Transition metal (TM)‐based bimetallic spinel oxides can efficiently activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) presumably attributed to enhanced electron transfer between TMs, but the existing model cannot ...fully explain the efficient TM redox cycling. Here, we discover a critical role of TM−O covalency in governing the intrinsic catalytic activity of Co3−xMnxO4 spinel oxides. Experimental and theoretical analysis reveals that the Co sites significantly raises the Mn valence and enlarges Mn−O covalency in octahedral configuration, thereby lowering the charge transfer energy to favor MnOh–PMS interaction. With appropriate MnIV/MnIII ratio to balance PMS adsorption and MnIV reduction, the Co1.1Mn1.9O4 exhibits remarkable catalytic activities for PMS activation and pollutant degradation, outperforming all the reported TM spinel oxides. The improved understandings on the origins of spinel oxides activity for PMS activation may inspire the development of more active and robust metal oxide catalysts.
The Mn−O covalency was enlarged by the Co sites mainly in the octahedral configuration, which results in a decreased charge transfer energy to favor Mn–PMS interaction and enhance MnIV reduction to boost PMS activation activity of Co‐Mn spinel oxides.
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•The state-of-art of lightweight materials for automobiles is reviewed.•Representative materials are introduced with potential automotive applications, particularly on electric ...vehicles.•Given the recent advances in manufacturing, modeling, and characterization, both pros and cons of materials are summarized.•Solutions for future challenges are highlighted by developing advanced materials and/or improving the manufacturing.
The growing challenges on fuel economy improvement and greenhouse gas emission control have become the driving force for automakers to produce lightweight automobiles. Also, the weight reduction may contribute to superior recyclability and/or vehicle performance (e.g., improved driving economy, braking behaviors, and crashworthiness). One effective strategy is to develop and implement lightweight yet high-performance materials as alternative solutions for conventional automotive materials such as cast iron and steel. Herein, a systematic review of available lightweight materials to produce next-generation automobiles is provided, including light alloys, high-strength steels, composites, and advanced materials in the ongoing research. By investigating the entire life cycle of automotive materials, physical/mechanical properties, characterization, manufacturing techniques, and potential applications of specific lightweight materials are discussed. Both the advantages and drawbacks of the reviewed materials are summarized, yielding the appropriate application scenarios for different lightweight materials. Given the future challenges, on expectations, the development of versatile advanced materials or improvement of the manufacturing/treatment techniques can be rather promising to resolve the possible bottlenecks and, in turn, enables more capable, safer, durable, and environmental-friendly vehicles.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Gold (Au) nanoparticle-embedded covalent organic frameworks (namely Au@COFs) were ingeniously designed and prepared by using a straightforward impregnation-reduction method. This composite not only ...owns outstanding stability, rich π functional sites, superior electroconductibility, high surface area, and well-ordered porous structures, but also possesses relatively strong non-covalent affinity toward aptamers, synergistically resulting in the establishment of highly efficient electrochemical aptasensors for detecting analytes. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), for instance, is selected and investigated as a research model to estimate the feasibility and superiority of Au@COF-based aptasensors. The as-made Au@COF-based aptasensor exhibits awesome sensing performance with the lowest limit of detection of 2.34 fg mL
−1
(7.06 fM) in a concentration range from 1.0 × 10
−5
to 0.5 ng mL
−1
as determined by analyzing electrochemical impedance signals, which is approximately attributed to numerous aptamer strands on the surface of COFs
via
strong π-π stacking interaction and the contribution of electrical conductivity from trapped Au nanoparticles. Concurrently, the fabricated aptasensor reveals excellent repeatability, circularity, selectivity, and stability as well as precise detection capability in a variety of real samples. This strategy provides a workable concept for developing and synthesizing of metal nanoparticle-built-in COF composites and their aptasensors in the extended electrochemical detection field.
An electrochemical aptasensor based on Au@COF is designed and fabricated with excellent electrochemical detection performance.
