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•An assessment system of RESs demand was developed based on environmental risk theory.•The majority (78.16%) of neighborhoods have inadequate RESs supply to meet the demand.•RESs’ ...social inequality existed in Wuhan.•Females, low-income and low-educated groups experience a greater supply–demand gap.
Rapid urbanization in high-density cities has resulted in supply–demand imbalances and inequalities of urban ecosystem services (ESs), necessitating integrated ESs assessment for managing regulating ecosystem services (RESs). Previous research has mainly focused on ESs supply, largely neglecting ESs demand measurement. To address this gap, this study proposes an evaluation system that considers environmental risks to analyze RESs supply–demand mismatch and social equality in Wuhan’s central area. Our research findings demonstrate that the supply capacity of RESs is closely linked to the distribution of land use, whereas the demand capacity of RESs is influenced by the areas’ environmental risks, such as hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Additionally, our study reveals that 78.16% of neighborhoods in Wuhan experience a shortfall RESs, indicating that the demand for these services exceeds the supply. This imbalance gap decreases from the city center to the periphery. Notably, social inequalities exist in the allocation of RESs in Wuhan, with women and people residing in low-price houses in central areas, as well as the floating and low-educated population in marginal areas, experiencing more significant supply–demand imbalances. This study offers valuable insights into promoting the balance construction of urban ecological environments and advancing social equality through resilient urban planning.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
New Zealand has a reputation for having one of the most inclusive education systems in the world. However, research and anecdotal evidence show that many parents of young children with disabilities ...have difficulties accessing intervention and health-care services and may be less satisfied when they do receive services. In addition, though a plethora of research has been done on inclusive education, little attention has been given by researchers to low-income parents’ perspectives on early childhood inclusion in New Zealand. This paper draws on findings from a qualitative study on 30 parents’ experiences of early childhood inclusive education in New Zealand. Parents participating in this study came from different religious backgrounds, represented diverse ethnicities, all had at least one child who had a diagnosis of disabilities and/or chronical illness, and met the low-income criteria of New Zealand. Results showed that though the majority of the families appreciated the flexible time and structures of the early childhood programs their children attended, parents were concerned about the lack of intervention services for their children. In addition, these low-income families reported that they had limited access to early interventions and resources. The findings also highlight the importance of the use of positive coping methods (e.g., maintaining a positive outlook and seeking social support), and the role faith plays in family life.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Solomon’s paradox of wise reasoning, in which performance of wisdom differs when reasoning on an issue in one’s own life vs. another’s life, has been supported by robust evidence. However, the ...underlying psychological mechanism remains unclear. This asymmetry of wise reasoning may be explained by the different mindsets of self-transcendence when people reason about various conflicts (personal vs. others’), and mood should play a fundamental role. To explore this issue, three hundred ninety-nine participants were recruited to test a hypothesized model. The results supported the effect of Solomon’s paradox—that is, participants endorsed wise-reasoning strategies more strongly when resolving others’ social conflicts than their own. Further mediation analysis showed that the sequential mediation model was supported. Solomon’s paradox can be explained by the difference in positive affect and self-transcendence when reasoning about the two conflicts. This study directly verifies the mediating role of self-transcendence in Solomon’s paradox. At the same time, reasoning about personal affairs reduces individuals’ self-transcendence mindset, and positive affect can explain the differences. These results are helpful for understanding and effectively avoiding Solomon’s wisdom dilemma.
The quick and precise assessment of rice distribution by remote sensing technology is important for agricultural development. However, mountain rice is limited by the complex terrain, and its ...distribution is fragmented. Therefore, it is necessary to fully use the abundant spatial, temporal, and spectral information of remote sensing imagery. This study extracted 22 classification features from Sentinel-2 imagery (spectral features, texture features, terrain features, and a custom spectral-spatial feature). A feature selection method based on the optimal extraction period of features (OPFSM) was constructed, and a multitemporal feature combination (MC) was generated based on the separability of different vegetation types in different periods. Finally, the extraction accuracy of MC for mountain rice was explored using Random Forest (RF), CatBoost, and ExtraTrees (ET) machine learning algorithms. The results show that MC improved the overall accuracy (OA) by 3–6% when compared to the feature combinations in each rice growth stage, and by 7–14% when compared to the original images. MC based on the ET classifier (MC-ET) performed the best for rice extraction, with the OA of 86%, Kappa coefficient of 0.81, and F1 score of 0.95 for rice. The study demonstrated that OPFSM could be used as a reference for selecting multitemporal features, and the MC-ET classification scheme has high application potential for mountain rice extraction.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Convective–radiative radial fins with base convective heating were analyzed.•Homogeneous material and functionally graded material fins were investigated.•Fin efficiency and the effects of ...dimensionless parameters in fins were analyzed.
