The Salvador-Warts-Hippo (SWH) pathway is a complex signaling network that controls both developmental and regenerative tissue growth. Using a genetic screen in Drosophila melanogaster, we identified ...the sterile 20-like kinase, Tao-1, as an SWH pathway member. Tao-1 controls various biological phenomena, including microtubule dynamics, animal behavior, and brain development. Here we describe a role for Tao-1 as a regulator of epithelial tissue growth that modulates activity of the core SWH pathway kinase cassette. Tao-1 functions together with Hippo to activate Warts-mediated repression of Yorkie. Tao-1's ability to control SWH pathway activity is evolutionarily conserved because human TAO1 can suppress activity of the Yorkie ortholog, YAP. Human TAO1 controls SWH pathway activity by phosphorylating, and activating, the Hippo ortholog, MST2. Given that SWH pathway activity is subverted in many human cancers, our findings identify human TAO kinases as potential tumor suppressor genes.
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► Tao-1 kinase regulates the growth of developing epithelial tissues in Drosophila ► Tao-1 regulates SWH pathway activity in both Drosophila and human cultured cells ► Tao-1 functions together with Hippo to activate Warts and suppress Yorkie ► Human TAO1 can phosphorylate and activate human MST2
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
While large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Google Bard have shown significant promise in various fields, their broader impact on enhancing patient health care access and quality, ...particularly in specialized domains such as oral health, requires comprehensive evaluation.
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Google Bard, ChatGPT-3.5, and ChatGPT-4 in offering recommendations for common oral health issues, benchmarked against responses from human dental experts.
This comparative analysis used 40 questions derived from patient surveys on prevalent oral diseases, which were executed in a simulated clinical environment. Responses, obtained from both human experts and LLMs, were subject to a blinded evaluation process by experienced dentists and lay users, focusing on readability, appropriateness, harmlessness, comprehensiveness, intent capture, and helpfulness. Additionally, the stability of artificial intelligence responses was also assessed by submitting each question 3 times under consistent conditions.
Google Bard excelled in readability but lagged in appropriateness when compared to human experts (mean 8.51, SD 0.37 vs mean 9.60, SD 0.33; P=.03). ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4, however, performed comparably with human experts in terms of appropriateness (mean 8.96, SD 0.35 and mean 9.34, SD 0.47, respectively), with ChatGPT-4 demonstrating the highest stability and reliability. Furthermore, all 3 LLMs received superior harmlessness scores comparable to human experts, with lay users finding minimal differences in helpfulness and intent capture between the artificial intelligence models and human responses.
LLMs, particularly ChatGPT-4, show potential in oral health care, providing patient-centric information for enhancing patient education and clinical care. The observed performance variations underscore the need for ongoing refinement and ethical considerations in health care settings. Future research focuses on developing strategies for the safe integration of LLMs in health care settings.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Shape memory polyamide elastomers have attracted large attention owing to a variety of favorable properties (e.g., designable chemical structure, good thermal stability, flexibility, and elasticity, ...et al). However, the polyamide elastomer reported recently still lack good mechanical property. In the present work, a new type of shape memory thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE), composed of long carbon chain PA1212 and polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), is synthesized through two‐step melt polycondensation, which is named as poly(ether‐b‐amide) (PEBA). The chemical structure of PEBA is confirmed by FTIR results and it also shows excellent mechanical properties. PEBA, possessing two melting temperatures, stay in microphase separation among PTMEG soft domains and PA1212 hard domains that are amorphous and α crystal, respectively. Furthermore, PEBA can fix a temporary shape after the heated strip is twisted and cooled down and then recover to the original shape after secondary heating, which is attributed to the fixing force provided by PTMEG domains and entropy elasticity of physically cross‐linked PA1212 domains, respectively. Besides, PEBA elastomer can be reshaped between ≈190 and ≈380 °C and it also has shape memory behavior. This new kind of TPAE proposes a new smart material for sensors and soft robotics.
