Immunotherapy has improved the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, in patients with Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (
) mutations, the ...superior efficacy of immunotherapy has not been elucidated and especially in real-world practice. Our study aimed to use real-world data to assess the efficacy of immunotherapy in
-mutant NSCLC in a Chinese cohort.
In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted the clinical, molecular, and pathologic data from the electronic health records of patients with advanced
-mutant NSCLC at Shandong Cancer Hospital between January 2018 and May 2022. Furthermore, we evaluated the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the included patients.
Between January 2018 and November 2020, 793 patients were identified with stage IIIB-IV NSCLC and a total of 122 patients with
mutations were included in the analysis. The majority of patients were diagnosed with stage IV (82.0%) adenocarcinoma (93.4%), along with a history of smoking (57.4%). Of these, 42% of patients received anti-PD-(L)1 with or without chemotherapy (Immunotherapy-based regimens), while 58.2% of patients received chemotherapy (Chemotherapy-based regimens). The median overall survival (mOS) in this cohort was 22.9 months (95% CI: 14.1-31.7), while the median-progression-free survival (mPFS) was 9.4 months (95% CI: 6.6-12.1). Patients receiving immunotherapy-based regimens displayed better mOS than those receiving chemotherapy-based regimens (45.2 vs. 11.3 months;
=1.81E-05), with no statistical difference observed in the mPFS (10.5 vs. 8.2 months;
=0.706). Patients receiving immunotherapy-based regimens either in the first line (
=0.00038,
=0.010, respectively) or second-line setting (
=0.010,
=0.026, respectively) showed benefits in both PFS and OS. Subgroup analysis indicated that in patients having
G12C or non-
G12C mutant types, immunotherapy showed benefits of better OS (
=0.0037,
=0.020, respectively) than chemotherapy. Moreover, in advanced NSCLCs patients with or without
co-mutation the immunotherapy-based regimen achieved longer OS and PFS than chemotherapy-based regimens.
In the Chinese population of patients with
-mutant advanced NSCLC, immunotherapy-based regimens achieved longer OS than chemotherapy-based regimens, which was independent of first or second-line setting, as well as
mutational subtypes.
Background
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harboring
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2
) mutations represent a distinct subset with unique therapeutic challenges. Although immune ...checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been transformative in lung cancer treatment, the efficacy of ICIs in
HER2
-mutated NSCLC remains to be established.
Methods
We systematically searched for real-world studies investigating the use of ICIs in treating
HER2
-mutated NSCLC, sourced from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Outcomes including objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and progression-free survival (PFS) were extracted for further analysis.
Results
Twelve studies involving 260 patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Pooled data revealed an ORR of 0.26 (95% CI 0.17–0.34), a DCR of 0.68 (95% CI 0.55–0.81), and a median PFS (mPFS) of 5.36 months (95% CI 3.50–7.21). Notably, in the subgroup receiving combined immune and chemotherapy, the ORR increased to 0.37 (95% CI 0.26–0.49), the DCR to 0.79 (95% CI 0.70–0.87), and the mPFS to 7.10 months (95% CI 5.21–8.99).
