A pilot program focusing on municipal solid waste (MSW) source-separated collection was launched in eight major cities throughout China in 2000. Detailed investigations were carried out and a ...comprehensive system was constructed to evaluate the effects of the eight-year implementation in those cities. This paper provides an overview of different methods of collection, transportation, and treatment of MSW in the eight cities; as well as making a comparative analysis of MSW source-separated collection in China. Information about the quantity and composition of MSW shows that the characteristics of MSW are similar, which are low calorific value, high moisture content and high proportion of organisms. Differences which exist among the eight cities in municipal solid waste management (MSWM) are presented in this paper. Only Beijing and Shanghai demonstrated a relatively effective result in the implementation of MSW source-separated collection. While the six remaining cities result in poor performance. Considering the current status of MSWM, source-separated collection should be a key priority. Thus, a wider range of cities should participate in this program instead of merely the eight pilot cities. It is evident that an integrated MSWM system is urgently needed. Kitchen waste and recyclables are encouraged to be separated at the source. Stakeholders involved play an important role in MSWM, thus their responsibilities should be clearly identified. Improvement in legislation, coordination mechanisms and public education are problematic issues that need to be addressed.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The efficient biological treatment of saline wastewater has been limited by the low activities of microorganisms under saline conditions. High salinity poses unbalance osmotic stress across the cell ...wall and even leads to cell plasmolysis. In this work, we aim to isolate salt-tolerant bacterial strains from activated sludge, and apply them for degrading chemical oxygen demand (COD) of saline organic wastewater. Two salt-tolerant strains were screened and isolated from activated sludge, which was domesticated with salty water for over 300 days. The two strains were identified as Bacillus cereus (strain A) and Bacillus anthracis (strain B) through 16S rRNA sequencing. The degradation characteristics of strain A were explored. The results showed the relative membrane permeability of strain A remained stable under high salt stress, which glycine and proline play an important role to maintain cell osmotic. The protein and soluble sugar amounts of strain were increased by higher salt concentrations. In simulating saline wastewater, the optimum culture temperature, pH, salinity, influent COD concentration and inoculation amount of strain A were 35 °C, 9, 4%, 8000 mg L
, 6%, respectively. Optimal conditions could provide guidance for the treatment of practical saline wastewater. The linear regression model of each impact factor built based on the result PB experiment revealed that cross-linking time has the most significant influence on COD removal for salt-tolerant strains. It will provide theoretical basis for biological treatment of saline organic wastewater.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The implementation of an Environmental Management System (EMS) ISO 14001 is an instrument for achieving a corporate's sustainable development and therefore is an important tool for environmental ...management. Due to rapid economic development, the coating industry is increasing rapidly, resulting in several environmental problems. Many coating firms have adopted EMS; however, quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the environmental performance of EMS have rarely been examined in the literature. This paper proposed an environmental performance evaluation system that enables quantitatively assess the effects of EMS in the coating industry. A four-level framework was structured with 74 indicators and sub-indicators according to the context and characteristics of the coating industry. Divided into two aspects, the legislative system and environmental management performance system, these indicators and sub-indicators covered almost every element of ISO 14001. And the evaluation criteria were closely referred to Chinese coating industry standards and cleaner production regulations. Using analytical hierarchy process and fuzzy membership degree analysis, the weight of each indicator was determined, and evaluation results were achieved. Moreover, using a coating firm in Shanghai as a case study, this paper investigated the impacts of EMS implementation in two successive years after the firm was granted an ISO14001 certificate in 2007. The results indicated that the environmental performance of EMS in the coating firm was satisfactory in 2008, and there was an obvious improvement in 2009, which strongly demonstrated that the evaluation model was scientific and practical. Finally, further improvements are proposed from four aspects, including thoroughly identifying environmental factors, encouraging the development of advanced pollution control technologies, sustaining the improvement process of EMS after the initial adoption, and supporting the involvement of software applications.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
► Resveratrol attenuates As2O3-induced hepatotoxicity. ► Resveratrol decreases As2O3-induced oxidative stress in the liver. ► Resveratrol decreases arsenic retention in the liver. ► Resveratrol ...decreases arsenic toxicity.