A new type of poly(ether‐b‐amide) (PEBA) elastomer with excellent mechanical properties, consisting of PA1212 hard segments and polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) soft segments, is successfully synthesized by a two‐step melt polycondensation method. The crystallization/melting behavior of PTMEG and microphase separation among PA1212 and PTMEG domains endows PEBA with outstanding shape memory property. Besides, the PEBA sample can be reshaped between ≈190 and ≈380 °C and it also has shape memory behavior.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Biological pump is important to control the fate and distribution of organic contaminants, particularly in temperate and cold oligotrophic waters. However, it remains largely unknown how factors ...affect the long-term occurrence and fate of ionogenic organic compounds in subtropical eutrophic waters. The present study aimed to assess biogeochemical and physical factors affecting the annual occurrence, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of 14 antibiotics through planktonic food webs in the Pearl River, a large subtropical eutrophic river in China. This was done by carrying out 1-year simultaneous field observations of antibiotic concentrations in five water column compartments and assessing the variability of bioconcentration (BCF), bioaccumulation (BAF), and biomagnification (BMF) factors, which were influenced by plankton biomass, pH and temperature of water columns. The annual mean antibiotic concentration per site ranged from 1014.66 ± 535.66 ng L−1 to 1464.63 ± 1075.91 ng L−1, and was positively correlated with phytoplankton biomass, but independent of the proximity of the sites to urban areas. Antibiotic occurrences in both phytoplankton and zooplankton were greatly influenced by a biodilution effect. The annual occurrence of antibiotics in the water column was modulated by biological pumps as well as their equilibrium partitioning, and indirectly influenced of eutrophication with pH increased with phytoplankton biomass and phytoplankton life cycling. BAF of antibiotics by plankton had biphasic correlations with temperature (n = 150, R2 = 0.17–0.60, p < 0.001) and decreased with plankton biomass (n = 105–147, R2 = 0.10–0.22, p < 0.001). The trophic transfer of antibiotics from phytoplankton to zooplankton (BMFs) were positively correlated with both phytoplankton biomass (n = 30, R2 = 0.58, p < 0.001) and temperature (n = 132–150, R2 = 0.12–0.43, p < 0.001). Mean BMFs of ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline ranged between 0.18 and 2.25, implying these chemicals can undergo biomagnification along planktonic food webs. The present research demonstrates the important role of biogeochemical and physical factors in the environmental fate of antibiotics at large spatiotemporal scales.
•Annual distribution and fate of 14 antibiotics was studied in a subtropical river.•Antibiotics in water columns increased with algal biomass and total phosphorus.•Bioaccumulation were dominated by the biomass dilution and biological pump.•The relationships between bioaccumulation factor and temperature were biphasic.•Biomagnification was positively correlated to algal biomass and temperature.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) experienced a whole-genome triplication event and thus has three subgenomes: least fractioned, medium fractioned, and most fractioned subgenome. ...Environmental changes affect leaf development, which in turn influence the yield. To improve the yield and resistance to different climate scenarios, a comprehensive understanding of leaf development is required including insights into the full diversity of cell types and transcriptional networks underlying their specificity.
Here, we generate the transcriptional landscape of Chinese cabbage leaf at single-cell resolution by performing single-cell RNA sequencing of 30,000 individual cells. We characterize seven major cell types with 19 transcriptionally distinct cell clusters based on the expression of the reported marker genes. We find that genes in the least fractioned subgenome are predominantly expressed compared with those in the medium and most fractioned subgenomes in different cell types. Moreover, we generate a single-cell transcriptional map of leaves in response to high temperature. We find that heat stress not only affects gene expression in a cell type-specific manner but also impacts subgenome dominance.
Our study highlights the transcriptional networks in different cell types and provides a better understanding of transcriptional regulation during leaf development and transcriptional response to heat stress in Chinese cabbage.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80-85% of all patients with lung cancer and 5-year relative overall survival (OS) rate is less than 20%, so that identifying novel diagnostic and ...prognostic biomarkers is urgently demanded. The present study attempted to identify potential key genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of NSCLC.
Four GEO datasets (GSE18842, GSE19804, GSE43458, and GSE62113) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NSCLC samples and normal ones were analyzed using limma package, and RobustRankAggreg (RRA) package was used to conduct gene integration. Moreover, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database (STRING), Cytoscape, and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) were utilized to establish protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of these DEGs. Furthermore, functional enrichment and pathway enrichment analyses for DEGs were performed by Funrich and OmicShare. While the expressions and prognostic values of top genes were carried out through Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan Meier-plotter (KM) online dataset.
A total of 249 DEGs (113 upregulated and 136 downregulated) were identified after gene integration. Moreover, the PPI network was established with 166 nodes and 1784 protein pairs. Topoisomerase II alpha
, a top gene and hub node with higher node degrees in module 1, was significantly enriched in mitotic cell cycle pathway. In addition, Interleukin-6
) was enriched in amb2 integrin signaling pathway. The mitotic cell cycle was the most significant pathway in module 1 with the highest
-value. Besides, five hub genes with high degree of connectivity were selected, including
, and
, and they were all correlated with worse OS in NSCLC.
