Food components in our diet provide not only necessary nutrients to our body but also substrates for the mutualistic microbial flora in our gastrointestinal tract, termed the gut microbiome. ...Undigested food components are metabolized to a diverse array of metabolites. Thus, what we eat shapes the structure, composition, and function of the gut microbiome, which interacts with the gut epithelium and mucosal immune system and maintains intestinal homeostasis in a healthy state. Alterations of the gut microbiome are implicated in many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is growing interest in nutritional therapy to target the gut microbiome in IBD. Investigations into dietary effects on the composition changes in the gut microbiome flourished in recent years, but few focused on gut physiology. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the impacts of major food components and their metabolites on the gut and health consequences, specifically within the GI tract. Additionally, the influence of the diet on the gut microbiome-host immune system interaction in IBD is also discussed. Understanding the influence of the diet on the interaction of the gut microbiome and the host immune system will be useful in developing nutritional strategies to maintain gut health and restore a healthy microbiome in IBD.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Three kinds of nano-particles/polymer systems were proposed to modify SK-70 asphalt.•Influences of nano-particles/polymer on the properties of SK-70 asphalt were tested with TFOT, DSR and BBR ...tests.•Morphologies of modified asphalts and SK-70 asphalt were measured with SEM.•The chemical bondings of modified asphalts and SK-70 asphalt were analyzed through FTIR.
At present, most asphalts and modified asphalts cannot meet requirements of both high temperature stability and low temperature cracking resistance simultaneously. Hence, the objective of this paper is to find new modification system to improve the high and low temperature properties of SK-70 base asphalt. In this paper, nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) particles, nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) particles, nano-calcium carbonate (nano-CaCO3) particles, styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR) were selected as modifiers. The modified asphalt samples with three or two kinds of modifiers were prepared, and the softening point, ductility and penetration of modified asphalt samples were measured and compared. Eventually, three optimal nano-particles/polymer modification systems for SK-70 base asphalt including 3%nano-ZnO/0.5%nano-TiO2/3.7%SBS, 5%nano-ZnO/4.2%SBS, 5%nano-CaCO3/4%SBR were proposed. To study the effects of these three optimal modification formulations on high and low temperature properties of base asphalt, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), thin film oven test (TFOT), and beam bending rheometer (BBR) tests were conducted on the asphalt of SK-70 and the nano-particles/polymer modified asphalts. The micro-morphology of SK-70 and the modified asphalts was examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the reactions between modifiers and SK-70 base asphalt were studied by infrared spectrum instrument. From the test results, it was observed that the nano-materials were well dispersed in base asphalt, and could increase the dispersibility of polymer in base asphalt and improve the compatibility between polymer and base asphalt. Furthermore, the nano-materials could improve the high and low temperature properties of SK-70 base asphalt. Additionally, the results also revealed that for polymer modified asphalts the physical reaction between polymers and asphalt played the dominant role in the modification process, while for nano-particles/polymer modified asphalts, both physical and chemical reaction occurred in the modification process.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In this paper, we shall prove the global existence of weak solutions to 3D inhomogeneous incompressible Navier-Stokes system (INS) with initial density in the bounded function space and having a ...positive lower bound and with initial velocity being sufficiently small in the critical Besov space, B˙2,112. This result corresponds to the Fujita-Kato solutions of the classical Navier-Stokes system. The same idea can be used to prove the global existence of weak solutions in the critical functional framework to (INS) with one component of the initial velocity being large and can also be applied to provide a lower bound for the lifespan of smooth enough solutions of (INS).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Allergic diseases are a set of chronic inflammatory disorders of lung, skin, and nose epithelium characterized by aberrant IgE and Th2 cytokine-mediated immune responses to exposed allergens. The ...prevalence of allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, has increased dramatically worldwide in the past several decades. Evidence suggests that diet and nutrition play a key role in the development and severity of allergic diseases. Dietary components can differentially regulate allergic inflammation pathways through host and gut microbiota-derived metabolites, therefore influencing allergy outcomes in positive or negative ways. A broad range of nutrients and dietary components (vitamins A, D, and E, minerals Zn, Iron, and Se, dietary fiber, fatty acids, and phytochemicals) are found to be effective in the prevention or treatment of allergic diseases through the suppression of type 2 inflammation. This paper aims to review recent advances in the role of diet and nutrition in the etiology of allergies, nutritional regulation of allergic inflammation, and clinical findings about nutrient supplementation in treating allergic diseases. The current literature suggests the potential efficacy of plant-based diets in reducing allergic symptoms. Further clinical trials are warranted to examine the potential beneficial effects of plant-based diets and anti-allergic nutrients in the prevention and management of allergic diseases.
Evidence suggests that fasting exerts extensive antitumor effects in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism behind this response is unclear. We investigate the ...effect of fasting on glucose metabolism and malignancy in CRC. We find that fasting upregulates the expression of a cholesterogenic gene, Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1), during the inhibition of CRC cell aerobic glycolysis and proliferation. In addition, the downregulation of FDFT1 is correlated with malignant progression and poor prognosis in CRC. Moreover, FDFT1 acts as a critical tumor suppressor in CRC. Mechanistically, FDFT1 performs its tumor-inhibitory function by negatively regulating AKT/mTOR/HIF1α signaling. Furthermore, mTOR inhibitor can synergize with fasting in inhibiting the proliferation of CRC. These results indicate that FDFT1 is a key downstream target of the fasting response and may be involved in CRC cell glucose metabolism. Our results suggest therapeutic implications in CRC and potential crosstalk between a cholesterogenic gene and glycolysis.