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is an environmental pollutant and potent toxicant to humans. However, it also shows substantial anti-cancer activity in individuals with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Unfortunately, As2O3-treated leukemia patients suffer hepatotoxicity. Resveratrol has been demonstrated to have efficient antioxidant and antineoplastic activities. The study that how As2O3 in combination with resveratrol affects hepatotoxicity and arsenic accumulation in the liver is lacking, and the present study tackles this question. Wistar rats were injected with 3mg/kg As2O3 on alternate days; resveratrol (8mg/kg) was administered 1h before As2O3. Rats were killed on the 8th day to determine histological liver damage, the antioxidant enzymes in serum, the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and arsenic accumulation in the liver. In the resveratrol+As2O3 group, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase in serum and GSH/GSSG were significantly increased, histopathological effects were reduced, and arsenic accumulation markedly decreased in the liver, compared with the As2O3-treated group. Thus, resveratrol attenuated As2O3-induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and arsenic accumulation in the liver. These data suggest that use of resveratrol as post-remission therapy of APL and adjunctive therapy in patients with chronic exposure to arsenic may decrease arsenic hepatotoxicity.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Objective·To explore the clinical features of allergy-related obstructive parotitis (AROP) and the ultrasonic characteristics of its duct.Methods·Patients diagnosed with AROP at the Oral Surgery ...Department of Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from October 2020 to October 2022 due to recurrent swelling of parotid gland were included. Clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed, including medical history, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and imaging examinations. Static ultrasound was used to display the morphological characteristics of the AROP duct, ultrasonic images were used to measure the inner diameter at the widest point of duct dilation, and the degree of duct dilation was graded. Dynamic ultrasound was used to show the morphological changes of the duct at the functional state of AROP patients. The value and ratio of duct widening were calculated, and the symptoms of parotid swelling were recorded.Results·Thirty-seven patie
Identifying and locating-dominating codes have been studied widely in circulant graphs. Recently, Ville Junnila et al. (Optimal bounds on codes for location in circulant graphs, Cryptography and ...Communications; 2019) studied identifying and locating-dominating codes in circulants Cn1,d, Cn1,d−1,d, and Cn1,d−1,d,d+1. In this paper, identifying, locating, and self-identifying codes in the circulant graphs Cnk,d, Cnk,d−k,d, and Cnk,d−k,d,d+k are studied, and this extends Junnila et al.’s results to general cases.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway involves in the pathogen recognition and defense against infection in mammals. Considering that avian and mammalian TLR are differentially mediated, the action ...of a natural product on avian TLR4 pathway was unclear. High, medium and low doses of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), were treated the chicken at 7-days-old age by gavage. The sIgA level in the intestinal fluid, the expression of chTLR4 mRNA/protein in bursa of Fabricius as well as the expression of downstream molecules of chTLR4 (chMyD88, chTRIF, chNF-κB, chIRF3, chIFN-β and chTNF-α) were measured on alternate days.
The content of sIgA and the chTLR4 mRNA expression/protein level were increased in non-dose-dependent manner after APS supplement. Also, the expressions of a subset of MyD88-independent pathway genes were more than MyD88-independent, in particular with low doses of APS supplement for 7 days.
These suggest that administration of APS activates chTLR4 pathway in bursa of Fabricius in MyD88-independent pathway. Meanwhile, low dose of APS shows better performance regarding the activation of chTLR4 and regulation of MyD88-independent pathway.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ensuring shaft safety is critical in the process of coal mining. During coal mining in the Guotun coal mine, Shandong Province, China, issues, such as shaft deflection, tank channel and shaft ...deformation, and tank jamming, which did not appear in the shaft before, brought huge hidden dangers to safety. In this study, a set of three-dimensional analog simulation systems for assessing the influence of mining on shaft deflection was designed by using penetration force simulations of gravity fields. In this system, electromagnetic displacement meter is used to collect surface settlement data, which verifies the feasibility of using hydraulic pillow to simulate formation disturbance caused by coal mining. the strain of the shaft is measured by optical fibers and strain gauges, and the amount that mining influenced the deflection of the shaft is obtained. The results show that there is an approximately positive linear correlation between the horizontal displacement of the shaft caused by mining and the mining thickness of the coal. The horizontal displacement of shaft caused by coal mining is inversely proportional to the moving Angle within a reasonable range. The horizontal displacement of shaft is affected by mining mode, and symmetrical mining can significantly reduce the horizontal displacement of shaft. The horizontal displacement of the shaft at different depths caused by mining decreases with increasing shaft depth, which is the main cause of shaft deflection.
A set to locate all eigenvalues for matrices with a constant main diagonal entry is given, and it is proved that this set is tighter than the well-known Geršgorin set, the Brauer set and the set ...proposed in (Linear and Multilinear Algebra, 60:189-199, 2012). Furthermore, by applying this result to Toeplitz matrices as a subclass of matrices with a constant main diagonal, we obtain a set including all eigenvalues of Toeplitz matrices.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
