In this paper, a highly transparent, conductive, and bendable Ag nanowire (AgNW)-based electrode with excellent mechanical stability was prepared through the introduction of an adhesive ...polyelectrolyte multilayer between AgNW networks and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The introduction of the adhesive layer was performed based on a peel–assembly–transfer procedure, and the adhesive polyelectrolyte greatly improved the mechanical stability of the AgNW transparent conductive films (TCFs) without obviously attenuating the morphology and optoelectrical properties of the AgNW networks. The as-prepared AgNW TCFs simultaneously possess high optical transparency, good conductivity, excellent flexibility, and remarkable mechanical stability. It is believed that the proposed strategy would pave a new way for preparing flexible transparent electrodes with a long-term stability, which is significant in the development and practical applications of flexible transparent electronic devices operated in severe environments.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) provides a synthesis route for large‐area and high‐quality graphene films. However, layer‐controlled synthesis remains a great challenge on polycrystalline metallic ...films. Here, a facile and viable synthesis of layer‐controlled and high‐quality graphene films on wafer‐scale Ni surface by the sequentially separated steps of gas carburization, hydrogen exposure, and segregation is developed. The layer numbers of graphene films with large domain sizes are controlled precisely at ambient pressure by modulating the simplified CVD process conditions and hydrogen exposure. The hydrogen exposure assisted with a Ni catalyst plays a critical role in promoting the preferential segregation through removing the carbon layers on the Ni surface and reducing carbon content in the Ni. Excellent electrical and transparent conductive performance, with a room‐temperature mobility of ≈3000 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a sheet resistance as low as ≈100 Ω per square at ≈90% transmittance, of the twisted few‐layer grapheme films grown on the Ni catalyst is demonstrated.
The layer‐controlled synthesis of uniform and high‐quality graphene films is a challenging task. A novel and viable synthesis of layer‐controlled high‐quality graphene films on a wafer‐scale Ni surface by the sequentially separated steps of gas carburization, hydrogen exposure, and segregation at ambient pressure is developed. The hydrogen exposure plays a critical role in promoting the preferential segregation through reducing carbon content in the Ni.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A dual-emissive optical material as a ratiometric fluorescent probe has been demonstrated to be remarkably superior in precise and quantitative analyses. Herein, a novel dual-emissive fluorescent ...probe Eu-BDC-OH was designed and successfully synthesized using Eu 3+ and 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid (H 2 BDC-OH) at room temperature. Eu-BDC-OH has a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure with a large number of exposed hydroxyl functional groups, providing abundant active sites for molecular recognition. In particular, the as-obtained Eu-BDC-OH serves as a unique fluorescent probe, and the double emission peaks of both the ligand and Eu 3+ are completely quenched by Fe 3+ . However, it is worth noting that the dual emissions of Eu-BDC-OH enable the ratiometric detection of Fe 2+ , which leads to an increase in ligand emission and a decrease in Eu 3+ emission, accompanied by a distinct red to blue color transition. The relative fluorescence intensity ratio ( I 618 nm / I 433 nm ) decreased linearly with increasing Fe 2+ concentration in the 0–50 μM range with a superior detection limit of 0.32 μM. In this work, a fluorescent probe based on a MOF was developed for the recognition of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ , providing a promising strategy for the synthesis of novel dual-emission materials by integrating suitable luminescent ligands with lanthanide metal ions.
Neurological and psychiatric diseases can lead to motor, language, emotional disorder, and cognitive, hearing or visual impairment By decoding the intention of the brain in real time, the ...Brain–computer interface (BCI) can first assist in the diagnosis of diseases, and can also compensate for its damaged function by directly interacting with the environment; In addition, provide output signals in various forms, such as actual motion, tactile or visual feedback, to assist in rehabilitation training; Further intervention in brain disorders is achieved by close‐looped neural modulation. In this article, we envision the future BCI digital prescription system for patients with different functional disorders and discuss the key contents in the prescription the brain signals, coding and decoding protocols and interaction paradigms, and assistive technology. Then, we discuss the details that need to be specially included in the digital prescription for different intervention technologies. The third part summarizes previous examples of intervention, focusing on how to select appropriate interaction paradigms for patients with different functional impairments. For the last part, we discussed the indicators and influencing factors in evaluating the therapeutic effect of BCI as intervention.
BCI prescription for neurological disorders.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Protein phase separation or coacervation has emerged as a potential mechanism to regulate biological functions. We have shown that coacervation of a mostly unstructured protein, BuGZ, promotes ...assembly of spindle and its matrix. BuGZ in the spindle matrix binds and concentrates tubulin to promote microtubule (MT) assembly. It remains unclear, however, whether BuGZ could regulate additional proteins to promote spindle assembly. In this study, we report that BuGZ promotes Aurora A (AurA) activation in vitro. Depletion of BuGZ in cells reduces the amount of phosphorylated AurA on spindle MTs. BuGZ also enhances MCAK phosphorylation. The two zinc fingers in BuGZ directly bind to the kinase domain of AurA, which allows AurA to incorporate into the coacervates formed by BuGZ in vitro. Importantly, mutant BuGZ that disrupts the coacervation activity in vitro fails to promote AurA phosphorylation in
egg extracts. These results suggest that BuGZ coacervation promotes AurA activation in mitosis.
