The ginsenoside Rbs are the primary active compounds of Panax ginseng and ginsenoside Rb2 is a renowned component among the Rbs. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of ginsenoside ...Rb2 on coronary heart disease (CHD). H9c2 cells were exposed to H2O2 to establish CHD model in vitro. Gene expression was determined by quantitative realtime PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. Cellular functions were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays. We found that Ginsenoside Rb2 promoted cell proliferation while suppressed oxidative stress and apoptosis of H9c2 cells induced by H2O2 exposure. Mechanistically, Ginsenodise Rb2 involves in the regulation of nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase (HO)-1 signaling pathway. Inactivation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway reversed the effects of ginsenoside Rb2 on H9c2 cells. Taken together, ginsenoside Rb2 exhibited a cardioprotective effect in vitro. The underlying mechanism of ginsenoside Rb2 in H9c2 cells could be standardized to Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, inhibiting cell apoptosis and regaining cell proliferation. The present study has proposed a novel mechanism of ginsenoside Rb2 in the cardioprotective effect.
First, this paper studies the derivation process of the plain Bayesian classification algorithm in big data technology, which is built based on statistics. Then to make up for the feature ...independence assumption of plain Bayes, the plain Bayesian classification algorithm based on feature weighting is proposed to be optimized mainly by the Laplace algorithm, which improves the classification accuracy to a certain extent. Finally, based on the connotation and characteristics of health culture in Shaanxi, the formation and development of health culture theory in Shaanxi are clarified, and policy suggestions are proposed for the development problems of health culture in Shaanxi and the development level of cultural industry in Shaanxi province. The analysis of the health culture industry in Shaanxi is based on the vegetative Bayesian classification algorithm. The results show that the cultural service industry in Shaanxi Province achieved an output value of 41.309 billion yuan, accounting for 63.9% of the added value of the cultural industry in the province. The cultural manufacturing industry in Shaanxi accounts for a large gap with the national level, with a difference of 19.3 percentage points. This study combines big data technology and the advantages of Shaanxi’s healthy cultural resources to provide reasonable countermeasure suggestions to promote the transformation of Shaanxi from a large cultural province to a strong cultural province.
Electroreduction of CO2 into useful fuels, especially if driven by renewable energy, represents a potentially 'clean' strategy for replacing fossil feedstocks and dealing with increasing CO2 ...emissions and their adverse effects on climate. The critical bottleneck lies in activating CO2 into the CO2(•-) radical anion or other intermediates that can be converted further, as the activation usually requires impractically high overpotentials. Recently, electrocatalysts based on oxide-derived metal nanostructures have been shown to enable CO2 reduction at low overpotentials. However, it remains unclear how the electrocatalytic activity of these metals is influenced by their native oxides, mainly because microstructural features such as interfaces and defects influence CO2 reduction activity yet are difficult to control. To evaluate the role of the two different catalytic sites, here we fabricate two kinds of four-atom-thick layers: pure cobalt metal, and co-existing domains of cobalt metal and cobalt oxide. Cobalt mainly produces formate (HCOO(-)) during CO2 electroreduction; we find that surface cobalt atoms of the atomically thin layers have higher intrinsic activity and selectivity towards formate production, at lower overpotentials, than do surface cobalt atoms on bulk samples. Partial oxidation of the atomic layers further increases their intrinsic activity, allowing us to realize stable current densities of about 10 milliamperes per square centimetre over 40 hours, with approximately 90 per cent formate selectivity at an overpotential of only 0.24 volts, which outperforms previously reported metal or metal oxide electrodes evaluated under comparable conditions. The correct morphology and oxidation state can thus transform a material from one considered nearly non-catalytic for the CO2 electroreduction reaction into an active catalyst. These findings point to new opportunities for manipulating and improving the CO2 electroreduction properties of metal systems, especially once the influence of both the atomic-scale structure and the presence of oxide are mechanistically better understood.