Conclusions
ICIs demonstrate promising anti-tumor activity and safety in patients with
HER2
-mutated NSCLC. Furthermore, the combined regimen of ICIs and chemotherapy may provide a significant therapeutic option for this patient population.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Kesterite-based Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin-film photovoltaics involve a serious interfacial dilemma, leading to severe recombination of carriers and insufficient band alignment at the CZTS/CdS ...heterojunction. Herein, an interface modification scheme by aluminum doping is introduced for CZTS/CdS via a spin coating method combined with heat treatment. The thermal annealing of the kesterite/CdS junction drives the migration of doped Al from CdS to the absorber, achieving an effective ion substitution and interface passivation. This condition greatly reduces interface recombination and improves device fill factor and current density. The J SC and FF of the champion device increased from 18.01 to 22.33 mA cm–2 and 60.24 to 64.06%, respectively, owing to the optimized band alignment and remarkably enhanced charge carrier generation, separation, and transport. Consequently, a photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.65% was achieved, representing the highest efficiency in CZTS thin-film solar cells fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to date. This work proposed a facile strategy for interfacial engineering treatment, opening a valuable avenue to overcome the efficiency bottleneck of CZTS thin-film solar cells.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
A telluride-spinel ZnCo
2
Te
4
/NF catalyst delivered an overpotential (
η
) of only 370 mV to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm
−2
and displayed no significant degradation of performance during ...50 h of operation. By virtue of
in situ
synchrotron infrared spectroscopic detection, an accumulation of key OOH* intermediates over the active site was observed, suggesting that the reaction followed the efficient adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) for water oxidation.
Study of the oxygen evolution kinetics of a telluride spinel electrocatalyst using synchrotron radiation spectroscopy.
•We investigated a measles outbreak in health workers in a Chinese medical hospital, Beijing, China.•Most cases had no documented measles-containing vaccination before the outbreak.•High-level ...post-exposure measles vaccination contributed largely to contain the outbreak and might provide an indirect protection for inpatients.•2-Dose measles-containing vaccination of susceptible health workers is warranted in China.
Since the National Action Plan for Measles Elimination 2006–2012 was released in 2006, China has entered into an era of accelerated measles elimination. Despite substantial decline, measles outbreak continued to occur mainly in a non-targeted population, in particular health workers due to occupational exposure. We investigated a measles outbreak in a Chinese medicine hospital, Beijing, in March 2018.
Descriptive analysis was performed on epidemiology of the outbreak, clinical and laboratory evaluations, vaccination status of cases, and public health response. A case-control study was also conducted to identify the associated risk factors for measles.
From March 13, 2018, through March 27, 2018, a total of 11 measles cases in health workers were reported in Hospital X, Beijing. The median age of cases was 26 years (range, 21–53) and 4 (36.4%) were male. Of the 11 cases, ten had not been vaccinated or had unknown vaccination status; two occurred in emergency departments. No inpatients became infected, 141 (83.9%) of whom in affected departments were 55 years of age or older. The outbreak was confirmed by laboratory testing; the virus strain was genotype H1. The response activities included isolation of cases, and enhanced health surveillance of health workers and inpatients, particularly in affected departments. A total of 2234 doses of measles-containing vaccines (MCVs) were administered, covering 93.3% of susceptible health workers, in addition to 973 doses to the susceptible individuals in household and community. Lack of documentation of MCV vaccination before the outbreak was identified as a risk factor for measles (odd ratio: 3.333, 95% confidence interval: 1.295–8.621).
High coverage of outbreak response immunization activities contributed largely to limit the spread of measles and might provide an indirect protection for inpatients. 2-Dose measles-containing vaccination of personnel in healthcare settings is warranted to prevent potential nosocomial transmission of measles.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The effects of WO3 intermediate layer on the microstructure, electrical and defects properties of CZTSSe films are revealed for the first time, and high quality CZTSSe crystal and low back interface ...contact barrier are obtained.
