Membrane technology using well-defined pore structure can achieve high ion purity and recovery. However, fine-tuning the inner pore structure of the separation nanofilm to be uniform and enhance the ...effective pore area is still challenging. Here, we report dendrimers with different peripheral groups that preferentially self-assemble in aqueous-phase amine solution to facilitate the formation of polyamide nanofilms with a well-defined effective pore range and uniform pore structure. The high permeabilities are maintained by forming asymmetric hollow nanostripe nanofilms, and their well-designed ion effective separation pore ranges show an enhancement, rationalized by molecular simulation. The self-assembled dendrimer polyamide membrane provides Cl
/SO
selectivity more than 17 times that of its pristine polyamide counterparts, increasing from 167.9 to 2883.0. Furthermore, the designed membranes achieve higher Li purity and Li recovery compared to current state-of-the-art membranes. Such an approach provides a scalable strategy to fine-tune subnanometre structures in ion separation nanofilms.
Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically porous transition metal oxides, particularly those involving different metal ions of mixed valence states and constructed from interconnected nano-building ...blocks directly grown on conductive current collectors, are promising electrode candidates for energy storage devices such as Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs). This study reports a facile and scalable chemical bath deposition process combined with simple calcination for fabricating 3D hierarchically porous Zn–Ni–Co oxide (ZNCO) nanosheet arrays directly grown on Ni foam with robust adhesion. The resulting nanostructures are then evaluated as a binder-free electrode for LIBs and SCs. Given its unique architecture and compositional advantages, the electrode exhibits a reversible capacity of 1131 mA h g −1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g −1 , an excellent long-term cycling stability at a high current density of 1 A g −1 for 1000 cycles, and a desirable rate capability when tested as an anode for LIBs. When used for SCs, the electrode demonstrates a high specific capacitance (1728 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 ), an outstanding rate capability (72% capacitance retention from 1 A g −1 to 50 A g −1 ), and an excellent cycling stability (capacitance of 1655 F g −1 after 5000 cycles at a current density of 20 A g −1 with 108.6% retention). Overall, the unique 3D hierarchically porous ZNCO nanosheets hold a great promise for constructing high-performance energy storage devices.
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•Novel super-paramagnetic bone cement containing SiO2-modified nano Mn-Zn-Cu-Gd ferrites in an acidic calcium phosphate matrix is prepared.•The novel cement is injectable, ...anti-washout, degradable, and radiopaque.•The novel cement can realize self-controlled hyperthermia around a Curie temperature of 65 ℃.•The novel non-cytotoxic cement shows good cell affinity and enhanced cell mineralization ability.
Hyperthermia treatment with magnetic bone cement can not only realize the highly targeted treatment of the deep-seated bone tumor but also repair the weakened bone tissue. However, the potential risk of overheating limits the use of this material. Herein, we report a novel super-paramagnetic injectable radiopaque bone cement (MSBC) that can control hyperthermia temperature by itself. The injectable MSBC was prepared by incorporating SiO2-modified nano Mn-Zn-Cu-Gd ferrites into an acidic calcium phosphate cement matrix. The SiO2 layer on the ferrites protects the oxides from reacting with the acid matrix vigorously to keep the good magnetic property. The acid matrix allows the ferrites to degrade gradually and almost one-tenth of MSBC degrades after soaking in phosphate buffer solution for 28 days. Moreover, MSBC can realize self-controlled hyperthermia around Curie temperature (65 ℃) in vitro under an alternating magnetic field. The X-ray transmission results show that the radiopacity of MSBC is significantly enhanced in comparison to the matrix. Furthermore, MSBC shows no cytotoxicity and can promote the mineralization ability of osteoblasts. Overall, this novel magnetic bone cement provides a new avenue for improving the thermal safety of magnetic hyperthermia treatment of bone tumors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
44.
Nanoenergetic Materials for MEMS: A Review Rossi, C.; Kaili Zhang; Esteve, D. ...
Journal of microelectromechanical systems,
08/2007, Volume:
16, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
New energetic materials (EMs) are the key to great advances in microscale energy-demanding systems as actuation part, igniter, propulsion unit, and power. Nanoscale EMs (nEMs) particularly offer the ...promise of much higher energy densities, faster rate of energy release, greater stability, and more security (sensitivity to unwanted initiation). nEMs could therefore give response to microenergetics challenges. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current research activities in nEMs for microenergetics application. While thermodynamic calculations of flame temperature and reaction enthalpies are tools to choose desirable EMs, they are not sufficient for the choice of good material for microscale application where thermal losses are very penalizing. A strategy to select nEM is therefore proposed based on an analysis of the material diffusivity and heat of reaction. Finally, after a description of the different nEMs synthesis approaches, some guidelines for future investigations are provided.
Abstract
Tumour–stroma cell interactions impact cancer progression and therapy responses. Intercellular communication between fibroblasts and cancer cells using various soluble mediators has often ...been reported. In this study, we find that a zinc-transporter (ZIP1) positive tumour-associated fibroblast subset is enriched after chemotherapy and directly interconnects lung cancer cells with gap junctions. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify several fibroblast subpopulations, among which
Zip1
+
fibroblasts are highly enriched in mouse lung tumours after doxorubicin treatment. ZIP1 expression on fibroblasts enhances gap junction formation in cancer cells by upregulating connexin-43. Acting as a Zn
2+
reservoir, ZIP1
+
fibroblasts absorb and transfer Zn
2+
to cancer cells, leading to ABCB1-mediated chemoresistance. Clinically, ZIP1
high
stromal fibroblasts are also associated with chemoresistance in human lung cancers. Taken together, our results reveal a mechanism by which fibroblasts interact directly with tumour cells via gap junctions and contribute to chemoresistance in lung cancer.
