Narcissism and Self-Insight Grijalva, Emily; Zhang, Luyao
Personality & social psychology bulletin,
01/2016, Volume:
42, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The current article reviews the narcissism–self-enhancement literature using a multilevel meta-analytic technique. Specifically, we focus on self-insight self-enhancement (i.e., whether narcissists ...perceive themselves more positively than they are perceived by others); thus, we only include studies that compare narcissists’ self-reports to observer reports or objective measures. Results from 171 correlations reported in 36 empirical studies (N = 6,423) revealed that the narcissism–self-enhancement relationship corrected for unreliability in narcissism was .21 (95% confidence interval CI = .17, .25), and that narcissists tend to self-enhance their agentic characteristics more than their communal characteristics. The average corrected relationship between narcissism and self-enhancement for agentic characteristics was .29 (95% CI = .25, .33), whereas for communal characteristics it was .05 (95% CI = −.01, .10). In addition, we individually summarized narcissists’ self-enhancement for 10 different constructs (i.e., the Big Five, task performance, intelligence, leadership, attractiveness, and likeability).
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Since its debut in 2004, graphene has attracted enormous interest because of its unique properties. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has emerged as an important method for the preparation and ...production of graphene for various applications since the method was first reported in 2008/2009. In this Account, we review graphene CVD on various metal substrates with an emphasis on Ni and Cu. In addition, we discuss important and representative applications of graphene formed by CVD, including as flexible transparent conductors for organic photovoltaic cells and in field effect transistors. Growth on polycrystalline Ni films leads to both monolayer and few-layer graphene with multiple layers because of the grain boundaries on Ni films. We can greatly increase the percentage of monolayer graphene by using single-crystalline Ni(111) substrates, which have smooth surface and no grain boundaries. Due to the extremely low solubility of carbon in Cu, Cu has emerged as an even better catalyst for the growth of monolayer graphene with a high percentage of single layers. The growth of graphene on Cu is a surface reaction. As a result, only one layer of graphene can form on a Cu surface, in contrast with Ni, where more than one layer can form through carbon segregation and precipitation. We also describe a method for transferring graphene sheets from the metal using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). CVD graphene has electronic properties that are potentially valuable in a number of applications. For example, few-layer graphene grown on Ni can function as flexible transparent conductive electrodes for organic photovoltaic cells. In addition, because we can synthesize large-grain graphene on Cu foil, such large-grain graphene has electronic properties suitable for use in field effect transistors.
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Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among females worldwide and its behavior epidemiologically likes a venereal disease of low infectiousness. Early age at first intercourse ...and multiple sexual partners have been shown to exert strong effects on risk. The wide differences in the incidence among different countries also influenced by the introduction of screening. Although the general picture remains one of decreasing incidence and mortality, there are signs of an increasing cervical cancer risk probably due to changes in sexual behavior. Smoking and human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 are currently important issues in a concept of multifactorial, stepwise carcinogenesis at the cervix uteri. Therefore, society-based preventive and control measures, screening activities and HPV vaccination are recommended. Cervical cancer screening methods have evolved from cell morphology observation to molecular testing. High-risk HPV genotyping and liquid-based cytology are common methods which have been widely recommended and used worldwide. In future, accurate, cheap, fast and easy-to-use methods would be more popular. Artificial intelligence also shows to be promising in cervical cancer screening by integrating image recognition with big data technology. Meanwhile, China has achieved numerous breakthroughs in cervical cancer prevention and control which could be a great demonstration for other developing and resource-limited areas. In conclusion, although cervical cancer threatens female health, it could be the first cancer that would be eliminated by human beings with comprehensive preventive and control strategy.
•Previous systematic reviews including depression or anxiety population have provided evidence for the effectiveness of ACT as a psychological intervention for depression disease when compared with ...no intervention.•Our study searched six databases, and finally included 18 studies with low risk and bias, which make the results more comprehensive, accurate and credible compared with previous studies.•This review investigated the effectiveness of ACT on depression reduction and further examine the relationship between different follow-up periods, different degree of depression, and different age of patients through subgroup analysis.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of ACT on depression reduction and further examine the relationship between different follow-up periods, different degree of depression, and different age of patients through subgroup analysis.
Relevant electronic databases were searched from Jan 2010 to Aug 2018, including CNKI, WANFANG, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO. Two reviewers independently screened for eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias of the included studies. The Cochrane Collaboration's bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias for included studies, and Review Manager 5.3 Software for the meta-analysis
18 studies with 1,088 participants were included in the review. Four studies were rated as high-quality studies, and the remaining 14 studies were rated as moderate quality studies. ACT significantly reduced depression as compared with the control group SMD = 0.59, 95% CI (0.38, 0.81). The subgroup analysis found a significant difference between ACT and control group after post-intervention, three months follow up, mild depression group and adults group, SMD= 0.62, 95% CI (0.35, 0.90), SMD= 0.55, 95% CI (0.23, 0.87), SMD= 0.65, 95% CI (0.40, 0.91), SMD= 0.52, 95% CI (0.33, 0.71) respectively.