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Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) has attracted considerable attention as a non-toxic and earth-abundant solar cell material. During selenization of CZTSSe film at high temperature, the reaction between CZTSSe and Mo is one of the main reasons that result in unfavorable absorber and interface quality, which leads to large open circuit voltage deficit (VOC-def) and low fill factor (FF). Herein, a WO3 intermediate layer introduced at the back interface can effectually inhibit the unfavorable interface reaction between absorber and back electrode in the preliminary selenization progress; thus high-quality crystals are obtained. Through this back interface engineering, the traditional problems of phase segregation, voids in the absorber and over thick Mo(S,Se)2 at the back interface can be well solved, which greatly lessens the recombination in the bulk and at the interface. The increased minority carrier diffusion length, decreased barrier height at back interface contact and reduced deep acceptor defects give rise to systematic improvement in VOC and FF, finally a 12.66% conversion efficiency for CZTSSe solar cell has been achieved. This work provides a simple way to fabricate highly efficient solar cells and promotes a deeper understanding of the function of intermediate layer at back interface in kesterite-based solar cells.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Chitin is a polysaccharide and possesses numerous beneficial properties such as nontoxicity, biodegradability and biocompatibility, which draws much attention to its applications in food. Crayfish ...shell is a source of chitin alongside an antioxidants and a potential source of beneficial dietary fiber. In this study, chitin (CH) and crayfish shell (CS) with different concentrations were used to study their impact on pasting characteristics of flour mixture (wheat flour and glutinous rice flour) and influence on physicochemical and starch digestion property of puffed biscuit. The Rapid Visco-Analyzer results showed that the viscosity of powder mixture was decreased with the ratio of CH and CS increased. CH resulted in lowest peak viscosity and breakdown values of mixed powder. It was indicated that increasing amounts of CH and CS led to significantly reduced moisture content, expansion ratio but raised density of biscuits. CH and CS inhibited starch digestion and promoted a remarkable increase (
< 0.05) of resistant starch (RS) content. The hydrolysis kinetic analysis suggested a decelerating influence of CH on the hydrolysis content with lower values of equilibrium hydrolysis percentage (C
) while CS on hydrolysis rate with lower kinetic constant (K). The estimated glycemic index (eGI) of the CH (15-20%) samples were below 55. These results are of great significance in delaying starch digestion and provided a better choice in design of fried puffed snacks for special crowd with chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity.
Abstract
Aiming at the problems of large short-term fluctuation, strong randomness and difficulty to consume of renewable energy generation, it is an important way to integrate abundant wind and ...photovoltaic (PV) power into hydropower stations to promote the consumption of renewable energy sources (RES). A hydro-wind-PV and energy storage multi-energy complementary microgrid (MECM) model is proposed to meet the demand of load supply and RES consumption. Firstly, according to the characteristics of load and resource endowment, the MECM is established in a hydropower station. Secondly, according to the two different objectives of load self-sufficiency and RES consumption, the mathematical model for the capacity configuration optimization of MECM was proposed. Finally, combined with the practical case study, the effectiveness and practicability of this scheme are verified, and different configuration schemes are discussed based on different objectives.
Oxygen electrochemistry plays a key role in industrial hydrogen fuel production from water electrolysis, but the slow kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at large current density ...restricts the commercialization of such energy devices. Here, we design a new class of valence-variable metal-modified CuCo
2
S
4
thiospinels, termed as
v
-M-CuCo
2
S
4
/NF (
v
-M = Mn, V, Cr), to achieve large-current-density OER performance. The introduction of valence-variable metals (
v
-M) can promote the generation of a special oxyhydroxide-like active phase with a contractive interatomic Co-Co distance, which breaks the limit of the inherent linear scaling relationship and causes the OER on
v
-M-CuCo
2
S
4
/NF to follow a more efficient oxide path mechanism. Therefore,
v
-M-CuCo
2
S
4
/NF, taking Mn-CuCo
2
S
4
/NF as a representative, delivers low overpotentials of 255 and 378 mV to achieve large current densities of 500 and 1500 mA cm
−2
in alkaline electrolytes. The optimal catalyst shows a large mass activity of 3000 A g
metal
−1
and a high turnover frequency of 16 500 h
−1
at a low overpotential of 378 mV (1500 mA cm
2
), tens of times larger than commercial RuO
2
/NF. The design principle provides some hints for optimizing abundant spinel materials as large current density OER catalysts.
We design a new class of valence-variable metal modified thiospinel
v
-M-CuCo
2
S
4
/NF catalysts for large current density OER performance, which promotes the generation of an oxyhydroxide-like active phase with a contractive interatomic Co-Co distance.
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