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been recognized as promising substitutes for current energy‐storage technologies owing to their exceptional advantage in energy density. The main challenge in ...developing highly efficient and long‐life Li–S batteries is simultaneously suppressing the shuttle effect and improving the redox kinetics. Polar host materials have desirable chemisorptive properties to localize the mobile polysulfide intermediates; however, the role of their electrical conductivity in the redox kinetics of subsequent electrochemical reactions is not fully understood. Conductive polar titanium carbides (TiC) are shown to increase the intrinsic activity towards liquid–liquid polysulfide interconversion and liquid–solid precipitation of lithium sulfides more than non‐polar carbon and semiconducting titanium dioxides. The enhanced electrochemical kinetics on a polar conductor guided the design of novel hybrid host materials of TiC nanoparticles grown within a porous graphene framework (TiC@G). With a high sulfur loading of 3.5 mg cm−2, the TiC@G/sulfur composite cathode exhibited a substantially enhanced electrochemical performance.
Li–S batteries: The electrochemical reaction kinetics of reversible polysulfide interconversion and Li2S nucleation/precipitation are substantially enhanced on the conductive and polar surface of titanium carbide, guiding the design of advanced host materials towards high‐energy and stable Li–S batteries.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The transition-metal-catalyzed cleavage of the carbon-nitrogen bond is examined. This is a chemical bond that exists in biomacromolecules and organic molecules.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
X‐ray detectors are widely utilized in medical diagnostics and nondestructive product inspection. Halide perovskites are recently demonstrated as excellent candidates for direct X‐ray detection. ...However, it is still challenging to obtain high quality perovskites with millimeter‐thick over a large area for high performance, stable X‐ray detectors. Here, methylammonium bismuth iodide (MA3Bi2I9) polycrystalline pellets (PPs) are developed by a robust, cost effective, and scalable cold isostatic‐pressing for fabricating X‐ray detectors with low limit of detection (LoD) and superior operational stability. The MA3Bi2I9‐PPs possess a high resistivity of 2.28 × 1011 Ω cm and low dark carrier concentration of ≈107 cm−3, and balanced mobility of ≈2 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons and holes. These merits enable a sensitivity of 563 μC Gyair−1 cm−2, a detection efficiency of 28.8%, and an LoD of 9.3 nGyair s−1 for MA3Bi2I9‐PPs detectors, and the LoD is much lower than the dose rate required for X‐ray diagnostics used currently (5.5 μGyair s−1). In addition, the MA3Bi2I9‐PPs detectors work stably under high working bias field up to 2000 V cm−1 after sensing an integrated dose >320 Gyair with continuous X‐ray radiation, demonstrating its competitive advantage in practical application. These findings provide an approach to explore a new generation of low LoD, stable and green X‐ray detectors based on MA3Bi2I9‐PPs.
MA3Bi2I9 polycrystalline pellets (PPs) are fabricated by the robust, cost‐effective, and scalable cold isostatic‐pressing approach, and X‐ray detectors based on MA3Bi2I9‐PPs reach a limit of detection (LoD) of 9.3 nGyair s−1. The low LoD of the X‐ray detectors can obviously decrease the radiation dose used, thereby reducing health risks in medical diagnostics and security screening.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Chiral propargyl amines are valuable synthetic intermediates for the preparation of biologically active compounds and functionalized amines. Catalytic methods to access propargyl amines containing ...vicinal stereocenters with high diastereoselectivity are particularly rare. We report an unprecedented strategy for the synthesis of enantioenriched propargyl amines with two stereogenic centres. An iridium complex, ligated by a phosphoramidite ligand, catalyzes the hydroalkynylation of β,β‐disubstituted enamides to afford propargyl amides in a highly regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective fashion. Stereodivergent synthesis of all four possible stereoisomers was achieved using this strategy.