OBJECTIVE:A decrease in nitric oxide, leading to vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, is a common pathological feature of vascular proliferative diseases. Nitric oxide synthesis by eNOS ...(endothelial nitric oxide synthase) is precisely regulated by protein kinases including AKT1. ENH (enigma homolog protein) is a scaffolding protein for multiple protein kinases, but whether it regulates eNOS activation and vascular remodeling remains unknown.
APPROACH AND RESULTS:ENH was upregulated in injured mouse arteries and human atherosclerotic plaques and was associated with coronary artery disease. Neointima formation in carotid arteries, induced by ligation or wire injury, was greatly decreased in endothelium-specific ENH-knockout mice. Vascular ligation reduced AKT and eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide production in the endothelium of control but not ENH-knockout mice. ENH was found to interact with AKT1 and its phosphatase PHLPP2 (pleckstrin homology domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2). AKT and eNOS activation were prolonged in VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-induced ENH- or PHLPP2-deficient endothelial cells. Inhibitors of either AKT or eNOS effectively restored ligation-induced neointima formation in ENH-knockout mice. Moreover, endothelium-specific PHLPP2-knockout mice displayed reduced ligation-induced neointima formation. Finally, PHLPP2 was increased in the endothelia of human atherosclerotic plaques and blood cells from patients with coronary artery disease.
CONCLUSIONS:ENH forms a complex with AKT1 and its phosphatase PHLPP2 to negatively regulate AKT1 activation in the artery endothelium. AKT1 deactivation, a decrease in nitric oxide generation, and subsequent neointima formation induced by vascular injury are mediated by ENH and PHLPP2. ENH and PHLPP2 are thus new proatherosclerotic factors that could be therapeutically targeted.
CUE domain-containing 2 (CUEDC2) is a protein involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, inflammation, and tumorigenesis and is highly expressed in many types of tumors. CUEDC2 is phosphorylated ...by Cdk1 during mitosis and promotes the release of anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) from checkpoint inhibition. CUEDC2 is also known to interact with IkB kinase α (IKKα) and IKKβ and has an inhibitory role in the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-κB. Moreover, CUEDC2 plays an important role in downregulating the expression of hormone receptors estrogen receptor-α and progesterone receptor, thereby impairing the responsiveness of breast cancer to endocrine therapies. In this review, current knowledge on the multi-functions of CUEDC2 in normal processes and tumorigenesis are discussed and summarized.
Abstract
Zi-Zhi Tunnel is a shallow-buried tunnel, and its geological conditions are generally upper soft and lower hard. Therefore, the designed excavation methods are the center diaphragm method ...and the bench method. For the considerations of safety, cost, and schedule, excavation methods should be converted in advance. When determining the conversion timing of excavation methods, the different positions between the tunnel face and the upper-soft and lower-hard stratum interface need to be taken into consideration. The finite-difference software FLAC3D was used to analyze the rules of three-dimensional deformation and the variation of displacement direction angle of the surrounding rock based on the theory of displacement direction angle under different working conditions. The field-monitoring data of vault settlement before and after the conversion of excavation methods were also compared and analyzed to verify the rationality of the conversion of excavation methods. The results indicated that when the tunnel face passes through 1.5B distance (B is the tunnel width) of the stratum interface, the displacement direction angle of the surrounding rock tended to be stable, and the longitudinal stress concentration of the surrounding rock was decreased, which was conducive to utilizing the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock. Therefore, we suggest that the conversion of excavation methods should be carried out after the vault of the tunnel face passes through 1.5B distance of the stratum interface. Engineering experience verified the reliability of the conversion timing.
The key molecular mechanisms that control signaling via T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) remain to be fully elucidated. Here we found that Nrdp1, a ring finger-type E3 ligase, mediated Lys33 ...(K33)-linked polyubiquitination of the signaling kinase Zap70 and promoted the dephosphorylation of Zap70 by the acidic phosphatase-like proteins Sts1 and Sts2 and thereby terminated early TCR signaling in CD8(+) T cells. Nrdp1 deficiency significantly promoted the activation of naive CD8(+) T cells but not that of naive CD4(+) T cells after engagement of the TCR. Nrdp1 interacted with Zap70 and with Sts1 and Sts2 and connected K33 linkage of Zap70 to Sts1- and Sts2-mediated dephosphorylation. Our study suggests that Nrdp1 terminates early TCR signaling by inactivating Zap70 and provides new mechanistic insights into the non-proteolytic regulation of TCR signaling by E3 ligases.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The 66 kDa estrogen receptor alpha (ERα66) is the main molecular target for endocrine therapy such as tamoxifen treatment. However, many patients develop resistance with unclear mechanisms. In a ...large cohort study of breast cancer patients who underwent surgery followed by tamoxifen treatment, we demonstrate that ERα36, a variant of ERα66, correlates with poor prognosis. Mechanistically, tamoxifen directly binds and activates ERα36 to enhance the stemness and metastasis of breast cancer cells via transcriptional stimulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1). Consistently, the tamoxifen-induced stemness and metastasis can be attenuated by either ALDH1 inhibitors or a specific ERα36 antibody. Thus, tamoxifen acts as an agonist on ERα36 in breast cancer cells, which accounts for hormone therapy resistance and metastasis of breast cancer. Our study not only reveals ERα36 as a stratifying marker for endocrine therapy but also provides a promising therapeutic avenue for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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