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•10–12% High power conversion efficiency is achieved by halogenated ITIC and BDT polymer.•Fluorinated, chlorinated and brominated ITIC acceptor all fit BDT-BDD backboned donor.•70% FF ...are achieved by all halogenated ITIC based devices.
Acceptor halogenation is an excellent modification method for modulating molecular energy levels, improving optical absorption, shortening the intermolecular packing distance thus ameliorating morphologies and achieving effective exciton dissociation and charge transfer of organic photovoltaic device. In this work, F, Cl and Br terminated ITIC small molecule acceptor (SMA) derivatives (IT-2F, IT-2Cl and IT-2Br) are designed and synthesized to compare the halogen substitution effect. Among these three acceptors, IT-2F based PSCs devices show the highest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) around 12.08%, but Br terminated ITIC show downshifted LUMO energy level. Brominated ITIC show comparable PCEs with Cl and F terminated compound, and moreover chlorinated and brominated ITIC show low synthesis cost and easy purification than fluorinated materials, which may be favorable for future commercialization.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Maxillary skeletal expanders (MSE) is effective for the treatment of maxillary transverse deformity. The purpose of the study was to analyse the palatal bone thickness in the of MSE implantation in ...patients with skeletal class III malocclusion.
A total of 80 adult patients (40 males, 40 females) with an average angle before treatment were divided into two groups, the skeletal class III malocclusion group and the skeletal I malocclusion group, based on sagittal facial type. Each group consisted of 40 patients, with a male to female ratio of 1:1. A cone-beam computed tomography scanner was employed to obtain DICOM data for all patients. The palatal bone thickness was measured at 45 sites with MIMICS 21.0 software, and SPSS 22.0 software was employed for statistical analysis. The bone thickness at different regions of the palate in the same group was analysed with one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Fisher's least significant difference-t method was used for the comparison of pairs, and independent sample t test was employed to determine the significance of differences in the bone thickness at the same sites between the two groups.
Palatal bone thickness was greater in the middle region of the midline area (P < 0.01), while the thickness in the middle and lateral areas in both groups was generally lower (P < 0.001). The bone in the anterior, middle, and posterior regions of the two groups became increasingly thin from the middle area toward the parapalatine region. The palatal bone was significantly thinner in the area 9.0 mm before the transverse palatine suture in the midline area, 9.0 mm before and after the transverse palatine suture in the middle area, and 9.0 mm after the transverse palatine suture in the lateral area.
The palatal bone was thinner in patients with class III malocclusion than in patients with class I malocclusion, with significant differences in some areas. The differences in bone thickness should be considered when MSE miniscrews are implanted. The anterior and middle palatal areas are safer for the implantation of miniscrews, while the thinness of the posterior palatal bone increases the risk of the miniscrews falling off and perforating.
Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is critical in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. However, the effect of ALHD2 on liver fibrosis remains to be further elucidated. This ...study aimed to demonstrate whether ALDH2 regulates carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver fibrosis and to investigate the efficacy of Alda‐1, a specific activator of ALDH2, on attenuating liver fibrosis. ALDH2 expression was increased after chronic CCl4 exposure. ALDH2 deficiency accentuated CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis in mice, accompanied by increased expression of collagen 1α1, α‐SMA and TIMP‐1. Moreover, ALDH2 knockout triggered more ROS generation, hepatocyte apoptosis and impaired mitophagy after CCl4 treatment. In cultured HSC‐T6 cells, ALDH2 knockdown by transfecting with lentivirus vector increased ROS generation and α‐SMA expression in an in vitro hepatocyte fibrosis model using TGF‐β1. ALDH2 overexpression by lentivirus or activation by Alda‐1 administration partly reversed the effect of TGF‐β1, whereas ALDH2 knockdown totally blocked the protective effect of Alda‐1. Furthermore, Alda‐1 administration protected against liver fibrosis in vivo, which might be mediated through up‐regulation of Nrf2/HO‐1 cascade and activation of Parkin‐related mitophagy. These findings indicate that ALDH2 deficiency aggravated CCl4‐induced hepatic fibrosis through ROS overproduction, increased apoptosis and mitochondrial damage, whereas ALDH2 activation through Alda‐1 administration alleviated hepatic fibrosis partly through activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 antioxidant pathway and Parkin‐related mitophagy, which indicate ALDH2 as a promising anti‐fibrotic target and Alda‐1 as a potential therapeutic agent in treating CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
To examine the current status of early childhood inclusive education in New Zealand, this article highlights the country's overall structure of inclusive education and other services for individuals ...with special needs. The unique features of early childhood special education services are also highlighted. Challenges to enhance the quality of education and services for young children with special needs, as well as future possibilities in New Zealand, are also discussed.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
As a fundamental computer vision task, image dehazing aims to preprocess degraded images by restoring color contrast and texture information to improve visibility and image quality, thereby the clear ...images can be recovered for subsequent high-level visual tasks, such as object detection, tracking, and object segmentation. In recent years, neural network-based dehazing methods have achieved notable success, with a growing number of Transformer-based dehazing approaches being proposed. Up to now, there is a lack of comprehensive review that thoroughly analyzes Transformer-based image dehazing algorithms. To fill this gap, this paper comprehensively sorts out Transformer-based daytime, nighttime and remote sensing image dehazing algorithms, which not only covers the fundamental principles of various types of dehazing algorithms, but also explores the applicability and performance of these algorithms in different scenarios. In addition, the commonly used datasets and evaluation metrics in image dehazing tasks ar
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