One for all: A hydroalkynylation method for the synthesis of enantioenriched propargyl amines with two stereogenic centers was developed. The Ir‐catalyzed hydroalkynylation of β,β‐disubstituted enamides proceeds to give propargyl amides in a highly regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective fashion. Stereodivergent synthesis of all four possible stereoisomers was achieved using this strategy.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Novel 3D Ni1−xCoxSe2 mesoporous nanosheet networks with tunable stoichiometry are successfully synthesized on Ni foam (Ni1−xCoxSe2 MNSN/NF with x ranging from 0 to 0.35). The collective effects of ...special morphological design and electronic structure engineering enable the integrated electrocatalyst to have very high activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and excellent stability in a wide pH range. Ni0.89Co0.11Se2 MNSN/NF is revealed to exhibit an overpotential (η10) of 85 mV at −10 mA cm−2 in alkaline medium (pH 14) and η10 of 52 mV in acidic solution (pH 0), which are the best among all selenide‐based electrocatalysts reported thus far. In particular, it is shown for the first time that the catalyst can work efficiently in neutral solution (pH 7) with a record η10 of 82 mV for all noble metal‐free electrocatalysts ever reported. Based on theoretical calculations, it is further verified that the advanced all‐pH HER activity of Ni0.89Co0.11Se2 is originated from the enhanced adsorption of both H+ and H2O induced by the substitutional doping of cobalt at an optimal level. It is believed that the present work provides a valuable route for the design and synthesis of inexpensive and efficient all‐pH HER electrocatalysts.
An integrated electrocatalyst comprising 3D mesoporous Ni0.89Co0.11Se2 nanosheet networks on Ni foam is synthesized, and it demonstrates very high activities and excellent stabilities for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in all‐pH conditions. Theoretical calculations verify that electronic structure engineering by optimal Co doping enhances the adsorption of H+ and H2O, leading to the advanced all‐pH HER activity of the catalyst.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The organic–inorganic halide CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) has been the most commonly used light absorber layer of perovskite solar cells (PSCs); however, solution‐processed MAPbI3 films usually suffer from ...random crystal orientation and high trap density, resulting in inferior power conversion efficiency (PCE) with open circuit voltage (Voc) being typically below 1.2 V for PSC devices. Herein, for the first time an imidazole sulfonate zwitterion, 4‐(1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium‐3‐yl)butane‐1‐sulfonate (IMS), is applied as a bifunctional additive in regular‐structure planar heterojunction PSC devices to regulate the crystal orientation, yielding highly ordered MAPbI3 film and passivating the trap states of the film. Such a dual effect of IMS is fulfilled via coordination interactions between the sulfonate moiety of IMS with the Pb2+ ion and the electrostatic interaction between the imidazole of IMS with the I– ion of MAPbI3. As a result, under a optimized IMS doping ratio of 0.5 wt%, the PSC device exhibits a significant increase in PCE from 18.77% to 20.84%, with suppressed current–voltage hysteresis and promoted ambient stability. Moreover, a high Voc of 1.208 V is achieved under a higher IMS doping ratio of 1.2 wt%, which is the highest Voc for regular‐structure MAPbI3 planar PSC devices based on TiO2 electron transport layer.
A bifunctional zwitterion additive affords efficiency enhancement of perovskite solar cells: an imidazole sulfonate zwitterion is doped into a CH3NH3PbI3 precursor solution as a bifunctional additive, enabling regulation of crystalline grain orientation and passivation of trap states. As a result, a significant efficiency enhancement and a high open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.208 V are achieved.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Despite the advances in the area of catalytic alkene hydrosilylation, the enantioselective hydrosilylation of alkenes bearing a heteroatom substituent is scarce. Here we report a rhodium‐catalyzed ...hydrosilylation of β,β‐disubstituted enamides to directly afford valuable α‐aminosilanes in a highly regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective manner. Stereodivergent synthesis could be achieved by regulating substrate geometry and ligand configuration to generate all the possible stereoisomers in high enantio‐purity.
A rhodium complex bearing a chiral phosphite ligand catalyzes the hydrosilylation of β,β‐disubstituted enamides to afford valuable α‐aminosilanes in a highly regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective manner. Stereodivergent synthesis is achieved by regulating substrate geometry and ligand enantiomer to generate all the possible stereoisomers in high enantio‐purity.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
