Iron is an essential element for plant growth and development. While abundant in soil, the available Fe in soil is limited. In this regard, plants have evolved a series of mechanisms for efficient ...iron uptake, allowing plants to better adapt to iron deficient conditions. These mechanisms include iron acquisition from soil, iron transport from roots to shoots, and iron storage in cells. The mobilization of Fe in plants often occurs via chelating with phytosiderophores, citrate, nicotianamine, mugineic acid, or in the form of free iron ions. Recent work further elucidates that these genes' response to iron deficiency are tightly controlled at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels to maintain iron homeostasis. Moreover, increasing evidences shed light on certain factors that are identified to be interconnected and integrated to adjust iron deficiency. In this review, we highlight the molecular and physiological bases of iron acquisition from soil to plants and transport mechanisms for tolerating iron deficiency in dicotyledonous plants and rice.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A review of research on the Kalina cycle Zhang, Xinxin; He, Maogang; Zhang, Ying
Renewable & sustainable energy reviews,
09/2012, Volume:
16, Issue:
7
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This paper presents a review of the research on the Kalina cycle, including the description of the Kalina cycle, the comparison of the Rankine and Kalina cycle, energy and exergy analysis on the ...Kalina cycle, different Kalina systems and their different applications. Moreover, different correlations for calculating thermodynamic properties of ammonia–water mixture are screened and discussed. In the end, some technique concerns on ammonia–water mixture, i.e., stability, environmental impacts, safety and corrosion problem etc are also discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
In December, 2019, a pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan, China. We aimed to further clarify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of ...2019-nCoV pneumonia.
In this retrospective, single-centre study, we included all confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital from Jan 1 to Jan 20, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and were analysed for epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and radiological features and laboratory data. Outcomes were followed up until Jan 25, 2020.
Of the 99 patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia, 49 (49%) had a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market. The average age of the patients was 55·5 years (SD 13·1), including 67 men and 32 women. 2019-nCoV was detected in all patients by real-time RT-PCR. 50 (51%) patients had chronic diseases. Patients had clinical manifestations of fever (82 83% patients), cough (81 82% patients), shortness of breath (31 31% patients), muscle ache (11 11% patients), confusion (nine 9% patients), headache (eight 8% patients), sore throat (five 5% patients), rhinorrhoea (four 4% patients), chest pain (two 2% patients), diarrhoea (two 2% patients), and nausea and vomiting (one 1% patient). According to imaging examination, 74 (75%) patients showed bilateral pneumonia, 14 (14%) patients showed multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity, and one (1%) patient had pneumothorax. 17 (17%) patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and, among them, 11 (11%) patients worsened in a short period of time and died of multiple organ failure.
The 2019-nCoV infection was of clustering onset, is more likely to affect older males with comorbidities, and can result in severe and even fatal respiratory diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. In general, characteristics of patients who died were in line with the MuLBSTA score, an early warning model for predicting mortality in viral pneumonia. Further investigation is needed to explore the applicability of the MuLBSTA score in predicting the risk of mortality in 2019-nCoV infection.
National Key R&D Program of China.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aim of this study was to further clarify clinical characteristics and predict mortality risk among patients with viral pneumonia.
A total of 528 patients with viral pneumonia at RuiJin hospital ...in Shanghai from May 2015 to May 2019 were recruited. Multiplex real-time RT-PCR was used to detect respiratory viruses. Demographic information, comorbidities, routine laboratory examinations, immunological indexes, etiological detections, radiological images and treatment were collected on admission.