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IJS, KISLJ, NUK, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The chemical coupling interaction has been explored extensively to boost heterogeneous catalysis, but the insight into how chemical coupling interaction works on CO2 electroreduction remains unclear. ...Herein we demonstrate how the chemical coupling interaction between porous In2O3 nanobelts and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) could substantially improve the electrocatalytic activity toward CO2 electroreduction. Such an In2O3–rGO hybrid catalyst showed 1.4-fold and 3.6-fold enhancements in Faradaic efficiency and specific current density for the formation of formate at −1.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode relative to the catalyst prepared by physically loading of In2O3 nanobelts onto rGO, respectively. The density functional theory calculations and electrochemical analysis together revealed that the chemical coupling interaction boosted CO2 electroreduction activity by improving electrical conductivity and stabilizing key intermediate HCOO–*. The present work not only deepens an understanding of chemical coupling effect but also provides an effective lever to optimize the catalytic performance toward CO2 electroreduction.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
5.
Single Cell Isolation and Analysis Hu, Ping; Zhang, Wenhua; Xin, Hongbo ...
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology,
10/2016, Volume:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Individual cell heterogeneity within a population can be critical to its peculiar function and fate. Subpopulations studies with mixed mutants and wild types may not be as informative regarding which ...cell responds to which drugs or clinical treatments. Cell to cell differences in RNA transcripts and protein expression can be key to answering questions in cancer, neurobiology, stem cell biology, immunology, and developmental biology. Conventional cell-based assays mainly analyze the average responses from a population of cells, without regarding individual cell phenotypes. To better understand the variations from cell to cell, scientists need to use single cell analyses to provide more detailed information for therapeutic decision making in precision medicine. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in single cell isolation and analysis, which include technologies, analyses and main applications. Here, we summarize the historical background, limitations, applications, and potential of single cell isolation technologies.
•Non-invasive mALPS-index was closely related to the classical detected glymphatic clearance function, providing an alternative method in researches on glymphatic system.•WMHs, lacunas, microbleeds ...and EPVS in basal ganglia were related to glymphatic clearance function.•Glymphatic clearance function was related to cognitive function in CSVD patients.
Few studies have focused on the connection between glymphatic dysfunction and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), partially due to the lack of non-invasive methods to measure glymphatic function. We established modified index for diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (mALPS-index), which was calculated on diffusion tensor image (DTI), compared it with the classical detection of glymphatic clearance function calculated on Glymphatic MRI after intrathecal administration of gadolinium (study 1), and analyzed the relationship between CSVD imaging markers and mALPS-index in CSVD patients from the CIRCLE study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03542734) (study 2). Among 39 patients included in study 1, mALPS-index were significantly related to glymphatic clearance function calculated on Glymphatic MRI ( r = -0.772~-0.844, p < 0.001). A total of 330 CSVD patients were included in study 2. Severer periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities (β = -0.332, p < 0.001; β = -0.293, p < 0.001), number of lacunas (β = -0.215, p < 0.001), number of microbleeds (β = -0.152, p = 0.005), and severer enlarged perivascular spaces in basal ganglia (β = -0.223, p < 0.001) were related to mALPS-index. Our results indicated that non-invasive mALPS-index might represent glymphatic clearance function, which could be applied in clinic in future. Glymphatic clearance function might play a role in the development of CSVD.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A new denoising framework based on deep convolutional neural network for suppressing impulse noise in color images is proposed in this paper. The proposed framework consists of two modules: noise ...detection and image reconstruction, both of which are implemented by a deep convolutional neural network. First, a noise classifier network is trained to detect random-valued impulse noise in a color image, which not only can detect the noisy color vector pixels but also can further identify the corrupted channels of each noisy color pixel. Then, a sparse clean color image is computed by replacing the values of noisy channels with 0 and keeping other noise-free channels unchanged. Finally, the sparse clean color image is fed to another denoiser network to reconstruct the denoised image. Experimental results show that the proposed denoiser outperforms other state-of-the-art methods clearly in both performance measure and visual evaluation.
