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•A great enhancement of both strength and plasticity in a dual-phase Al10(FeNiCoMn)90 HEA was achieved by multi-effects of high carbon addition.•Carbon addition in the ...Al10(FeNiCoMn)90 HEA can increase the fraction of fcc phase, change the distribution of bcc phase and promote the transition from wavy slip to planar slip.•Carbides precipitation was not observed in the Al10(FeNiCoMn)90 HEA when carbon content was as high as 3 at.%. As a result, its strength and plasticity increases simultaneously due to phase modulation and interstitial strengthening.•When carbon content reached to 4 at.%, the nano-scale carbides precipitation in the Al10(FeNiCoMn)90C4 HEA stimulated and improved the strength further by precipitation strengthening.
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have become an interesting research area for the novel alloying design paradigm. Interstitial carbon has usually been introduced to enhance mechanical properties of HEAs. To achieve addition of high carbon, this work designed a dual-phase Al10(FeNiCoMn)90 HEA without strong carbide-forming elements. The results showed that adding 3 at.% carbon did not cause the precipitation of carbides in this HEA, and its yield strength and plasticity increased by 237 MPa and 26.2 %, respectively, which was due to the increase of fcc phase fraction, the distribution change of bcc phase and interstitial strengthening. Addition of 4 at.% carbon only caused the precipitation of nano-scale carbides in the matrix and the yield strength and plasticity increased by 455 MPa and 5.5 %, respectively, resulted from phase modulation, interstitial strengthening and precipitation strengthening. Simultaneously, the transition from wavy slip to planar slip and the formation of microbands after carbon addition, which also led to an increase of plasticity. This work provides a promising method that if coarse carbides can be avoided, high carbon addition enhances both strength and plasticity in a dual-phase HEA by multi-effects including phase modulation, interstitial strengthening, precipitation strengthening and deformation mechanism transition.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Thyroid nodules are very common all over the world, and China is no exception. Ultrasound plays an important role in determining the risk stratification of thyroid nodules, which is critical for ...clinical management of thyroid nodules. For the past few years, many versions of TIRADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) have been put forward by several institutions with the aim to identify whether nodules require fine-needle biopsy or ultrasound follow-up. However, no version of TIRADS has been widely adopted worldwide till date. In China, as many as ten versions of TIRADS have been used in different hospitals nationwide, causing a lot of confusion. With the support of the Superficial Organ and Vascular Ultrasound Group of the Society of Ultrasound in Medicine of the Chinese Medical Association, the Chinese-TIRADS that is in line with China’s national conditions and medical status was established based on literature review, expert consensus, and multicenter data provided by the Chinese Artificial Intelligence Alliance for Thyroid and Breast Ultrasound.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The effects of Cr addition on microstructures, mechanical properties and deformation behavior of near-rapidly solidified low-density Fe-20Mn-9Al-1.2C (wt. %) steel strips were investigated. It was ...found that Cr addition increased the volume fraction and size of δ-ferrite, and decreased the precipitation of κ-carbides in this low-density steel strip. The yield strength of the near-rapidly solidified steel strips was decreased significantly, but the ultimate tensile strength and the total elongation didn't obviously change. However, after cold rolling with 20% reduction, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of Cr-containing steel strips were significantly higher than that of the Cr-free steel strip. It was attributed to the fact that the decrease of κ-carbides caused by Cr addition facilitated the formation of high-density slip bands during cold rolling deformation. The ultimate tensile strength and total elongation of cold-rolled 3Cr (wt. %) steel strip were 1270 MPa and 21%, respectively. A double (Slip-band and Microband) hardening mechanism was proposed for the strain hardening behavior of the low-density steel strips, and the number of nanoscale κ-carbides played a crucial role in the strain hardening rate at the early strain stage.
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•Cr addition increases δ-ferrite content and decreases nano-scale κ-carbide content in low-density Fe-20Mn-9Al-1.2C steel.•The decrease of nano-scale κ-carbide promotes generation of the slip bands and increases its strain hardening rate.•A double (Slip-band and Microband) hardening mechanism is proposed for strain hardening of the low-density steel strips.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Parkinson disease (PD) is the most common movement disturbance characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in midbrain. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is ...aberrantly expressed in neurons and is involved in the dendritic and synapse development. However, the role of MALAT1 and its underlying mechanism in PD remain to be defined.
The expressions of MALAT1 and miR-124 were evaluated by qRT-PCR. N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice and SH-SY5Y cells subjected to N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP
) were utilized to investigate the effect of MALAT1 on PD. TUNEL assay was performed to detect apoptosis of DA neurons in PD mice. Flow cytometry analysis was carried out to measure apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. Caspase3 activity and Cleaved Caspase3 expression were tested by caspase3 assay kit and western blot, respectively. TargetScan software and luciferase reporter assay were used to explore the relationship between MALAT1 and miR-124.
MALAT1 was up-regulated and miR-124 was down-regulated in MPTP-induced PD mice and MPP
-treated SH-SY5Y cells. MALAT1 knockdown attenuated MPTP-induced apoptosis of DA neurons in MPTP-induced PD mouse model. MALAT1 interacted with miR-124 to negatively regulate its expression. MALAT1 knockdown suppressed MPP
-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells, while miR-124 downregulation abrogated this effect. Moreover, MALAT1 knockdown improved miR-124 expression in MPTP/MPP
induced models of PD.
MALAT1 promotes the apoptosis by sponging miR-124 in mouse models of PD and in vitro model of PD, providing a potential theoretical foundation for the clinical application of MALAT1 against PD.