76 (14.4%) patients died within 90 days in hospital. A predictive MuLBSTA score was calculated on the basis of a multivariate logistic regression model in order to predict mortality with a weighted score that included multilobular infiltrates (OR = 5.20, 95% CI 1.41-12.52,
= 0.010; 5 points), lymphocyte ≤ 0.8
10
/L (OR = 4.53, 95% CI 2.55-8.05,
< 0.001; 4 points), bacterial coinfection (OR = 3.71, 95% CI 2.11-6.51,
< 0.001; 4 points), acute-smoker (OR = 3.19, 95% CI 1.34-6.26,
= 0.001; 3 points), quit-smoker (OR = 2.18, 95% CI 0.99-4.82,
= 0.054; 2 points), hypertension (OR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.55-4.26,
= 0.003; 2 points) and age ≥60 years (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.04-4.39,
= 0.038; 2 points). 12 points was used as a cut-off value for mortality risk stratification. This model showed sensitivity of 0.776, specificity of 0.778 and a better predictive ability than CURB-65 (AUROC = 0.773 vs. 0.717,
< 0.001).
Here, we designed an easy-to-use clinically predictive tool for assessing 90-day mortality risk of viral pneumonia. It can accurately stratify hospitalized patients with viral pneumonia into relevant risk categories and could provide guidance to make further clinical decisions.
Optimization of deep learning is no longer an imminent problem, due to various gradient descent methods and the improvements of network structure, including activation functions, the connectivity ...style, and so on. Then the actual application depends on the generalization ability, which determines whether a network is effective. Regularization is an efficient way to improve the generalization ability of deep CNN, because it makes it possible to train more complex models while maintaining a lower overfitting. In this paper, we propose to optimize the feature boundary of deep CNN through a two-stage training method (pre-training process and implicit regularization training process) to reduce the overfitting problem. In the pre-training stage, we train a network model to extract the image representation for anomaly detection. In the implicit regularization training stage, we re-train the network based on the anomaly detection results to regularize the feature boundary and make it converge in the proper position. Experimental results on five image classification benchmarks show that the two-stage training method achieves a state-of-the-art performance and that it, in conjunction with more complicated anomaly detection algorithm, obtains better results. Finally, we use a variety of strategies to explore and analyze how implicit regularization plays a role in the two-stage training process. Furthermore, we explain how implicit regularization can be interpreted as data augmentation and model ensemble.
Erythritol as a phase change material (PCM) has the advantage of extremely high latent heat, excellent thermal stability. However, its low thermal conductivity and easy leakage greatly limit its ...practical application, so the development of novel shape-stabilized PCM with high thermal conductivity is of great significance. In this paper, thermal conductivity, melting point and adsorption properties of hierarchical porous diamond/erythritol composite PCM were calculated using molecular dynamics simulation. When the load of erythritol is 12.91 wt%, the thermal conductivity can reach 2.06 W ⋅m−1K−1, which is 207% higher than that of pure erythritol. The phonon vibration of erythritol plays an important role in the composite. Erythritol enhanced the mass transfer and shared part of the heat flux, which acted as an auxiliary heat channel. With the increase of load, the melting point increased and tended to bulk erythritol. The flexibility of erythritol in confined space was better, resulting in lower melting point than that in free space. The advantage of hierarchical porous diamond was verified by calculating centroid position of erythritol and interaction energy between host and guest. Significantly, the meso pore is conducive to heat and mass transfer, and the micro pore has stronger interaction with the core material.
•A new type of hierarchical porous diamond/erythritol composite PCM was proposed.•The thermal conductivity of the composite is 207% higher than that of erythritol.•Hierarchical porous diamond is favorable for mass transfer and leakage prevention.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in Wuhan (Hubei province, ...China)
; it soon spread across the world. In this ongoing pandemic, public health concerns and the urgent need for effective therapeutic measures require a deep understanding of the epidemiology, transmissibility and pathogenesis of COVID-19. Here we analysed clinical, molecular and immunological data from 326 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Shanghai. The genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2, assembled from 112 high-quality samples together with sequences in the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) dataset, showed a stable evolution and suggested that there were two major lineages with differential exposure history during the early phase of the outbreak in Wuhan. Nevertheless, they exhibited similar virulence and clinical outcomes. Lymphocytopenia, especially reduced CD4
and CD8
T cell counts upon hospital admission, was predictive of disease progression. High levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 during treatment were observed in patients with severe or critical disease and correlated with decreased lymphocyte count. The determinants of disease severity seemed to stem mostly from host factors such as age and lymphocytopenia (and its associated cytokine storm), whereas viral genetic variation did not significantly affect outcomes.
