With the rapid development of information technology, the scale of complex networks is increasing, which makes the spread of diseases and rumors harder to control. Identifying the influential nodes ...effectively and accurately is critical to predict and control the network system pertinently. Some existing influential nodes detection algorithms do not consider the impact of edges, resulting in the algorithm effect deviating from the expected. Some consider the global structure of the network, resulting in high computational complexity. To solve the above problems, based on the information entropy theory, we propose an influential nodes evaluation algorithm based on the entropy and the weight distribution of the edges connecting it to calculate the difference of edge weights and the influence of edge weights on neighbor nodes. We select eight real-world networks to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm. We verify the infection size of each node and top-10 nodes according to the ranking results by the SIR model. Otherwise, the Kendall Formula: see text coefficient is used to examine the consistency of our algorithm with the SIR model. Based on the above experiments, the performance of the LENC algorithm is verified.
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This study analyzes the performance of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)-inspired multi-cell wideband single-hop backhaul millimeter-wave-in-band-full-duplex (IBFD)-integrated access and ...backhaul (IAB) networks using stochastic geometry. We modeled the wired-connected Next Generation NodeBs (gNBs) as the Matérn hard-core point process (MHCPP) to meet real-world deployment requirements and reduce the cost caused by wired connections in the network. We first derive association probabilities that reflect the likelihood that typical user-equipment is served by a gNB or an IAB-node based on the maximum long-term averaged biased-received-desired-signal power criteria. Furthermore, by leveraging the composite Gamma-Lognormal distribution, we derived the closed-form signal to interference plus noise ratio coverage, capacity with outage, and ergodic capacity of the network. To avoid underestimating the noise, we consider the sidelobe gain on the inter-cell interference links and analog-to-digital converter quantization noise. Compared with half-duplex transmission, the numerical results show an enhanced capacity with outage and ergodic capacity provided by the IBFD under successful self-interference cancellation. We also study how the power bias and density ratio of the IAB-node to gNB and the hard-core distance can affect system performance.
How to efficiently activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in a complex water matrix to degrade organic pollutants still needs greater efforts, and cobalt-based bimetallic nanomaterials are desirable ...catalysts. In this paper, sea urchin-like NiCo2O4 nanomaterials were successfully prepared and comprehensively characterized for their structural, morphological and chemical properties via techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), among others. The sea urchin-like NiCo2O4 nanomaterials exhibited remarkable catalytic performance in activating PMS to degrade phenol. Within the NiCo2O4/PMS system, the removal rate of phenol (50 mg L−1, 250 mL) reached 100% after 45 min, with a reaction rate constant k of 0.091 min−1, which was 1.4-times higher than that of the monometallic compound Co3O4/PMS system. The outstanding catalytic activity of sea urchin-like NiCo2O4 primarily arises from the synergistic effect between Ni and Co ions. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of key parameters influencing the catalytic activity of the sea urchin-like NiCo2O4/PMS system, including reaction temperature, initial pH of solution, initial concentration, catalyst and PMS dosages and coexisting anions (HCO3−, Cl−, NO3− and humic acid), was conducted. Cycling experiments show that the material has good chemical stability. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching experiments verified that both radical activation (SO4•−, •OH, O2•−) and nonradical activation (1O2) are present in the NiCo2O4/PMS system. Finally, the possible degradation pathways in the NiCo2O4/PMS system were proposed based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Favorably, sea urchin-like NiCo2O4-activated PMS is a promising technology for environmental treatment and the remediation of phenol-induced water pollution problems.
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In this paper, capacitive-type humidity sensors were prepared by sequentially drop-coating the aqueous suspensions of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanopowders and polyvinyl pyrrolidone-reduced graphene oxide ...(PVP-RGO) nanocomposites onto interdigitated electrodes. Significant improvements in both sensitivity and linearity were achieved for the ZnO/PVP-RGO sensors compared with the PVP-RGO/ZnO, PVP-RGO, and ZnO counterparts. Moreover, the produced ZnO/PVP-RGO sensors exhibited rather small hysteresis, fast response-recovery time, and long-term stability. Based on morphological and structural analyses, it can be inferred that the excellent humidity sensing properties of the ZnO/PVP-RGO sensors may be attributed to the high surface-to-volume ratio of the multilayer structure and the supporting roles of the PVP-RGO nanocomposites. The results in this work hence provide adequate guidelines for designing high-performance humidity sensors that make use of the multilayer structure of semiconductor oxide materials and PVP-RGO nanocomposites.
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Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) plays an important inhibitory role in anti-tumor responses, so it is considered as a powerful candidate gene for individual's genetic susceptibility to cancer. ...Recently, some epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between PD-1 polymorphisms and cancer risk. However, the results of the studies are conflicting. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed. We identified all studies reporting the relationship between PD-1 polymorphisms and cancers by electronically searches. According to the inclusion criteria and the quality assessment of Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), only high quality studies were included. A total of twelve relevant studies involving 5,206 cases and 5,174 controls were recruited. For PD-1.5 (rs2227981) polymorphism, significantly decreased cancer risks were obtained among overall population, Asians subgroup and population-based subgroup both in TT vs. CC and TT vs. CT+CC genetic models. In addition, a similar result was also found in T vs. C allele for overall population. However, there were no significant associations between either PD-1.9 (rs2227982) or PD-1 rs7421861 polymorphisms and cancer risks in all genetic models and alleles. For PD-1.3 (rs11568821) polymorphism, we found different cancer susceptibilities between GA vs. GG and AA vs. AG+GG genetic models, and no associations between AA vs. GG, AA+AG vs. GG genetic models or A vs. G allele and cancer risks. In general, our results firstly indicated that PD-1.5 (rs2227981) polymorphism is associated a strongly decreased risk of cancers. Additional epidemiological studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Uncontrolled growth, distant metastasis and chemoresistance are critical characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and they result in high mortality; however, the mechanisms ...triggering these effects have not been fully investigated. In this study, we analysed a dataset in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and identified PCDH1, a rarely studied transmembrane protein, as a novel prognostic marker in PDAC patients. We demonstrated that PCDH1 expression was upregulated in PDAC tissues, and its expression levels were associated with the depth of tumour invasion and lymph node metastasis. Patients with high PCDH1 levels showed poor overall survival (OS). We also investigated the biological significance of PCDH1 in PDAC cell growth, metastasis, and side population (SP) phenotype acquisition and explored the internal molecular mechanisms of PCDH1 action. Our results demonstrated that PCDH1 enhanced p65 nuclear localization by interacting with KPNB1, a well-characterized nuclear transporter, thereby activating the NF-κB signalling pathway and increasing its functional effects during PDAC progression. Hence, our results indicate that PCDH1 can be used as a negative prognostic marker and may be a potential therapeutic target for PDAC patients.
LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) became a research hot point because of its low cost, environmental friendliness, and excellent electrochemical performance. However, Li+/Ni2+ intermixing is an essential ...factor affecting its applicability. Doping could be an important method to improve the electrochemical performance of NCM811-based cathode materials. In this work, La and Al co-doped NCM811 was prepared by a solid-state method. Results from X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electrochemical performance were discussed in depth. These showed that when La and Al doping concentrations were 1 and 0.5%, the samples showed the best performance. The as-improved performances were mainly attributed to the reduced Li+/Ni2+ intermixing, suppressed phase transition, and decreased potential polarization and impedance.
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