The heterogeneity between included studies results in heterogeneity of the results. Most of the specific methods for random sequence generation and allocation concealment were not clear. The search results had limitations since only the published studies in Chinese and English were searched and lacked a search for gray and paper documents.
The current study suggested that ACT was significantly for reducing depressive symptoms compared with the control group, especially at three months of follow-up, adult group and mild depression. More research is needed to investigate the difference effects for minor group, moderate and severe depression and long-term follow-up.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Ambient particulate matter pollution is one of the leading causes of global disease burden. Epidemiological studies have revealed the connections between particulate exposure and cardiovascular and ...respiratory diseases. However, until now, the real species of ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs) in humans are still scarcely known. Here we report the discovery and characterization of exogenous nanoparticles (NPs) in human serum and pleural effusion (PE) samples collected from non-occupational subjects in a typical polluted region. We show the wide presence of NPs in human serum and PE samples with extreme diversity in chemical species, concentration, and morphology. Through chemical multi-fingerprinting (including elemental fingerprints, high-resolution structural fingerprints, and stable iron isotopic fingerprints) of NPs, we identify the sources of the NPs to be abiogenic, particularly, combustion-derived particulate emission. Our results provide evidence for the translocation of ambient UFPs into the human circulatory system, and also provide information for understanding their systemic health effects.
•Spatial patterns of soil heavy metals in a Chinese hickory plantations region was investigated.•The soils were contaminated by Cd and Cu.•Moran’s I and geostatistics were applied to reveal spatial ...variation of heavy metals in soils.•The main sources of pollution were related to mining and fertilizer application.
Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) is a famous woody nut in China. Currently, there is an increasing concern related to the soil heavy metal pollution in Chinese hickory plantations. In this study, a total of 188 soil samples were collected from Lin’an city, a typical Chinese hickory production area. The results showed that the average background concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cr in soils were 0.37, 40.76, 87.61, 30.10, 28.33 and 56.57 mg kg−1, respectively. The Cd and Pb concentrations in Chinese hickory plantation soils had strong variability coefficients of 186.49% and 95.42%, respectively. Compared with the background values in Zhejiang province, the heavy metals were enriched in the plantation soils. The accumulation ratio followed the order of Cu > Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cr. Part of the study area was seriously contaminated by Cd and Cu, as 31.38% of soil Cd and Cu samples exceeded the second grade standardized value of Environmental Quality Standards of Soils (EQSS). The soils in our study area generally reached a moderate ecological risk, as its average RI value reached 103. Moran’s I and Kriging interpolation results revealed that all the studied heavy metals in soils had clear spatial distribution patterns. The high values of soil heavy metals (except Pb) were mainly distributed in the localities closest to the mine area. The apportionment of heavy metal pollution sources showed that the Cu, Ni and Cr in soils were mainly related to mining activities, Pb was closely related to fertilizer application, Cd and Zn were related to both. The heavy metals in soils may pose a potential threat to local ecosystem and human health. Our results implied that soil heavy metals should be tested, and risk-based management should be performed in the economic plantations in China. These maps could provide useful information for forestry and environmental management.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Wind energy, as a renewable energy source, offers the advantage of clean and pollution-free power generation. Its abundant resources have positioned wind power as the fastest-growing and most widely ...adopted method of electricity generation. Wind speed stands as a key characteristic when studying wind energy resources. This study primarily focuses on predictive models for wind speed in wind energy generation. The intense intermittency, randomness, and uncontrollability of wind speeds in wind power generation present challenges, leading to high development costs and posing stability challenges to power systems. Consequently, scientifically forecasting wind speed variations becomes imperative to ensure the safety of wind power equipment, maintain grid integration of wind power, and ensure the secure and stable operation of power systems. This holds significant guiding value and significance for power production scheduling institutions. Due to the complexity of wind speed, scientifically predicting its fluctuations is crucial for ensuring the safety of wind power equipment, maintaining wind power integration systems, and ensuring the secure and stable operation of power systems. This research aims to enhance the accuracy and stability of wind speed prediction, thereby reducing the costs associated with wind power generation and promoting the sustainable development of renewable energy. This paper utilizes an improved Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) using complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) to overcome issues in the traditional empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method, such as component mode mixing and white noise interference. Such an approach not only enhances the efficiency of wind speed data processing but also better accommodates strong stochastic and nonlinear characteristics. Furthermore, by employing mathematical analytical methods to compute weights for each component, a dynamic neural network model is constructed to optimize wind speed time series modeling, aiming for a more accurate prediction of wind speed fluctuations. Finally, the optimized HHT-NAR model is applied in wind speed forecasting within the Xinjiang region, demonstrating significant improvements in reducing root mean square errors and enhancing coefficient of determination. This model not only showcases theoretical innovation but also exhibits superior performance in practical applications, providing an effective predictive tool within the field of wind energy generation.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We propose an axiomatic approach to study the superior performance of mechanisms with obviously dominant strategies to those with only dominant strategies. Guided by the psychological inability to ...reason state-by-state, we develop Obvious Preference as a weakening of Subjective Expected Utility Theory. We show that a strategy is an obviously dominant if and only if any Obvious Preference prefer it to any deviating strategy at any reachable information set. Applying the concept of Nash Equilibrium to Obvious Preference, we propose Obvious Nash Equilibrium to identify a set of mechanisms that are more robust than mechanisms with only Nash Equilibria.
