An artificial while very stable solid electrolyte interphase film is formed on lithium metal using an electrochemical strategy. When this protected Li anode is first used in a Li–O2 battery, the film ...formed on the anode can effectively suppress the parasitic reactions on the Li anode/electrolyte interface and significantly enhance the cycling stability of the Li–O2 battery.
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Inspired by the favorable structure and shape of golden‐toad eggs, a self‐standing macroporous active carbon fiber electrode is designed and fabricated via a facile and scalable strategy. After being ...decorated with ruthenium oxide, it endows Li–O2 batteries with superior electrochemical performances.
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Lithium-oxygen batteries are an attractive technology for electrical energy storage because of their exceptionally high-energy density; however, battery applications still suffer from low rate ...capability, poor cycle stability and a shortage of stable electrolytes. Here we report design and synthesis of a free-standing honeycomb-like palladium-modified hollow spherical carbon deposited onto carbon paper, as a cathode for a lithium-oxygen battery. The battery is capable of operation with high-rate (5,900 mAh g ⁻¹ at a current density of 1.5 A g⁻¹) and long-term (100 cycles at a current density of 300 mA g⁻¹ and a specific capacity limit of 1,000 mAh g⁻¹). These properties are explained by the tailored deposition and morphology of the discharge products as well as the alleviated electrolyte decomposition compared with the conventional carbon cathodes. The encouraging performance also offers hope to design more advanced cathode architectures for lithium-oxygen batteries.
Organic tailored materials using various aromatic carbonyl derivative polyimides are synthesized by tuning the alteration of the conjugated backbone. These materials are used as the cathodes for ...high‐power, long‐cycle, and sustainable sodium‐organic batteries.
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Electrospinning has been growing increasingly versatile as a promising method to fabricate one dimensional (1D) designed architectures for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries ...(SIBs). In this review, we have summarized almost all the progress in electrospun electrode materials for LIBs, covering the structure evolution from solid nanofibers into designed 1D nanomaterials, then 1D composites with carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and finally into flexible electrode materials with CNFs. Such a development trend in electrospun electrode materials would meet the battery technology and the strong consumer market demand for portable, ultrathin/lightweight and flexible devices. Along with the avenues of research about electrospun electrode materials for LIBs, electrospun electrode materials for SIBs are a rapidly growing and enormously promising field. As a timely overview, recent studies on electrospun SIB electrode materials are also highlighted. Finally, the emerging challenges and future developments of electrospun electrode materials are concisely provided. We hope this review will provide some inspiration to researchers over a broad range of topics, especially in the fields of energy, chemistry, physics, nanoscience and nanotechnology.
This review summarizes the recent progress in electrospun electrode materials for lithium- and sodium-ion batteries.
The lithium (Li)–air battery has an ultrahigh theoretical specific energy, however, even in pure oxygen (O2), the vulnerability of conventional organic electrolytes and carbon cathodes towards ...reaction intermediates, especially O2−, and corrosive oxidation and crack/pulverization of Li metal anode lead to poor cycling stability of the Li‐air battery. Even worse, the water and/or CO2 in air bring parasitic reactions and safety issues. Therefore, applying such systems in open‐air environment is challenging. Herein, contrary to previous assertions, we have found that CO2 can improve the stability of both anode and electrolyte, and a high‐performance rechargeable Li–O2/CO2 battery is developed. The CO2 not only facilitates the in situ formation of a passivated protective Li2CO3 film on the Li anode, but also restrains side reactions involving electrolyte and cathode by capturing O2−. Moreover, the Pd/CNT catalyst in the cathode can extend the battery lifespan by effectively tuning the product morphology and catalyzing the decomposition of Li2CO3. The Li–O2/CO2 battery achieves a full discharge capacity of 6628 mAh g−1 and a long life of 715 cycles, which is even better than those of pure Li–O2 batteries.