The results showed that
, and
may be potential key genes, while the mitotic cell cycle pathway may be a potential pathway contribute to progression in NSCLC. Further, it could be used as a new biomarker for diagnosis and to direct the synthesis medicine of NSCLC.
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•Molecular designable thermoplastic polyamide elastomer is a new type of flexible humidity sensing material.•Thermoplastic polyamide elastomer-based sensors can be obtained simply by ...heat-melting method.•Sensors have high fitability (R2 > 0.99), wide sensing range (11 %RH ∼ 91 %RH) and stable performance (≥5 weeks).•Thermoplastic polyamide elastomer-based sensors can monitor changes in the human respiratory rate in real time.
Nowadays, there are many researches on flexible humidity sensors based on different composites, such as polymer with graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes as conductive fillers. Herein, a flexible wearable device used for humidity detection and breath monitoring was fabricated based on the molecular designable thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE). TPAE is block copolymers consisting of the polyamide hard segments and the polyether soft segments. Among them, the hard segments (PA1212 or PA6) form the crosslinking network providing resilience, and the soft segments composed of PPO and PEO endow TPAE with flexibility and solvent-responsiveness. The resistance of TPAE-based humidity sensor decreases with the increase of relative humidity (RH), exhibiting negative humidity sensitivity. Besides, it has a wide humidity monitoring range (11 %RH ∼ 91 %RH) and good fitting degree of R2 > 0.99 which is hardly influenced by bending deformation. When the humidity sensor was exposed to organic vapor (e.g. ethanol), it exhibited a faster response of astonishing 4 s. This novel block copolymer not only shows good humidity sensing performance in many aspects, but also provides a novel strategy and approach for the preparation of the humidity sensing materials afterwards.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The strategy of “Basing city, land, population and production on water resources”, clarifying the water uses of each province and the influencing factors are crucial to the conservation and intensive ...use of water resources for the Yellow River basin. In this study, physical water use, the production-based water footprint, and the consumption-based water footprint of nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2017 are measured. Then, the key influencing factors of three kinds of water use are analyzed by the random forest model. The results show that (1) the three kinds of water use in the Yellow River basin all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Physical water use and the production-based water footprint present the geographical differentiation in the declining order from the upper reach to the lower reach, and then the middle reach, while the order for the consumption-based water footprint is the lower reach, the upper reach, and the middle reach. (2) Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, electricity and hot water production, supply, and chemicals are the dominant sectors of physical water use. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, food processing, tobacco, and construction are the key sectors for production-based and consumption-based water footprints. (3) The results of the random forest model show the influencing factors and their interactions of three kinds of water use in the Yellow River basin present obvious sectoral differences. The key influencing factors exhibit a linear or nonlinear response to water use in the three perspectives. The influencing factors of water use are also differentiated among the three perspectives.
To reconstruct the ancestral genome of a set of phylogenetically related descendant species, we use the RACCROCHE pipeline for organizing a large number of generalized gene adjacencies into contigs ...and then into chromosomes. Separate reconstructions are carried out for each ancestral node of the phylogenetic tree for focal taxa. The ancestral reconstructions are monoploids; they each contain at most one member of each gene family constructed from descendants, ordered along the chromosomes. We design and implement a new computational technique for solving the problem of estimating the ancestral monoploid number of chromosomes x. This involves a "g-mer" analysis to resolve a bias due long contigs, and gap statistics to estimate x. We find that the monoploid number of all the rosid and asterid orders is Formula: see text. We show that this is not an artifact of our method by deriving Formula: see text for the metazoan ancestor.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Role overload is not new, but its increasing prevalence in recent years calls for further research. This study considers empowering leadership as a means of resource investment and proposes that it ...is exerted by entrepreneurs to reduce their role overload. This study adds clarity by revealing how entrepreneurs' role overload is mitigated
the intermediate mechanism of empowering leadership. Hypotheses are derived from conservation of resources theory.
Data were collected from 315 entrepreneurs in China using a three-round questionnaire survey.
This study finds that entrepreneurs' previous experience of role overload positively relates to their current empowering leadership behavior and their previous empowering leadership behavior negatively relates to their current role overload, which implies a mediating role of empowering leadership. Specifically, the second stage of the indirect effect of previous role overload on current role overload through empowering leadership is moderated by top management team (TMT) heterogeneity. When TMT heterogeneity is higher, the negative indirect effect is stronger.
This study contributes to the idea of positive psychology and extends the scope of conservation of resources theory into the fields of entrepreneurship and leadership.
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