Junction function: All‐organic isotype heterojunctions are formed through the band alignment of polymeric carbon nitride semiconductors (CN and CNS, see scheme), improving the efficiency of charge ...separation and prolonging the lifetime of charge carriers. These polymeric heterostructures demonstrate an excellent performance for heterogeneous photocatalysis, as shown in a hydrogen‐generation assay.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The axially chiral indole-aryl motifs are present in natural products and biologically active compounds as well as in chiral ligands. Atroposelective indole formation is an efficient method to ...construct indole-based biaryls. We report herein the result of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition of 3-alkynylindoles with azonaphthalenes. A class of indole-based biaryls were prepared efficiently with excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 98% yield, 99% ee). Control experiment and DFT calculations illustrate a possible mechanism in which the reaction proceeds via a dearomatization of indole to generate an allene-iminium intermediate, followed by an intramolecular aza-Michael addition. This approach provides a convergent synthetic strategy for enantioselective construction of axially chiral heterobiaryl backbones.
High-performance earth-abundant electrocatalysts for oxygen and hydrogen evolutions are highly desired for renewable energy but remain challenging. Herein, we have developed ultrathin NiFeP ...nanosheets, and merged the NiFeP with a 3D support of sponge-like strutted graphenes (SG). The synthesized NiFeP/SG, a porous monolith, shows efficient electrocatalytic activities for oxygen and hydrogen evolutions in alkaline electrolyte with low overpotentials of 218 and 115 mV, respectively. Using NiFeP/SG as direct catalytic electrodes, the overall water splitting requires a low cell voltage of 1.54 V to achieve a current of 10 mA cm−2. The high performances result from the shifted-up d states caused by iron incorporation, the ultrathin NiFeP, and the 3D network structure of SG. Additionally, NiFeP/SG demonstrates excellent gravimetric catalytic activities, meaningful to aerospace and portables. The material opens the way to a universal robust lightweight catalytic electrode for a variety of applications in electrochemical energy storage and conversion.
Ultrathin NiFeP nanosheets are grown on 3D self-supported strutted-graphene foams. The lightweight porous monolith is directly applied as catalytic electrodes for bifunctionally efficient electrolysis of water. A low voltage of 1.54 V of the electrolyzer drives a current of 10 mA cm−2 for the overall water splitting in alkaline media. Display omitted
•A 3D strutted graphene foam is applied as the high-surface-area conductive stable lightweight support to load catalysts.•Ultrathin NiFeP nanosheets are grown on the graphene foam, serving as self-supported binder-free porous monolithic electrodes.•NiFeP/strutted-graphene shows excellent catalytic activities and remarkable gravimetric activities for both oxygen and hydrogen evolutions.•The catalytic electrode requires a low voltage of 1.54 V to deliver 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting in alkaline media.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
High dietary fructose is a major contributor to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, disturbing tissue and organ functions. Fructose is mainly absorbed into systemic circulation by glucose ...transporter 2 (GLUT2) and GLUT5, and metabolized in liver to produce glucose, lactate, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), uric acid (UA) and methylglyoxal (MG). Its extrahepatic absorption and metabolism also take place. High levels of these metabolites are the direct dangerous factors. During fructose metabolism, ATP depletion occurs and induces oxidative stress and inflammatory response, disturbing functions of local tissues and organs to overproduce inflammatory cytokine, adiponectin, leptin and endotoxin, which act as indirect dangerous factors. Fructose and its metabolites directly and/or indirectly cause oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, autophagy and increased intestinal permeability, and then further aggravate the metabolic syndrome with tissue and organ dysfunctions. Therefore, this review addresses fructose-induced metabolic syndrome, and the disturbance effects of direct and/or indirect dangerous factors on the functions of liver, adipose, pancreas islet, skeletal muscle, kidney, heart, brain and small intestine. It is important to find the potential correlations between direct and/or indirect risk factors and healthy problems under excess dietary fructose consumption.
