Abstract
The zeolite Cu(I)Y is promising for adsorptive removal of thiophenic sulfur compounds from transportation fuels. However, its application is seriously hindered by the instability of Cu(I), ...which is easily oxidized to Cu(II) even under atmospheric environment due to the coexistence of moisture and oxygen. Here, we report the adjustment of zeolite microenvironment from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic status by coating polydimethylsiloxane (yielding Cu(I)Y@P), which isolates moisture entering the pores and subsequently stabilizes Cu(I) despite the presence of oxygen. Cu(I) in Cu(I)Y@P is stable upon exposure to humid atmosphere for 6 months, while almost all Cu(I) is oxidized to Cu(II) in Cu(I)Y for only 2 weeks. The optimized Cu(I)Y@P material after moisture exposure can remove 532 μmol g
−1
of thiophene and is much superior to Cu(I)Y (116 μmol g
−1
), regardless of similar uptakes for unexposed adsorbents. Remarkably, Cu(I)Y@P shows excellent adsorption capacity of desulfurization for water-containing model fuel.
Temperature‐dependent dual fluorescence and switchable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are two highly pursued but challenging properties for small organic molecules (SOMs). We herein disclose ...a triarylborane π‐system based on a 2,2′‐diamino‐6,6′‐diboryl‐1,1′‐binaphthyl scaffold that can serve as a versatile building block for achieving these two properties by simply choosing different amino groups. BNMe2‐BNaph with less bulky dimethylamino groups displays temperature‐dependent dual fluorescence, and can thus be used as a highly sensitive ratiometric fluorescence thermometer. On the other hand, BNPh2‐BNaph with bulky diphenylamino groups exhibits intense fluorescence in both solution and in the solid state. A change of solvent from nonpolar cyclohexane to highly polar MeCN not only shifts the CPL position to much longer wavelength but also inverts the CPL sign. In addition, the complexation of BNPh2‐BNaph with fluoride greatly enhances the CPL intensity.
The combination of two donor–π‐acceptor subunits in the 2,2′‐diamino‐6,6′‐diboryl‐1,1′‐binaphthyl scaffold generates a versatile building block for organic fluorophores exhibiting temperature‐dependent dual fluorescence and switchable circularly polarized luminescence.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Uncontrollable itch-scratching cycles lead to serious skin damage in patients with chronic itch. However, the neural mechanism promoting the itch-scratching cycle remains elusive. Here, we report ...that tachykinin 1 (Tac1)-expressing glutamatergic neurons in the lateral and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (l/vlPAG) facilitate the itch-scratching cycle. We found that l/vlPAG neurons exhibited scratching-behavior-related neural activity and that itch-evoked scratching behavior was impaired after suppressing the activity of l/vlPAG neurons. Furthermore, we showed that the activity of Tac1-expressing glutamatergic neurons in the l/vlPAG was elevated during itch-induced scratching behavior and that ablating or suppressing the activity of these neurons decreased itch-induced scratching behavior. Importantly, activation of Tac1-expressing neurons induced robust spontaneous scratching and grooming behaviors. The scratching behavior evoked by Tac1-expressing neuron activation was suppressed by ablation of spinal neurons expressing gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), the key relay neurons for itch. These results suggest that Tac1-expressing neurons in the l/vlPAG promote itch-scratching cycles.
Display omitted
•Neurons in l/vlPAG exhibit scratching behavior related to neural activities•Ablation of Tac1+ but not SST+ neurons decreases itch-induced scratching behavior•Activation of Tac1+ neurons induces spontaneous scratching and grooming behaviors•l/vlPAG Tac1+ neurons modulate spinal itch processing via a RVM-dependent pathway
Gao et al. demonstrate that Tac1-expressing neurons in the l/vlPAG modulate spinal itch processing via a descending pathway. These neurons represent a critical component in the neural circuit that drives the itch-scratching cycle.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Red/near‐infrared (NIR) emissive carbon nanodots (CNDs) with photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of 57% are prepared via an in situ solvent‐free carbonization strategy for the first time. ...1‐Photon and 2‐photon cellular imaging is demonstrated by using the CNDs as red/NIR fluorescence agent due to the high PL QY and low biotoxicity. Further study shows that the red/NIR CNDs exhibit multiphoton excited (MPE) upconversion fluorescence under excitation of 800–2000 nm, which involves three NIR windows (NIR‐I, 650–950 nm; NIR‐II, 1100–1350; NIR‐III, 1600–1870 nm). 2‐Photon, 3‐photon, and 4‐photon excited fluorescence of the CNDs under excitation of different wavelengths is achieved. This study develops an in situ solvent‐free carbonization method for efficient red/NIR emissive CNDs with MPE upconversion fluorescence, which may push forward the application of the CNDs in bioimaging.