•Image reconstruction method based on deep convolution neural network.•Deep convolution neural network model for color impulse noise detection.•Channel noise detection technique.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Supported metal clusters containing only a few atoms are of great interest. Progress has been made in synthesis of metal single-atom catalysts. However, precise synthesis of metal dimers on ...high-surface area support remains a grand challenge. Here, we show that Pt
dimers can be fabricated with a bottom-up approach on graphene using atomic layer deposition, through proper nucleation sites creation, Pt
single-atom deposition and attaching a secondary Pt atom selectively on the preliminary one. Scanning transmission electron microscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations suggest that the Pt
dimers are likely in the oxidized form of Pt
O
. In hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane, Pt
dimers exhibit a high specific rate of 2800 mol
mol
min
at room temperature, ~17- and 45-fold higher than graphene supported Pt single atoms and nanoparticles, respectively. These findings open an avenue to bottom-up fabrication of supported atomically precise ultrafine metal clusters for practical applications.
Objective
Aging is a major risk factor for numerous neurological disorders, and the mechanisms underlying brain aging remain elusive. Recent animal studies demonstrated a tight relationship between ...impairment of the glymphatic pathway, meningeal lymphatic vessels, and aging. However, the relationship in the human brain remains uncertain.
Methods
In this observational cohort study, patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and at multiple time points after intrathecal administration of a contrast agent. Head T1‐weighted imaging was performed to assess the function of the glymphatic pathway and head high‐resolution T2–fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging to visualize putative meningeal lymphatic vessels (pMLVs). We measured the signal unit ratio (SUR) of 6 locations in the glymphatic pathway and pMLVs, defined the percentage change in SUR from baseline to 39 hours as the clearance of the glymphatic pathway and pMLVs, and then analyzed their relationships with aging.
Results
In all patients (N = 35), the SUR of the glymphatic pathway and pMLVs changed significantly after intrathecal injection of the contrast agent. The clearance of both the glymphatic pathway and pMLVs was related to aging (all p < 0.05). The clearance of pMLVs was significantly related to the clearance of the glymphatic pathway (all p < 0.05), and the clearance of the glymphatic pathway was significantly faster in patients with early filling of pMLVs than those with late filling (all p < 0.05).
Interpretation
We revealed that both the glymphatic pathway and pMLVs might be impaired in the aging human brain through the novel, clinically available method to simultaneously visualize their clearance. Our findings also support that in humans, pMLVs are the downstream of the glymphatic pathway. Ann Neurol 2020;87:357–369
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Sodium transporters play key roles in plant tolerance to salt stress. Here, we report that a member of the High-Affinity K⁺ Transporter (HKT) family, OsHKT1;1, in rice (Oryza sativa'Nipponbare') ...plays an important role in reducing Na⁺ accumulation in shoots to cope with salt stress. Theoshkt1;1mutant plants displayed hypersensitivity to salt stress. They contained less Na⁺ in the phloem sap and accumulated more Na⁺ in the shoots compared with the wild type.OsHKT1;1was expressed mainly in the phloem of leaf blades and up-regulated in response to salt stress. Using a yeast one-hybrid approach, a novel MYB coiled-coil type transcription factor, OsMYBc, was found to bind to theOsHKT1;1promoter. In vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation and in vitro electrophoresis mobility shift assays demonstrated thatOsMYBcbinds to AAANATNC(C/T) fragments within theOsHKT1;1promoter. Mutation of theOsMYBc-binding nucleotides resulted in a decrease in promoter activity ofOsHKT1;1. Knockout ofOsMYBcresulted in a reduction in NaCl-induced expression ofOsHKT1;1and salt sensitivity. Taken together, these results suggest that OsHKT1;1 has a role in controlling Na⁺ concentration and preventing sodium toxicity in leaf blades and is regulated by theOsMYBctranscription factor.
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