser-induced current waveform. This process refined grains accomponied with a mixed nanocrystalline size and alternate element ...content. The electrochemical and immersion corrosion performance at 3.5 wt% NaCl was improved, which is still pitting corrosion. The corrosion pits are more likely to spread around rather than in the depth direction. The enhancement mechanism is mainly attributed to the richer grain boundaries. This microstructure increases the interface transfer resistance and makes the corrosion more uniform. This study provides a potential process for preparing nanocrystalline coatings with better performance.
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•Laser-induced current waveform refines grains with a mixed size.•The element content is distributed alternately along the cross-section.•The electrochemical and immersion corrosion properties are improved.•The enhance mechanism is mainly attributed to the rich grain boundaries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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