Red/near‐infrared (NIR) emissive carbon nanodots (CNDs) with photoluminescence quantum yield of 57% are demonstrated via an in situ solvent‐free strategy. 1‐Photon and 2‐photon cellular imaging is demonstrated. Furthermore, multiphoton excited red/NIR fluorescence of the CNDs is achieved.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The Tibetan plateau is manifested by contrasting along-strike lithospheric structures, but its formation mechanism and the relationship with the heterogeneous multi-terrane configuration is a ...challenging problem. Here we conduct systematic numerical modeling to explore the roles of width, density, and rheological properties of the multiple terranes in the lithospheric evolution of the Tibetan plateau, which reveals two distinct collision modes. In Mode-I, the lithospheric mantles of both the strong and weak terranes in the Tibetan plate are completely detached, followed by the underthrusting of Indian lithosphere beneath the whole plateau. Alternatively, Mode-II is characterized by full detachment of the weak terranes, but (partial) residue of the strong terranes during collision. These two contrasting modes, broadly consistent with the lithospheric structures of western and central-eastern Tibetan plateau, respectively, are strongly dependent on the along-strike variation of the width of the strong Lhasa-Qiangtang terranes.
The medial preoptic area (mPOA) differs between males and females in nearly all species examined to date, including humans. Here, using fiber photometry recordings of Ca
transients in freely behaving ...mice, we show ramping activities in the mPOA that precede and correlate with sexually dimorphic display of male-typical mounting and female-typical pup retrieval. Strikingly, optogenetic stimulation of the mPOA elicits similar display of mounting and pup retrieval in both males and females. Furthermore, by means of recording, ablation, optogenetic activation, and inhibition, we show mPOA neurons expressing estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1) are essential for the sexually biased display of these behaviors. Together, these results underscore the shared layout of the brain that can mediate sex-specific behaviors in both male and female mice and provide an important functional frame to decode neural mechanisms governing sexually dimorphic behaviors in the future.
A comparative analysis of Indochina and South China during the Early Paleozoic indicates the former may be extended to include North Vietnam, part of the Qinzhou tectonic zone and southern Hainan ...Island. These three regions were traditionally regarded as parts of South China separated from Indochina by the Song Ma suture in Central-North Vietnam. A new suture, called the Dian-Qiong suture, is proposed here, approximately along the southern margin of the present Nanpanjiang basin. This suture is linked to its eastern counterpart in Hainan Island through a NNE-trending dextral transform fault zone along the eastern margin of the Nanpanjiang basin. The conventional Song Ma suture originally constitutes its western extension and was translated to its present location by sinistral displacement along the Red River Fault Zone during the Tertiary. Upper Paleozoic deep-water turbidites and associated mid-oceanic ridge basalts along the suture in the Nanpanjiang basin illustrate a coeval ocean between Indochina and South China. The ocean was consumed by south-directed subduction beneath Indochina during the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic. This suture zone was finally re-shaped by the indentation between the active margin of Indochina and the irregular passive continental margin of South China during the Late Triassic as well as displacement along the Red River fault zone during the Cenozoic.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Symbiont-mediated nutritional mutualisms can contribute to the host fitness of insects, especially for those that feed exclusively on nutritionally unbalanced diets. Here, we elucidate the importance ...of B group vitamins in the association of endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia with two plant-sap feeding insects, the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), and the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Infected planthoppers of both species laid more eggs than uninfected planthoppers, while the experimental transfer of Wolbachia into uninfected lines of one planthopper species rescued this fecundity deficit. The genomic analysis showed that Wolbachia strains from the two planthopper species encoded complete biosynthesis operons for biotin and riboflavin, while a metabolic analysis revealed that Wolbachia-infected planthoppers of both species had higher titers of biotin and riboflavin. Furthermore, experimental supplementation of food with a mixture of biotin and riboflavin recovered the fecundity deficit of Wolbachia-uninfected planthoppers. In addition, comparative genomic analysis suggested that the riboflavin synthesis genes are conserved among Wolbachia supergroups. Biotin operons are rare in Wolbachia, and those described share a recent ancestor that may have been horizontally transferred from Cardinium bacteria. Our research demonstrates a type of mutualism that involves a facultative interaction between Wolbachia and plant-sap feeding insects involving vitamin Bs.