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FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
CellMarker 2.0 (http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/CellMarker or http://117.50.127.228/CellMarker/) is an updated database that provides a manually curated collection of experimentally supported markers ...of various cell types in different tissues of human and mouse. In addition, web tools for analyzing single cell sequencing data are described. We have updated CellMarker 2.0 with more data and several new features, including (i) Appending 36 300 tissue-cell type-maker entries, 474 tissues, 1901 cell types and 4566 markers over the previous version. The current release recruits 26 915 cell markers, 2578 cell types and 656 tissues, resulting in a total of 83 361 tissue-cell type-maker entries. (ii) There is new marker information from 48 sequencing technology sources, including 10X Chromium, Smart-Seq2 and Drop-seq, etc. (iii) Adding 29 types of cell markers, including protein-coding gene lncRNA and processed pseudogene, etc. Additionally, six flexible web tools, including cell annotation, cell clustering, cell malignancy, cell differentiation, cell feature and cell communication, were developed to analysis and visualization of single cell sequencing data. CellMarker 2.0 is a valuable resource for exploring markers of various cell types in different tissues of human and mouse.
Currently, there are no approved specific antiviral agents for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, 10 severe patients confirmed by real-time viral RNA test were enrolled ...prospectively. One dose of 200 mL of convalescent plasma (CP) derived from recently recovered donors with the neutralizing antibody titers above 1:640 was transfused to the patients as an addition to maximal supportive care and antiviral agents. The primary endpoint was the safety of CP transfusion. The second endpoints were the improvement of clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters within 3 d after CP transfusion. The median time from onset of illness to CP transfusion was 16.5 d. After CP transfusion, the level of neutralizing antibody increased rapidly up to 1:640 in five cases, while that of the other four cases maintained at a high level (1:640). The clinical symptoms were significantly improved along with increase of oxyhemoglobin saturation within 3 d. Several parameters tended to improve as compared to pretransfusion, including increased lymphocyte counts (0.65 × 109/L vs. 0.76 × 109/L) and decreased C-reactive protein (55.98 mg/L vs. 18.13 mg/L). Radiological examinations showed varying degrees of absorption of lung lesions within 7 d. The viral load was undetectable after transfusion in seven patients who had previous viremia. No severe adverse effects were observed. This study showed CP therapy was well tolerated and could potentially improve the clinical outcomes through neutralizing viremia in severe COVID-19 cases. The optimal dose and time point, as well as the clinical benefit of CP therapy, needs further investigation in larger well-controlled trials.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We report an Ag1 single‐atom catalyst (Ag1/MnO2), which was synthesized from thermal transformation of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and surface reconstruction of MnO2. The evolution process of Ag NPs to ...single atoms is firstly revealed by various techniques, including in situ ETEM, in situ XRD and DFT calculations. The temperature‐induced surface reconstruction process from the MnO2 (211) to (310) lattice plane is critical to firmly confine the existing surface of Ag single atoms; that is, the thermal treatment and surface reconstruction of MnO2 is the driving force for the formation of single Ag atoms. The as‐obtained Ag1/MnO2 achieved 95.7 % Faradic efficiency at −0.85 V vs. RHE, and coupled with long‐term stability for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). DFT calculations indicated single Ag sites possessed high electronic density close to Fermi Level and could act exclusively as the active sites in the CO2RR. As a result, the Ag1/MnO2 catalyst demonstrated remarkable performance for the CO2RR, far surpassing the conventional Ag nanosized catalyst (AgNP/MnO2) and other reported Ag‐based catalysts.
Silver nanoparticles converted into single atoms bring about a significant improvement in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with a 95.7 % faradic efficiency for CO production.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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