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BFBNIB, CEKLJ, INZLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
We report a vapor trapping method for the growth of large-grain, single-crystalline graphene flowers with grain size up to 100 μm. Controlled growth of graphene flowers with four lobes and six lobes ...has been achieved by varying the growth pressure and the methane to hydrogen ratio. Surprisingly, electron backscatter diffraction study revealed that the graphene morphology had little correlation with the crystalline orientation of underlying copper substrate. Field effect transistors were fabricated based on graphene flowers and the fitted device mobility could achieve ∼4200 cm2 V–1 s–1 on Si/SiO2 and ∼20 000 cm2 V–1 s–1 on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Our vapor trapping method provides a viable way for large-grain single-crystalline graphene synthesis for potential high-performance graphene-based electronics.
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This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for treating fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient uterine leiomyomas.OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to ...explore the efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for treating fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient uterine leiomyomas.Ten patients with FH-deficient uterine leiomyomas treated with HIFU ablation at the Third Xiangya Hospital from July 2017 to January 2023 were enrolled in this study. The effectiveness and adverse effects of HIFU were analyzed.METHODTen patients with FH-deficient uterine leiomyomas treated with HIFU ablation at the Third Xiangya Hospital from July 2017 to January 2023 were enrolled in this study. The effectiveness and adverse effects of HIFU were analyzed.The median age of the patients who received HIFU was 32.0 years (range: 28-41 years). Only 2 patients had solitary uterine leiomyomas, whereas the remaining 8 patients had multiple uterine leiomyomas. The median diameter of the largest myoma was 56 mm (range: 41-99 mm). Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the FH-deficient uterine leiomyomas of 8 patients presented as mixed intensity on T2WI, that of one patient was hypointense, and that of another patient was hyperintense on T2WI. All patients successfully underwent HIFU ablation in one session without severe adverse effects. The median nonperfusion volume ratio (NPVR) was 40% (30.0%-78.0%) after HIFU treatment. Four patients had NPVR ≥70%. At 3-month follow-up after HIFU ablation, the clinical symptoms of 5 of the 8 patients with symptoms before treatment were relieved. Six months after treatment, 4 of the 8 patients with symptoms were still in remission. All patients received reintervention by March 2024. The reintervention rates were 20%, 70%, and 90% at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively, after HIFU ablation.RESULTSThe median age of the patients who received HIFU was 32.0 years (range: 28-41 years). Only 2 patients had solitary uterine leiomyomas, whereas the remaining 8 patients had multiple uterine leiomyomas. The median diameter of the largest myoma was 56 mm (range: 41-99 mm). Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the FH-deficient uterine leiomyomas of 8 patients presented as mixed intensity on T2WI, that of one patient was hypointense, and that of another patient was hyperintense on T2WI. All patients successfully underwent HIFU ablation in one session without severe adverse effects. The median nonperfusion volume ratio (NPVR) was 40% (30.0%-78.0%) after HIFU treatment. Four patients had NPVR ≥70%. At 3-month follow-up after HIFU ablation, the clinical symptoms of 5 of the 8 patients with symptoms before treatment were relieved. Six months after treatment, 4 of the 8 patients with symptoms were still in remission. All patients received reintervention by March 2024. The reintervention rates were 20%, 70%, and 90% at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively, after HIFU ablation.HIFU is a safe and feasible treatment for FH-deficient uterine leiomyomas, and most patients show effective results in the short term after treatment. However, the reintervention rates are high, and the long-term effects are limited.CONCLUSIONHIFU is a safe and feasible treatment for FH-deficient uterine leiomyomas, and most patients show effective results in the short term after treatment. However, the reintervention rates are high, and the long-term effects are limited.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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