Full text
Available for:
NUK, SBMB, SBNM, UL, UM, UPUK
The ongoing India‐Asia collision principally regulates the Cenozoic tectonic deformation of the Asian interior, and builds a far‐away but active spectacular intraplate orogen—Tian Shan. However, the ...deep processes and dynamics of far‐field deformation propagation and the resultant Tian Shan building remain ambiguous. Here, we construct systematic numerical models with variable thermo‐rheological properties of the orogen‐featured blocks and convergence rates, which reveal that the far‐field effect of India‐Asia collision on the Tian Shan building is strongly controlled by the direct collision of Indian lithospheric mantle with the rigid Tarim block beneath western Tibet. The model results, together with the well‐established geological and geophysical constraints, not only reconcile the first‐order crustal and lithospheric structures of the western Tibetan plateau and Tian Shan, but also confirm a >30 Myr time lag between the initial India‐Asia collision and the far‐field Tian Shan building.
Plain Language Summary
The present‐day Tian Shan in the central Asia is one of the world's greatest mountain ranges, and the India‐Asia collision is generally invoked to account for its Cenozoic uplift. However, the Tian Shan range lies ∼1,500 km to the north of the India‐Asia plate boundary at the surface, and its major uplift in the Cenozoic is >30 Myr later than the onset of India‐Asia collision. The physical mechanism for such a long‐distance stress transfer and such a long‐time delay are still poorly understood. In order to solve this problem, we constructed series of large‐scale 2D thermomechanical numerical models, with considering the major lithospheric heterogeneities of the western Tibet‐Tarim‐Tian Shan‐Junggar area. A novel mechanism for the Tian Shan building is proposed based on the comparisons of numerical models and multiple geological and geophysical observations. The new model indicates that the direct contact and collision between Indian and Tarim lithospheric mantles beneath western Tibet dominates the Cenozoic building of the Tian Shan. The new finding links the Tibetan dynamics with far‐field deformation in the Tian Shan range and sheds new light on the extensive continental deformation in the remote continental interior in response to plate tectonic forcing.
Key Points
A novel mechanism is proposed for the Cenozoic building of Tian Shan based on systematic numerical modeling
The Tian Shan building is strongly controlled by the direct collision between Indian and Tarim lithospheric mantles beneath western Tibet
The new model reconciles multiple observational constraints and long time lag between the India–Asia collision and Tian Shan reactivation
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The Meso-Tethyan oceanic plateaus are becoming conspicuous as giant units on the oceanic floor and have played important roles in both continental marginal orogenesis and Tethys oceanic evolution. In ...this study, we present mineralogical, geochronological, geochemical and Sm–Nd isotopic data for basaltic lavas from the Namco ophiolite and a high-Mg pillow lava–dyke–gabbro association from the Pengco ophiolite in central Tibet. Zircon U–Pb and Ar–Ar dating reveals that the Namco lavas erupted at ∼181 Ma while the Pengco boninitic association formed at ∼164 Ma. The Namco lavas display nearly flat rare-earth element (REE) patterns with no Nb–Ta depletions as well as high εNd values, characteristic of oceanic plateau lava. In contrast, the Pengco high-Mg rocks exhibit low REE concentrations below the normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-MORB), ubiquitous Nb–Ta depletions and low εNd values, and the dykes and gabbros are characterized by U-shape REE patterns, indicating that they could have derived from a depleted mantle source that was contaminated by sedimentary flux and marking a mid-Jurassic initial intra-oceanic arc magmatism erupted on the Early Jurassic Meso-Tethyan oceanic plateau represented by the Namco ophiolite. Our Pengco boninitic rocks, along with the literature data, indicate a 167–160 Ma boninitic-like initial intra-oceanic arc within the Bangong Meso-Tethys, running from the Shiquanhe area to the Naqu area with a length of ∼1000 km, which was uniformly built on the Early Jurassic Meso-Tethyan oceanic plateau. Our literature investigation also indicates a ∼175 Ma accretionary orogeny with distinct signature of the oceanic plateau involvements along the southern Qiangtang continental margin, which is manifested by regional metamorphic, magmatic and depositional records. We thus suggest that the accretion of the Early Jurassic Meso-Tethyan oceanic plateau onto the southern Qiangtang continental margin resulted in the extensive orogeny along the continental margin, jammed the subduction zone at ∼175 Ma and induced intra-oceanic subduction initiation as well as the intra-oceanic infant arc magmatism in the Meso-Tethys at ∼164 Ma.
Display omitted
•The Pengco high-Mg magmatic association in central Tibet was dated at ∼164 Ma.•They derived from a depleted mantle source contaminated by sedimentary flux.•They represent nascent intra-oceanic arc magmatism.•A mid-Jurassic infant intra-oceanic arc existed within the Bangong Meso-Tethys.•The arc could be induced by accretion of Early Jurassic oceanic plateau at ∼175 Ma.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
PDF