In crop plants, a high-density genetic linkage map is essential for both genetic and genomic researches. The complexity and the large size of wheat genome have hampered the acquisition of a ...high-resolution genetic map. In this study, we report a high-density genetic map based on an individual mapping population using the Affymetrix Wheat660K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array as a probe in hexaploid wheat. The resultant genetic map consisted of 119 566 loci spanning 4424.4 cM, and 119 001 of those loci were SNP markers. This genetic map showed good collinearity with the 90 K and 820 K consensus genetic maps and was also in accordance with the recently released wheat whole genome assembly. The high-density wheat genetic map will provide a major resource for future genetic and genomic research in wheat. Moreover, a comparative genomics analysis among gramineous plant genomes was conducted based on the high-density wheat genetic map, providing an overview of the structural relationships among theses gramineous plant genomes. A major stable quantitative trait locus (QTL) for kernel number per spike was characterized, providing a solid foundation for the future high-resolution mapping and map-based cloning of the targeted QTL.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hierarchical Mn-Ni2P/NiFe LDH arrays were developed as a self-supported electrode. Because of the synergistic effect and self-supported structure, it presents brilliant bifunctional catalytic ...activities for the HER and UOR. Surprisingly, the voltage of a urea electrolytic cell coupling the HER with the UOR was as low as 1.494 V at 10 mA cm−2.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a prevalent and highly lethal form of glioma, with rapid tumor progression and frequent recurrence. Excessive outgrowth of pericytes in GBM governs the ecology of the ...perivascular niche, but their function in mediating chemoresistance has not been fully explored. Herein, we uncovered that pericytes potentiate DNA damage repair (DDR) in GBM cells residing in the perivascular niche, which induces temozolomide (TMZ) chemoresistance. We found that increased pericyte proportion correlates with accelerated tumor recurrence and worse prognosis. Genetic depletion of pericytes in GBM xenografts enhances TMZ-induced cytotoxicity and prolongs survival of tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) secreted by pericytes activates C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) on GBM cells to enable DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs)-mediated DDR upon TMZ treatment. Disrupting CCL5-CCR5 paracrine signaling through the brain-penetrable CCR5 antagonist maraviroc (MVC) potently inhibits pericyte-promoted DDR and effectively improves the chemotherapeutic efficacy of TMZ. GBM patient-derived xenografts with high CCL5 expression benefit from combined treatment with TMZ and MVC. Our study reveals the role of pericytes as an extrinsic stimulator potentiating DDR signaling in GBM cells and suggests that targeting CCL5-CCR5 signaling could be an effective therapeutic strategy to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy against GBM.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
We developed an efficient MoS2 nanosheet electrode coupled with CeO2via a hydrothermal process to facilitate water adsorption and dissociation, which displayed good HER activity and stability at a ...large current density of 500 mA cm−2. In situ Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of hydroxide ions based on the strengthening of the Ce–O bond during the HER.
Abstract The musculoskeletal system, which is responsible for weight‐bearing, movement, and organ protection, faces many disorders arising from injuries, diseases, and trauma that affect millions of ...people worldwide, resulting in a decreased quality of life and socioeconomic burden. Tissue engineering is at the forefront of current research on tissue regeneration and demonstrates great potential for musculoskeletal tissue repair. Among the numerous grafts available, adhesive hydrogels have demonstrated potential for tissue applications. Despite the surge in the development of bioadhesive hydrogel formulations in recent years, the absence of an evaluation protocol for their formulation has led to the emergence of numerous similar products that do not fully meet the clinical requirements for applicability in musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. This review aims to address this gap by first discussing the design considerations for an ideal bioadhesive hydrogel relevant to successful musculoskeletal tissue repair. By thoroughly reviewing recent research advances in bioadhesive hydrogels, with a particular focus on their applications in facilitating musculoskeletal tissue repair, improvements are proposed in the current evaluation criteria for the development of novel bioadhesive hydrogels for musculoskeletal tissue applications, and several key challenges and research directions for their implementation are summarized.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
An H-plane horn antenna with miniaturized size and increased gain is reported, which is realized by loading slow wave structures (SWSs) inside the shortened horn cavity. The SWSs in the form of ...periodic metal blocks can decelerate the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave traveling to the radiating aperture. So the phase difference between the center and the edges of the aperture enlarged by the shortened longitudinal dimension can be compensated, and the longitudinal length of the horn antenna is significantly reduced. Meanwhile, uniform magnitude distribution of electric fields on the aperture is achieved by cleverly designing the heights of embedded blocks. Thus, the realized gain and aperture efficiency are maximized. The proposed horn antenna is easily fabricated by standard mechanical manufacture process. The longitudinal length of the prototype is 33.3% less than the original horn antenna with the same aperture size. Moreover, the average gain is 1.7 dB higher than the original horn, while maximized aperture efficiency up to 80.7% is achieved.
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