We present a model of changing the intensity of interaction based on the individual behavior to study the iterated prisoner's dilemma game in social networks. In this model, each individual has an ...assessed score of reputation which is obtained by considering the evaluation level of interactive partners for its present behavior. We focus on the effect of evaluation level on the changing intensity of interaction between individuals. For an individual with good behavior, the higher the evaluation level of its partners for its good behavior, the better its reputation, and the higher the probability of surrounding partners interaction with it. On the contrary, for an individual with bad behavior, the lower the evaluation level of its partners for its bad behavior, the worse its reputation, and the less the probability of surrounding neighbors interaction with it. Simulation results show that this effective mechanism can drastically facilitate the emergence and maintenance of cooperation in the population under a treacherous chip. Interestingly, for a small or moderate treacherous chip, the cooperation level monotonously ascends as the evaluation level increases; however, for a higher treacherous chip, existing an optimal evaluation level, which can result in the best promotion of cooperation. Furthermore, we find better agreement between simulation results and theoretical predictions obtained from an extended pair-approximation method, although there are some tiny deviations. We also show some typical snapshots of the system and investigate the reason for appearance and persistence of cooperation. The results further show the importance of evaluation level of individual behavior in coevolutionary relationships.
Abstract
Cooperative behaviour can evolve through conditional strategies that direct cooperation towards interaction partners who have themselves been cooperative in the past. Such strategies are ...common in human cooperation, but they can be vulnerable to manipulation: individuals may try to exaggerate their past cooperation to elicit reciprocal contributions or improve their reputation for future gains. Little is known about the prevalence and the ramifications of misrepresentation in human cooperation, neither in general nor about its cultural facets (self-sacrifice for the group is valued differently across cultures). Here, we present a large-scale interactive decision making experiment (N = 870), performed in China and the USA, in which individuals had repeated cooperative interactions in groups. Our results show that (1) most individuals from both cultures overstate their contributions to the group if given the opportunity, (2) misrepresentation of cooperation is detrimental to cooperation in future interactions, and (3) the possibility to build up a personal reputation amplifies the effects of misrepresentation on cooperation in China, but not in the USA. Our results suggest that misrepresentation of cooperation is likely to be an important factor in (the evolution of) human social behaviour, with, depending on culture, diverging impacts on cooperation outcomes.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Elastic full-waveform inversion (FWI) estimates the subsurface velocity model by inverting multi-component seismic data. Most of the current elastic FWI solves the elastic wave equation by a temporal ...second-order finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. However, the traditional temporal second-order FDTD introduces large temporal dispersion in the case of a large time-stepping size. To suppress the temporal dispersion, a relatively small time step should be used, which increases the computational cost of FWI. We introduce a temporal fourth-order and spatial arbitrary even-order FDTD method for elastic wave modeling and inversion. The temporal fourth-order scheme can simulate a highly accurate wavefield, even when a large time step is used for temporal extrapolation. Compared with the traditional temporal second-order FDTD scheme, the temporal fourth-order FDTD enables a larger time step for its more relaxed stability condition and smaller dispersion. As a result, FWI with temporal fourth-order FDTD scheme can achieve high accuracy inversion without reducing much computational efficiency. We run our elastic FWI codes on a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) computing platform, and to accelerate the GPU computing, we propose to use the GPU shared memory to reduce the data access delay. By transferring the data frequently accessed for the FDTD approximations, from the global memory to the shared memory, we realize the FDTD calculation in a more efficient way. Forward modeling and FWI examples are carried out to confirm the effectiveness of our elastic FWI.
•Incorporating temporal fourth-order time-domain FD method into elastic FWI.•Developing a GPU shared memory access strategy to improve FWI efficiency.•Revealing the effects of temporal dispersion on FWI results.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Breast cancer is the most common cancer type in women. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as potential new diagnostic markers, prognostic factors, and therapeutic targets in cancer. ...However, the specific roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs in breast cancer remain to be elucidated. Here we demonstrated the downregulation of lncRNA SNORD3A in breast cancer cells and tissues and verified its non-protein-coding property. SNORD3A overexpression had no effect on cell proliferation but specifically sensitized breast cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SNORD3A exerts its effect via enhancing uridine monophosphate synthetase (UMPS) protein expression. SNORD3A acts as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-185-5p, leading to UMPS protein upregulation. miR-185-5p overexpression disrupted the effect of SNORD3A on chemosensitization to 5-FU in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Meis1 overexpression transcriptionally promotes SNORD3A expression, and Meis1 is downregulated in breast cancer cells and tissues. In breast cancer tissues, SNORD3A level positively correlates with Meis1 and UMPS protein levels, whereas miR-185-5p level negatively correlates with UMPS protein level. High SNORD3A transcript and Meis1 and UMPS protein levels predicts a better outcome, but high miR-185-5p level predicts a worse outcome in breast cancer patients receiving 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Our findings indicate that Meis1-regulated SNORD3A specifically sensitizes breast cancer cells to 5-FU via enhancing UMPS expression. The SNORD3A-UMPS axis may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target to improve the efficacy of 5-FU-based chemotherapy for breast cancer patients.
Environmental regulation is an important tool to mitigate carbon emissions. To explore the relationships between different types of environmental regulations and carbon intensity (CI) of China’s ...garment industry, this paper uses multiple econometric models to study the effects of command-and-control environmental regulation (CER), market-incentive environmental regulation (MER) and public-participation environmental regulation (PER) the carbon intensity of China’s garment industry and analyses their regional heterogeneity. The results show that at the national level, both CER and MER have a green paradox effect on CI of China’s garment industry, while the effect of PER is not significant. At regional level, in the eastern garment industry the influence of CER on CI is dominated by the forced emission reduction effect, while MER pushes up the emission intensity within a certain range. Increasing PER helps to reduce the CI of western and North-eastern garment industry. The potential for implications from the results and policy recommendations are also discussed.
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