This paper studies a radial fin of uniform thickness with convective heating at the base and convective–radiative cooling at the tip. The fin is assumed to experience uniform internal heat generation. The exposed surfaces of the fin lose heat by simultaneous convection and radiation to the surroundings. Two types of fin materials are investigated: homogeneous material and functionally graded material (FGM). For the homogeneous material, the thermal conductivity is assumed to be a linear function of temperature, while for the FGM fin the thermal conductivity is modeled as a linear function of the dimensionless radial coordinate. The analysis is conducted using the differential transformation method (DTM). The accuracy of DTM is verified by comparing the results for the simplified versions of the present model with an exact analytical solution derived here. Once the accuracy of DTM is authenticated, the method is used to generate results for the general problem formulated here. These results illustrate the effects of various dimensionless parameters on the thermal performance of homogeneous material fins and FGM fins.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Recently, experimental results have demonstrated that perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (p-MTJ) with the antiferromagnetic(AFM)/ferromagnetic (FM)/oxide structure can achieve field-free ...spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching since the AFM metal strip can not only generate the SOT, but also provide an exchange bias (HEX), making it suitable for practical applications. However, owing to that the HEX is weak, such field-free SOT switching is incomplete, thus resulting in severe switching reliability. In addition, a large SOT switching current (ISOT) is also required, leading to high switching energy dissipation. In this paper, to address these issues, the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) is introduced to assist the SOT switching, and such novel switching method is referred as voltage-gated SOT (VGSOT). First, we develop a physics-based compact model for the three-terminal VGSOT-MTJ device, which includes three modules, i.e., the electrical module, the tunnel magnetoresistance module and the dynamic switching module. Then, the impact of the VCMA effect on the field-free SOT switching is investigated by solving a modified Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation with consideration of the VCMA, SOT and HEX. Simulation results show that thanks to the introduction of the VCMA effect, the critical ISOT can be reduced greatly, and the incomplete field-free SOT switching can be completed. With further analysis, we obtain a special switching condition, under which complete SOT field-free switching can be achieved with a shortest path and ultra-low power. Moreover, a novel write pulse scheme is proposed to achieve high speed and reliability.
This study reports data on early childhood teachers' perspectives of early childhood inclusive education in New Zealand. A qualitative method was employed for this research. The process included an ...internet survey questionnaire which was sent out to early childhood teachers across New Zealand. The results indicated that though early childhood teachers believed that in general, early childhood programmes in New Zealand were flexible and welcoming, they found that their programmes did not effectively respond to children with special needs. Teachers also reported the strategies they used and the difficulties that must be overcome for the successful inclusion of young children with disabilities. Implications and suggestions for the implementation of effective inclusive early childhood services are included.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Conductive paper has the advantages of being low-cost, lightweight, disposable, flexible, and foldable, giving it promising potential in future electronics. However, mainstream conductive papers are ...opaque and rigid, which seriously affect the wide application of conductive paper. In this paper, we demonstrate a highly transparent, flexible, and conductive paper, fabricated by mixing cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with silver nanowires (AgNWs) and then plasticizing with choline chloride/urea solvent. The as-prepared CNF/AgNW paper showed high transparency (~90% transmittance) and flexibility (~27% strain), and low sheet resistance (56 Ω/sq). Moreover, the resistance change of CNF/AgNW paper increased only ~1.1% after 3000 bending-unbending cycles under a 150° large angle, implying a long working life and stability. In view of this, our methodology has the potential to open a new powerful route for fabrication of paper-based green electronics.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Membrane technology using well-defined pore structure can achieve high ion purity and recovery. However, fine-tuning the inner pore structure of the separation nanofilm to be uniform and enhance the ...effective pore area is still challenging. Here, we report dendrimers with different peripheral groups that preferentially self-assemble in aqueous-phase amine solution to facilitate the formation of polyamide nanofilms with a well-defined effective pore range and uniform pore structure. The high permeabilities are maintained by forming asymmetric hollow nanostripe nanofilms, and their well-designed ion effective separation pore ranges show an enhancement, rationalized by molecular simulation. The self-assembled dendrimer polyamide membrane provides Cl
/SO
selectivity more than 17 times that of its pristine polyamide counterparts, increasing from 167.9 to 2883.0. Furthermore, the designed membranes achieve higher Li purity and Li recovery compared to current state-of-the-art membranes. Such an approach provides a scalable strategy to fine-tune subnanometre structures in ion separation nanofilms.
Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically porous transition metal oxides, particularly those involving different metal ions of mixed valence states and constructed from interconnected nano-building ...blocks directly grown on conductive current collectors, are promising electrode candidates for energy storage devices such as Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs). This study reports a facile and scalable chemical bath deposition process combined with simple calcination for fabricating 3D hierarchically porous Zn–Ni–Co oxide (ZNCO) nanosheet arrays directly grown on Ni foam with robust adhesion. The resulting nanostructures are then evaluated as a binder-free electrode for LIBs and SCs. Given its unique architecture and compositional advantages, the electrode exhibits a reversible capacity of 1131 mA h g −1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g −1 , an excellent long-term cycling stability at a high current density of 1 A g −1 for 1000 cycles, and a desirable rate capability when tested as an anode for LIBs. When used for SCs, the electrode demonstrates a high specific capacitance (1728 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 ), an outstanding rate capability (72% capacitance retention from 1 A g −1 to 50 A g −1 ), and an excellent cycling stability (capacitance of 1655 F g −1 after 5000 cycles at a current density of 20 A g −1 with 108.6% retention). Overall, the unique 3D hierarchically porous ZNCO nanosheets hold a great promise for constructing high-performance energy storage devices.
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