CO2 can do: CO2 makes Li–O2 batteries more stable. On the anode side, CO2 can facilitate the formation of a protective and self‐healing Li2CO3 film, which can expel the H2O and aggressive intermediates during cycling. The cathode and electrolyte are also protected because the O2− intermediate is captured by CO2 to prevent the formation of 1O2.
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To achieve a high reversibility and long cycle life for Li–O2 battery system, the stable tissue‐directed/reinforced bifunctional separator/protection film (TBF) is in situ fabricated on the surface ...of metallic lithium anode. It is shown that a Li–O2 cell composed of the TBF‐modified lithium anodes exhibits an excellent anodic reversibility (300 cycles) and effectively improved cathodic long lifetime (106 cycles). The improvement is attributed to the ability of the TBF, which has chemical, electrochemical, and mechanical stability, to effectively prevent direct contact between the surface of the lithium anode and the highly reactive reduced oxygen species (Li2O2 or its intermediate LiO2) in cell. It is believed that the protection strategy describes here can be easily extended to other next‐generation high energy density batteries using metal as anode including Li–S and Na–O2 batteries.
A stable tissue‐directed/reinforced bifunctional separator/protection film (TBF) is in situ fabricated on the surface of a metallic lithium anode. The Li–O2 battery cell with the TBF‐modified lithium anodes exhibits an excellent anodic reversibility and effectively improved cathodic long lifetime.
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Although flexible power sources are crucial for the realization next-generation flexible electronics, their application in such devices is hindered by their low theoretical energy density. ...Rechargeable lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries can provide extremely high specific energies, while the conventional Li-O2 battery is bulky, inflexible and limited by the absence of effective components and an adjustable cell configuration. Here we show that a flexible Li-O2 battery can be fabricated using unique TiO2 nanowire arrays grown onto carbon textiles (NAs/CT) as a free-standing cathode and that superior electrochemical performances can be obtained even under stringent bending and twisting conditions. Furthermore, the TiO2 NAs/CT cathode features excellent recoverability, which significantly extends the cycle life of the Li-O2 battery and lowers its life cycle cost.
Lithium‐oxygen (Li‐O2) batteries are one of the most promising candidates for high‐energy‐density storage systems. However, the low utilization of porous carbon and the inefficient transport of ...reactants in the cathode limit terribly the practical capacity and, in particular, the rate capability of state‐of‐the‐art Li‐O2 batteries. Here, free‐standing, hierarchically porous carbon (FHPC) derived from graphene oxide (GO) gel in nickel foam without any additional binder is synthesized by a facile and effective in situ sol‐gel method, wherein the GO not only acts as a special carbon source, but also provides the framework of a 3D gel; more importantly, the proper acidity via its intrinsic COOH groups guarantees the formation of the whole structure. Interestingly, when employed as a cathode for Li‐O2 batteries, the capacity reaches 11 060 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2 (280 mA g−1); and, unexpectedly, a high capacity of 2020 mA h g−1 can be obtained even the current density increases ten times, up to 2 mA cm−2 (2.8 A g−1), which is the best rate performance for Li‐O2 batteries reported to date. This excellent performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of the loose packing of the carbon, the hierarchical porous structure, and the high electronic conductivity of the Ni foam.
Graphene oxide gel‐derived, free‐standing, hierarchically porous carbon in nickel foam without any additional binder is synthesized successfully by an in situ sol‐gel method. As the cathode of Li‐O2 batteries, the as‐synthesized electrodes have excellent performance with a high capacity and a high rate capability.
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To turn waste into treasure, a facile and cost‐effective strategy is developed to revive electroless nickel plating wastewater and cotton‐textile waste toward a novel electrode substrate. Based on ...the substrate, a binder‐free PB@GO@NTC electrode is obtained, which exhibits superior electrochemical performance. Moreover, for the first time, a novel tube‐type flexible and wearable sodium‐ion battery is successfully fabricated.
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