Saliva in the diagnosis of diseases Zhang, Chen-Zi; Cheng, Xing-Qun; Li, Ji-Yao ...
International journal of oral science,
09/2016, Volume:
8, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Saliva is secreted from the salivary glands and has multiple functions, including mouth cleaning and protection, antibacterial effects and digestion. With the rapid advancement in salivaomics, saliva ...is well recognized as a pool of biological markers. Saliva, as a non-invasive and safe source, could be a substitute for blood in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. This review summarizes the latest advancements in saliva-related studies and addresses the potential value of saliva in the early diagnosis of oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease, as well as cancer, diabetes and other systemic disorders. Saliva biomarkers range from changes in the biochemical indices of DNA, RNA and proteins to the diversification of microbiota structures. This study integrates data reported in the recent literature and discusses the clinical significance and prospects for the application of saliva in the early diagnosis of diseases, translational medicine and precision medicine.
Defining a sound shift operator for graph signals, similar to the shift operator in classical signal processing, is a crucial problem in graph signal processing (GSP), since almost all operations, ...such as filtering, transformation, prediction, are directly related to the graph shift operator. We define a set of energy-preserving shift operators that satisfy many properties similar to their counterparts in classical signal processing, but are different from the shift operators defined in the literature, such as the graph adjacency matrix and Laplacian matrix based shift operators, which modify the energy of a graph signal. We decouple the graph structure represented by eigengraphs and the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix or the Laplacian matrix. We show that the adjacency matrix of a graph is indeed a linear shift invariant (LSI) graph filter with respect to the defined shift operator. We further define autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions of signals on the graph, enabling us to obtain the solution to the optimal filtering on graphs, i.e., the corresponding Wiener filtering on graphs and the efficient spectra analysis and frequency domain filtering in parallel with those in classical signal processing. This new shift operator based GSP framework enables the signal analysis along a correlation structure defined by a graph shift manifold as opposed to classical signal processing operating on the assumption of the correlation structure with a linear time shift manifold. Several illustrative simulations are presented to validate the performance of the designed optimal LSI filters.
Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are still confronted with several major challenges, including low energy and power densities, short‐term cycle life, and poor low‐temperature performance, which severely ...hinder their practical applications. Here, a high‐voltage cathode composed of Na3V2(PO4)2O2F nano‐tetraprisms (NVPF‐NTP) is proposed to enhance the energy density of SIBs. The prepared NVPF‐NTP exhibits two high working plateaux at about 4.01 and 3.60 V versus the Na+/Na with a specific capacity of 127.8 mA h g−1. The energy density of NVPF‐NTP reaches up to 486 W h kg−1, which is higher than the majority of other cathode materials previously reported for SIBs. Moreover, due to the low strain (≈2.56% volumetric variation) and superior Na transport kinetics in Na intercalation/extraction processes, as demonstrated by in situ X‐ray diffraction, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, and cyclic voltammetry at varied scan rates, the NVPF‐NTP shows long‐term cycle life, superior low‐temperature performance, and outstanding high‐rate capabilities. The comparison of Ragone plots further discloses that NVPF‐NTP presents the best power performance among the state‐of‐the‐art cathode materials for SIBs. More importantly, when coupled with an Sb‐based anode, the fabricated sodium‐ion full‐cells also exhibit excellent rate and cycling performances, thus providing a preview of their practical application.
A high‐voltage sodium‐super‐ion‐conductor‐type cathode significantly enhances the energy density of sodium‐ion batteries. Its low‐strain crystal lattice during the successive (de‐)sodiation and superior Na transport kinetics promise high‐rate capabilities, long‐term cycle life, superior low‐temperature performance, and excellent full‐cell performance, providing a preview of their practical applications.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Covalent organic frameworks (COF) possess a robust and porous crystalline structure, making them an appealing candidate for energy storage. Herein, we report an exfoliated polyimide COF composite ...(P‐COF@SWCNT) prepared by an in situ condensation of anhydride and amine on the single‐walled carbon nanotubes as advanced anode for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Numerous active sites exposed on the exfoliated frameworks and the various open pathways promote the highly efficient ion diffusion in the P‐COF@SWCNT while preventing irreversible dissolution in the electrolyte. During the charging/discharging process, K+ is engaged in the carbonyls of imide group and naphthalene rings through the enolization and π‐K+ effect, which is demonstrated by the DFT calculation and XPS, ex‐situ FTIR, Raman. As a result, the prepared P‐COF@SWCNT anode enables an incredibly high reversible specific capacity of 438 mA h g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and extended stability. The structural advantage of P‐COF@SWCNT enables more insights into the design and versatility of COF as an electrode.
We prepare a polyimide covalent organic framework composite anode by effective in‐situ condensation of anhydride and amine on the surface of single‐walled carbon nanotubes. The construction of the conductive network accelerates the transport of electron. Dual electroactive sites in the framework, carbonyls and aromatic naphthalene rings, could store more potassium ions by the enolization and π‐K+ effect.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
GCM-SIV2 is a nonce-based beyond-birthday-bound (BBB)-secure authenticated encryption (AE) mode introduced by Iwata and Minematsu at FSE 2017. However, it is built by combining two instances of ...GCM-SIV1 and needs eight keys, which increases the costs of hardware and software implementation. This paper aims to reduce these costs by optimizing components (such as key materials, hash calls, and block cipher calls) and proposes an optimal tradeoff between GCM-SIV1 and GCM-SIV2 called GCM-SIV1.5. Moreover, we introduce the faulty nonce setting to AE and prove the BBB security of GCM-SIV1.5 with graceful security degradation in the faulty nonce setting by mirror theory. Finally, we discuss advantages of GCM-SIV1.5.
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